Sullivan County, Missouri
Encyclopedia
Sullivan County is a county located in the U.S. state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...

 of Missouri
Missouri
Missouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It...

. In 2010, the population was 6,714. Its county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....

 is Milan
Milan, Missouri
Milan is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,960 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Sullivan County. It is prounouced MY-lun.-Geography:Milan is located at...

.

History

Sullivan County, Missouri encompasses 651.43 square miles (1,687.2 km²) of high glaciated prairie
Prairie
Prairies are considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type...

 covered by steep rolling hills and numerous creeks and streams in north central Missouri. In 1682, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de LaSalle was a French explorer. He explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico...

 claimed the territory west of the Mississippi River
Louisiana (New France)
Louisiana or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France. Under French control from 1682–1763 and 1800–03, the area was named in honor of Louis XIV, by French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle...

 for France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

, which included present-day Sullivan County. The United States acquired this region under terms of the Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America of of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803. The U.S...

 on July 4, 1803. Twenty-one years later, the Sac (Sauk), Meskwaki (Fox)
Meskwaki
The Meskwaki are a Native American people often known to outsiders as the Fox tribe. They have often been closely linked to the Sauk people. In their own language, the Meskwaki call themselves Meshkwahkihaki, which means "the Red-Earths." Historically their homelands were in the Great Lakes region...

, and Iowa Indian nations ceded their tribal land to the U.S. government under two treaties in August 1824.

Dr. Jacob Holland and his son, Robert W. Holland, arrived in 1836, becoming the county's first permanent White settlers. Dr. Holland, a veteran of the Black Hawk War
Black Hawk War
The Black Hawk War was a brief conflict fought in 1832 between the United States and Native Americans headed by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader. The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos known as the "British Band" crossed the Mississippi River into the U.S....

 and practioner of herbal medicine, and son staked their homesites at the Main Locust Creek Settlement, near a place called Scottsville. American pioneer
American pioneer
American pioneers are any of the people in American history who migrated west to join in settling and developing new areas. The term especially refers to those who were going to settle any territory which had previously not been settled or developed by European or American society, although the...

s from Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia quickly followed them, establishing farms and small businesses at the Milan Settlement, Yellow Creek Settlement, and Jackson's Corners (Jacksonville) by 1840.

The Missouri state legislature defined the boundaries of the county from Chariton County
Chariton County, Missouri
Chariton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of 2000, the population was 8,438. Its county seat is Keytesville. The county was organized in 1820 from part of Howard County and was named from the Chariton River.-History:...

 during the 1842–1843 legislative session, and first named it Highland County. However, the number of permanent settlers did not meet requirements for civil governance and military purposes, so legislators attached administration of Highland County to Linn County
Linn County, Missouri
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,754 people, 5,697 households, and 3,760 families residing in the county. The population density was 22 people per square mile . There were 6,554 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile...

. A new survey of the county in 1844 determined that the population was sufficient to permit full organization. E.M.C. Morelock, a representative from Highland County, presented an act to the state legislature, which they approved on February 14, 1845, and the county became formally organized and renamed Sullivan County in honor of John Sullivan
John Sullivan
John Sullivan was the third son of Irish immigrants, a United States general in the Revolutionary War, a delegate in the Continental Congress and a United States federal judge....

, a major general
Major General
Major general or major-general is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. A major general is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general...

 in the Continental Army
Continental Army
The Continental Army was formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in...

 during the American Revolutionary War
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...

.
Settlers established the town of Milan
Milan, Missouri
Milan is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,960 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Sullivan County. It is prounouced MY-lun.-Geography:Milan is located at...

 in 1845, located at the center of the county, where the first courts met. William Putnam built the first courthouse, which was occupied in October 1847. Ten years later, residents leveled an Indian mound in the middle of town to make the public square and Major John McCollough built the second courthouse, the first brick structure in Milan, on this site during 1857–1858. (This courthouse was destroyed by fire in 1908 and it was not until 1938 that it was replaced by the three-story limestone building that stands today.) The last federal land office
General Land Office
The General Land Office was an independent agency of the United States government responsible for public domain lands in the United States. It was created in 1812 to take over functions previously conducted by the United States Department of the Treasury...

 established in Missouri also operated from the square from 1849 to 1859. The state legislature officially incorporated the city of Milan on February 8, 1859. Other towns platted in the county's early years include: Greencastle
Greencastle, Missouri
Greencastle is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 275 at the 2010 census.-History:The plat for Greencastle was surveyed on March 12, 1857 at the behest of Victor Doze, Marion Overstreet, E.E. Prindle, I.E. Wood, and M.P. Wood. It consisted of six full blocks and...

