Surxondaryo Province
Encyclopedia
Surxondaryo Province old spelling Surkhandarya Province is a viloyat (province) of Uzbekistan
, located in the extreme south-east of the country. Established on March 6, 1941, it borders on Turkmenistan
, Tajikstan, Afghanistan
and Qashqadaryo Province
. It covers an area of 20,100 km². The population is estimated at 1,925,100 (end of 2005 data), with 80% living in rural areas. According to official data, 83% of the population are Uzbeks and 1% Tajiks. The highest point of Province and also of Uzbekistan is Khazrati Sulton peak reaching 4,643 m/15,233 ft in Gissar Range.
The provincial capital is Termez
with population of 122,900 and the second largest city is Denov
(Denau) with 69,500 inhabitants (data for 2005). Other major towns include Boysun
, Jarqo‘rg‘on, Qumqo‘rg‘on, Shargun, Sherobod, Sho‘rchi, and Sariosiyo
.
The climate is typical continental
with mild wet winters and hot dry summers. The southern part of the province is in the Badkhiz-Karabil semi-desert ecoregion (PA0808), characterized by a savanna of pistachio and desert sedge. The northern portion is characterized by open woodlands (Gissaro-Alai open woodlands ecoregion, PA1306), with characteristic plants being pistachio, almond, walnut, apple, and juniper. Sagebrush is common at lower elevations [the cited link does not lead to this information: need a direct link]
Natural resources
include petroleum
, natural gas
, and coal
. Light industry
, mainly cotton ginning and food processing
, is also an important part of the provincial economy, particularly in the production of consumer goods. Agriculture is based primarily on cotton
and cereals, supplemented with horticulture
and viticulture
. Surxondaryo is the country's largest supplier of long-fiber cotton. Livestock accounts for 40% of regional agricultural product. The climatic conditions of this region also make it possible to cultivate subtropical crops such as sugarcane
.
The province has a well-developed transport infrastructure, with 300 km of railways and 2,700 km of surfaced roads. Central Asia
's only river port is located at Termez on the Amudarya River.
rather than the Tajik SSR
in 1929, as that province, as well as the areas of Bukhara
and Samarkand
, had sizeable, if not dominant, Tajik populations.
Main characteristics of agriculture in Surxondaryo Province
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
, located in the extreme south-east of the country. Established on March 6, 1941, it borders on Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
, Tajikstan, Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
and Qashqadaryo Province
Qashqadaryo Province
Qashqadaryo Province , is a viloyat of Uzbekistan, located in the southern part of the country in the basin of the Qashqadaryo River and the western slopes of the Pamir Mountains. It borders with Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Samarqand Province, Buxoro Province and Surxondaryo Province. It covers...
. It covers an area of 20,100 km². The population is estimated at 1,925,100 (end of 2005 data), with 80% living in rural areas. According to official data, 83% of the population are Uzbeks and 1% Tajiks. The highest point of Province and also of Uzbekistan is Khazrati Sulton peak reaching 4,643 m/15,233 ft in Gissar Range.
The provincial capital is Termez
Termez
Termez is a city in southern Uzbekistan near the border with Afghanistan.Some link the name of the city to thermos, "hot" in Greek, tracing its name back to Alexander the Great. Others suggest that it came from Sanskrit taramato, meaning "on the river bank". It is the hottest point of Uzbekistan...
with population of 122,900 and the second largest city is Denov
Denov
Denov is a city in Surxondaryo Province, Uzbekistan. With 69,500 inhabitants , the it is the second largest city of the province.-References:...
(Denau) with 69,500 inhabitants (data for 2005). Other major towns include Boysun
Boysun
The Boysun territory is located on the ridge of Boysuntog - the southwest spur of the Gissar Mountains in the district of Boysun, Uzbekistan. The sites of Boysun, which is under consideration for inscription as a UNESCO World Heritageg site, are both cultural and natural...
, Jarqo‘rg‘on, Qumqo‘rg‘on, Shargun, Sherobod, Sho‘rchi, and Sariosiyo
Sariosiyo
Sariosiyo district or Sariosiyo tumani is a district in Surxondaryo Province, Uzbekistan. Its capital is the town of Sariosiyo....
.
The climate is typical continental
Continental climate
Continental climate is a climate characterized by important annual variation in temperature due to the lack of significant bodies of water nearby...
with mild wet winters and hot dry summers. The southern part of the province is in the Badkhiz-Karabil semi-desert ecoregion (PA0808), characterized by a savanna of pistachio and desert sedge. The northern portion is characterized by open woodlands (Gissaro-Alai open woodlands ecoregion, PA1306), with characteristic plants being pistachio, almond, walnut, apple, and juniper. Sagebrush is common at lower elevations [the cited link does not lead to this information: need a direct link]
Natural resources
Natural Resources
Natural Resources is a soul album released by Motown girl group Martha Reeves and the Vandellas in 1970 on the Gordy label. The album is significant for the Vietnam War ballad "I Should Be Proud" and the slow jam, "Love Guess Who"...
include petroleum
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...
, natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons . It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural...
, and coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
. Light industry
Light industry
Light industry is usually less capital intensive than heavy industry, and is more consumer-oriented than business-oriented...
, mainly cotton ginning and food processing
Food processing
Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by humans or animals either in the home or by the food processing industry...
, is also an important part of the provincial economy, particularly in the production of consumer goods. Agriculture is based primarily on cotton
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
and cereals, supplemented with horticulture
Horticulture
Horticulture is the industry and science of plant cultivation including the process of preparing soil for the planting of seeds, tubers, or cuttings. Horticulturists work and conduct research in the disciplines of plant propagation and cultivation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic...
and viticulture
Viticulture
Viticulture is the science, production and study of grapes which deals with the series of events that occur in the vineyard. When the grapes are used for winemaking, it is also known as viniculture...
. Surxondaryo is the country's largest supplier of long-fiber cotton. Livestock accounts for 40% of regional agricultural product. The climatic conditions of this region also make it possible to cultivate subtropical crops such as sugarcane
Sugarcane
Sugarcane refers to any of six to 37 species of tall perennial grasses of the genus Saccharum . Native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia, they have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sugar, and measure two to six metres tall...
.
The province has a well-developed transport infrastructure, with 300 km of railways and 2,700 km of surfaced roads. Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
's only river port is located at Termez on the Amudarya River.
History
Bitter debates accompanied the Soviet allocation of Surkhandarya Province to the Uzbek SSRUzbek SSR
The Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Uzbek SSR for short, was one of the republics of the Soviet Union since its creation in 1924...
rather than the Tajik SSR
Tajik SSR
The Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic , also known as the Tajik SSR for short, was one of the 15 republics that made up the Soviet Union. Located in Central Asia, the Tajik SSR was created on 5 December 1929 as a national entity for the Tajik people within the Soviet Union...
in 1929, as that province, as well as the areas of Bukhara
Bukhara
Bukhara , from the Soghdian βuxārak , is the capital of the Bukhara Province of Uzbekistan. The nation's fifth-largest city, it has a population of 263,400 . The region around Bukhara has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time...
and Samarkand
Samarkand
Although a Persian-speaking region, it was not united politically with Iran most of the times between the disintegration of the Seleucid Empire and the Arab conquest . In the 6th century it was within the domain of the Turkic kingdom of the Göktürks.At the start of the 8th century Samarkand came...
, had sizeable, if not dominant, Tajik populations.
Districts
The provinces is divided into 14 districts (tumans):| District name | District capital | |
| 1 | Angor | Angor |
| 2 | Bandikhon | Bandikhon |
| 3 | Boysun | Boysun |
| 4 | Denov (Denau) | Denov (Denau) |
| 5 | Jarkurghon (Jarqo‘rg‘on) | Jarkurghon |
| 6 | Kizirik (Qiziriq) | Sariq |
| 7 | Kumkurghon (Qumqo‘rg‘on) | Kumkurghon |
| 8 | Muzrabot | Khalkobod (Khalkabad) |
| 9 | Oltinsoy | Qarluq |
| 10 | Sariosiyo Sariosiyo Sariosiyo district or Sariosiyo tumani is a district in Surxondaryo Province, Uzbekistan. Its capital is the town of Sariosiyo.... |
Sariosiyo |
| 11 | Termiz | Termiz (Termez) |
| 12 | Uzun | Uzun |
| 13 | Sherobod | Sherobod |
| 14 | Shurchi (Sho‘rchi) | Shurchi |
Agriculture (2005 data)
Agriculture accounts for 42% of total employment in Surxondaryo Province and produces 8% of Uzbekistan’s agricultural output. Agricultural production is 56% crops and 44% livestock (like the country’s average). Milk yields are less than 1,700 kg per cow per year, on a par with the national average.Main characteristics of agriculture in Surxondaryo Province
| Surxondaryo | Percent of national total |
|
| Sown area | 278,100 ha | 8 |
| Cereals | 45% | 8 |
| Cotton | 45% | 8 |
| Potatoes, vegetables | 5% | 7 |
| Feed crops | 5% | 5 |
| Fruit orchards | 12,600 ha | 6 |
| Vineyards | 8,400 ha | 6 |
| Cattle | 531,100 head | 8 |
| Cows | 241,900 head | 9 |
| Sheep, goats | 1,253,500 head | 11 |
External links
- Surxondaryo Province official web site (Russian).
- Map of Surxondaryo Province (Russian).