 (1857), Newtown
Newtown, Missouri
Newtown is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 183 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town.-Geography:Newtown is located at ....

 (1858), Pollock
Pollock, Missouri
Pollock is a village in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 89 at the 2010 census.-History:Pollock was established in July, 1873 by H.F. Warner and William Lane and originally consisted of thirty-two blocks...

 (1873), Boynton and Cora (1877), Green City
Green City, Missouri
Green City is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 657 at the 2010 census.-Geography:According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it is water....

 and Winigan
Winigan, Missouri
Winigan is an unincorporated community in southeastern Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Route 129 about sixteen miles southeast of Milan.-History:...

 (1880), Humphreys
Humphreys, Missouri
Humphreys is a village in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 118 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Humphreys is located at ....

 and Reger
Reger, Missouri
Reger is an unincorporated community in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Route 6 about six miles southwest of Milan. Its post office has closed and its mail now comes from Milan....

 (1881), Osgood
Osgood, Missouri
Osgood is a village in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 48 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Osgood is located at .According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land....

 (1886), and Harris
Harris, Missouri
Harris is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 61 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town.-Geography:Harris is located at ....

 (1887). Green City College opened in 1885, and a business institute opened in Humphreys in 1884.

During the Civil War
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ; the other 25...

 (1861–1865), a Union Army
Union Army
The Union Army was the land force that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S. Army, the Northern Army and the National Army...

 post stood in Milan. Four of Union volunteer infantry regiments, two Union cavalry volunteer regiments, two Missouri Militia units, one provisional militia unit, and a large unit of Sullivan County Home Guards supported the Union cause. Four units of Missouri State Guard infantrymen are known to have supported the Confederate
Confederate States of America
The Confederate States of America was a government set up from 1861 to 1865 by 11 Southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S...

 side. Soldiers from Sullivan County fought at the Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh, also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing, was a major battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. A Union army under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant had moved via the Tennessee River deep into Tennessee and...

, Battle of Atlanta
Battle of Atlanta
The Battle of Atlanta was a battle of the Atlanta Campaign fought during the American Civil War on July 22, 1864, just southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Continuing their summer campaign to seize the important rail and supply center of Atlanta, Union forces commanded by William T. Sherman overwhelmed...

, Battle of Jonesborough
Battle of Jonesborough
-Further reading:...

, and other major engagements throughout the war. Military skirmishes within the county were mostly confined to bushwhacker
Bushwhacker
Bushwhacking was a form of guerrilla warfare common during the American Revolutionary War, American Civil War and other conflicts in which there are large areas of contested land and few Governmental Resources to control these tracts...

s.

Expansion of the railroads brought growth to Sullivan County beginning in the 1870s. The C., B. & K.C. (Chicago, Burlington and Kansas City Railway) built a line running north to south through the county in 1876, which was followed by construction of the Quincy, Missouri & Pacific Railway line east to west though the county from 1878 to 1881. The two lines crossed in Milan, which became a major shipping point. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway soon built a north–south line along Medicine Creek the length of the western edge of the county that served the towns of Newtown
Newtown, Missouri
Newtown is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 183 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town.-Geography:Newtown is located at ....

 and Harris
Harris, Missouri
Harris is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 61 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town.-Geography:Harris is located at ....

, which continues to be active today. (All three railroads eventually merged into the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad
The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad was a railroad that operated in the Midwestern United States. Commonly referred to as the Burlington or as the Q, the Burlington Route served a large area, including extensive trackage in the states of Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri,...

.)

By 1900, following the railroad construction boom, the county's population exceeded 20,000. However, business activity and the number of residents declined steadily during the subsequent decades. The number of farms decreased from about 3,100 in 1900 to under 900 by 1982, but over the same time period, the size of farms increased from about 130 acres to 385 acres. The county primarily remains rural agricultural land today, planted in corn and grains with family operated poultry, livestock, and dairy farms. One medium size manufacturer in Milan employs about 750 people.

Notable residents

  • Fred "Killer" Burke - notorious bank robber & gangster. Lived under an alias for several months near Green City
    Green City, Missouri
    Green City is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 657 at the 2010 census.-Geography:According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it is water....

     before being captured there in March 1931.
  • Cal Hubbard
    Cal Hubbard
    Robert Calvin Hubbard was a professional American football player and later an umpire in Major League Baseball, and is a member of three major sports halls of fame...

     - Pro football Hall of Famer and MLB umpire. Lived in Milan from the mid-1940s until shortly before his death.
  • Steve Riker - Drummer for the rock band Head East
    Head East
    Head East is an American hard rock band originally from South Central Illinois. The band was formed by vocalist John Schlitt, guitarist Mike Somerville, keyboardist Roger Boyd, bassist Dan Birney, and drummer Steve Huston. They met and formed the band while studying at the University of Illinois,...

     (1991-1994)
  • Albert Barry Scobee - Newspaper reporter and publisher, Western fiction writer. Served a key role in the preservation of Old Fort Davis, Texas
    Fort Davis, Texas
    Fort Davis is a census-designated place in Jeff Davis County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,050 at the 2000 census and 1,041 according to a 2007 estimate. It is the county seat of Jeff Davis County...

     a frontier outpost during the 1800s. Nearby Barry Scobee Mountain was named in his honor by Texas Governor John Connally
    John Connally
    John Bowden Connally, Jr. , was an influential American politician, serving as the 39th governor of Texas, Secretary of the Navy under President John F. Kennedy, and as Secretary of the Treasury under President Richard M. Nixon. While he was Governor in 1963, Connally was a passenger in the car in...

     in 1964. Scobee was born in Pollock, Missouri in 1885. Scobee Cemetery, just west of Pollock, is named for his family.

Geography

According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 651.43 square miles (1,687.2 km²), of which 650.95 square miles (1,686 km²) (or 99.93%) is land and 0.48 square miles (1.2 km²) (or 0.07%) is water.

The main water courses
Stream
A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and stream banks. Depending on its locale or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to as a branch, brook, beck, burn, creek, "crick", gill , kill, lick, rill, river, syke, bayou, rivulet, streamage, wash, run or...

 in Sullivan County are Medicine, Locust, East Locust, Yellow, and Spring Creeks. The highest point in the county, about 1060 feet (323.1 m) above sea level, is on the primary divide between the Chariton River
Chariton River
The Chariton River is a tributary to the Missouri River in southeast Iowa and northeast Missouri.It has been called Missouri's "Grand Divide" because streams west of the Chariton flow into the Missouri and streams east of it flow into the Mississippi River....

 and Grand River
Grand River (Missouri)
The Grand River is a river that stretches from northernmost tributary origins between Creston and Winterset in Iowa approximately to its mouth on the Missouri River near Brunswick, Missouri....

 drainage basins along its northern border shared with Putnam County northwest of Green City. The lowest point, about 740 feet (225.6 m) above sea level, is where Locust Creek flows out of the county on its southern border with Linn County
Linn County, Missouri
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,754 people, 5,697 households, and 3,760 families residing in the county. The population density was 22 people per square mile . There were 6,554 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile...

, near the town of Browning.

Adjacent counties

  • Putnam County  (north)
  • Adair County
    Adair County, Missouri
    Adair County is a county located in northeast Missouri. As of 2010, the population was 25,607. Its county seat is Kirksville. The county was organized in 1841 and is named in honor of Kentucky Governor John Adair....

      (east)
  • Linn County
    Linn County, Missouri
    As of the census of 2000, there were 13,754 people, 5,697 households, and 3,760 families residing in the county. The population density was 22 people per square mile . There were 6,554 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile...

      (south)
  • Grundy County  (southwest)
  • Mercer County  (northwest)

Major highways

  • Route 5
  • Route 6
  • Route 129
  • Route 139

Demographics

As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of 2010, there were 6,714 people, 2,925 households, and 1,959 families residing in the county. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 11 people per square mile (4/km²). There were 3,364 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile (2/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 94.96% White
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.14% Black
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 or African American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.25% Native American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.14% Asian
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.07% Pacific Islander
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 3.55% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, and 0.90% from two or more races. 8.78% of the population were Hispanic
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 or Latino
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 of any race.

There were 2,925 households out of which 29.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.30% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 9.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.00% were non-families. 29.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the county the population was spread out with 25.00% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 18.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,107, and the median income for a family was $33,590. Males had a median income of $23,245 versus $19,167 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the county was $13,392. About 11.00% of families and 16.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.60% of those under age 18 and 20.90% of those age 65 or over.

Cities

  • Browning
    Browning, Missouri
    Browning is a city in Linn and Sullivan counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 317 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Browning is located at ....

     (portion in adjoining county)
  • Green City
    Green City, Missouri
    Green City is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 657 at the 2010 census.-Geography:According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it is water....

  • Greencastle
    Greencastle, Missouri
    Greencastle is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 275 at the 2010 census.-History:The plat for Greencastle was surveyed on March 12, 1857 at the behest of Victor Doze, Marion Overstreet, E.E. Prindle, I.E. Wood, and M.P. Wood. It consisted of six full blocks and...

  • Harris
    Harris, Missouri
    Harris is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 61 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town.-Geography:Harris is located at ....

  • Milan
    Milan, Missouri
    Milan is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,960 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Sullivan County. It is prounouced MY-lun.-Geography:Milan is located at...

  • Newtown
    Newtown, Missouri
    Newtown is a city in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 183 at the 2010 census, at which time it was a town.-Geography:Newtown is located at ....


Villages

  • Humphreys
    Humphreys, Missouri
    Humphreys is a village in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 118 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Humphreys is located at ....

  • Osgood
    Osgood, Missouri
    Osgood is a village in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 48 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Osgood is located at .According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land....

  • Pollock
    Pollock, Missouri
    Pollock is a village in Sullivan County, Missouri, United States. The population was 89 at the 2010 census.-History:Pollock was established in July, 1873 by H.F. Warner and William Lane and originally consisted of thirty-two blocks...


Historical communities

Source

  • Bairdston 40°17′05"N 93°11′46"W
  • Boynton 40°17′02"N 93°05′04"W
  • Brown 40°20′49"N 93°58′28"W
  • Bute 40°05′40"N 92°56′59"W
  • Cookman 40°14′19"N 93°16′26"W
  • Cora 40°06′35"N 93°07′50"W

  • Jacksonville 40°16′38"N 93°06′46"W
  • Judson 40°18′43"N 93°13′50"W
  • Lindley 40°04′55"N 93°22′06"W
  • Mystic 40°09′23"N 92°55′55"W
  • Opel 40°06′12"N 93°02′40"W
  • Owasco 40°08′17"N 92°58′41"W

  • Parsons 40°04′43"N 93°16′19"W
  • Pawpaw 40°05′28"N 93°05′16"W
  • Pennville 40°21′46"N 92°56′49"W
  • Sorrell 40°12′54"N 93°01′14"W
  • Sticklerville 40°09′38"N 92°53′38"W
  • Wintersville 40°16′06"N 93°19′37"W


See also

  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, Missouri

External links

  • Digitized 1930 Plat Book of Sullivan County from University of Missouri
    University of Missouri
    The University of Missouri System is a state university system providing centralized administration for four universities, a health care system, an extension program, five research and technology parks, and a publishing press. More than 64,000 students are currently enrolled at its four campuses...

     Division of Special Collections, Archives, and Rare Books
  • SullivanCountyMissouri.com, local history and information.
  • TheLibrary.org, A Directory of Towns, Villages, and Hamlets Past and Present of Sullivan County, Missouri.
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