Székely
Encyclopedia
The Székelys or Székely (ˈseːkɛj), sometimes also referred to as Szeklers , are a subgroup of the Hungarian people living mostly in the Székely Land
, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania
, Romania
. A significant population descending from the Székelys of Bukovina
lives in Tolna
and Baranya counties in Hungary
and in certain districts of Vojvodina
, Serbia
.
In the Middle Ages
, the Székelys, along with the Saxons
, played a key role in the defense of the Kingdom of Hungary
against the Ottomans in their posture of guards of the eastern border. With the Treaty of Trianon
of 1920, Transylvania
(including Székely Land
) became part of Romania, and the Székely population was a target of Romanianization
efforts. In post-Cold War Romania, where the Székelys form roughly a third of the ethnic Hungarian population, members of the group have been among the most vocal of Hungarians seeking an autonomous
Hungarian region in Transylvania
. They were estimated to number about 860,000 in the 1970s and are officially recognized as a distinct minority group by the Romanian government
Today's Székely Land
roughly correponds to the Romania
n counties of Harghita
, Covasna
and Mureş
. Based on official 2002 Romanian census numbers, 1,434,377 ethnic Hungarians live in Romania, mostly in Transylvania
. Of these, about 665,000 live in the counties of Harghita, Covasna
and Mureş
, which taken together have a Székely majority (59%). The Székelys therefore account for a significant part (45%) of the Hungarians in Romania
. When given the choice on the 2002 Romanian census
between ethnically identifying as Székely or as Hungarian, the overwhelming majority of Székely chose the latter. Only 532 persons declared themselves as ethnic Székely.
The Székelys were regarded as the finest warriors of medieval Transylvania. They were considered a distinct ethnic group (natio Siculica) and were part of the Unio Trium Nationum
("Union of Three Nations"), a coalition of three Transylvanian Estates
, the other two nations being the (also predominantly Hungarian) nobility and the “Saxon” (that is, ethnic German) burghers. These three nations ruled Transylvania, usually in harmony though sometimes in conflict with one another. During the Long War
, the Székelys formed an alliance with Prince Michael the Brave of Wallachia
against the army of Andrew Cardinal Báthory, recently appointed Prince of Transylvania
.
The origin of the Székelys has been much debated. It is now generally accepted that they are descendants of Hungarians (or of Magyarized Turkic peoples
) transplanted to the eastern Carpathians to guard the frontier, their name meaning simply “frontier guards”. Their organization was historically of the Turkic type, and they are probably of at least partially Turkic
stock. There is historical evidence that the Székelys were part of the Avar
confederation during the so-called Dark Ages, but this does not mean that they were ethnically Avar. By the 11th century they had adopted the Hungarian language.
There are various ideas about Székely ancestry:
The Sun and Moon are the symbols of the Székely, and are used in the coat of arms of Transylvania and on the Romanian national coat of arms
. The Sun and Moon symbols represented proto-Hungarian gods. After the Hungarians became Christian
s in the 11th century, the importance of these icons became purely visual and symbolic. Their original religious significance was lost. The Székelys have succeeded in preserving traditions to an extent unusual even in Central and Eastern Europe. The most comprehensive description of the Székely Land and its traditions was written between 1859-1868 by Balázs Orbán
in his Description of the Székely Land.
The Székely live mainly in Harghita, Covasna and Mureş counties. They form a majority of the population in the counties of Covasna and Harghita. From the late twentieth century onward, many Székelys have migrated to Hungary, with smaller numbers establishing themselves in other European countries.
The relatively small and isolated Székely population on the border of Cluj County
and Alba County
(former Aranyosszék) assimilated more significantly during the 20th century than inhabitants of the more concentrated Székely areas. They are estimated to be less than 20,000 today. The Székelys of Bukovina
, today settled mostly in Vojvodina and southern Hungary, form a culturally separate group with its own history.
There were szekely autonomous regions from 1952-1968. First the Magyar Autonomous Region was created in 1952. Ever since the abolition of the Hungarian Autonomous Province
by the Ceauşescu
regime in 1968, some of the Székely have pressed for their autonomy to be restored. Several proposals have been discussed within the Székely Hungarian community and by the Romanian majority. One of the Székely autonomy initiatives
is based on the model of the Spanish autonomous community
of Catalonia
.
A major peaceful demonstration was held in 2006 in favor of autonomy.
's novel Dracula
, Count Dracula
regards himself as a Székely, and very explicitly presents them as a separate nation from the Hungarians. He describes a history for his people, claiming a descent both from the Huns and also from an "Ugric tribe from Iceland
". He even goes so far as to claim that "after the battle of Mohacs
, we threw off the Hungarian yoke". However, this version of Székely history owes far more to the imagination of Bram Stoker than to any historical fact. The historical Vlad III Dracula was actually a Vlach leader of Wallachia
, and Iceland was never settled by any Finno-Ugric peoples; only Vikings and Irish
. However, as Bram Stoker's Dracula is never explicitly connected to the Vlach Vlad III other than the name Dracul, the fact that Dracula states he is a Székely clearly separates the historical inspiration from the fictional vampire.
Far more accurate in their depictions of the Székely are the novels of Tamási Áron, a twentieth-century writer from Farkaslaka who set universal stories of love and self-individuation against the backdrop of Székely village culture.
Székely Land
The Székely Land or Szekler Land refers to the territories inhabited mainly by the Székely, a Hungarian-speaking ethnic group from eastern Transylvania...
, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
. A significant population descending from the Székelys of Bukovina
Székelys of Bukovina
The Székelys of Bukovina are a small Hungarian ethnic community with a complex history. They live today in the Tolna and Baranya counties of Hungary, in Hunedoara County in Romania and in the Serbian province of Vojvodina.-Origins:...
lives in Tolna
Tolna (county)
Tolna is the name of an administrative county in present Hungary and in the former Kingdom of Hungary. It lies in central Hungary, on the west bank of the river Danube. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Fejér, Bács-Kiskun, and Baranya. The capital of Tolna county is Szekszárd...
and Baranya counties in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
and in certain districts of Vojvodina
Vojvodina
Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
, Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
.
In the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
, the Székelys, along with the Saxons
Transylvanian Saxons
The Transylvanian Saxons are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania from the 12th century onwards.The colonization of Transylvania by Germans was begun by King Géza II of Hungary . For decades, the main task of the German settlers was to defend the southeastern border of the...
, played a key role in the defense of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
against the Ottomans in their posture of guards of the eastern border. With the Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary . The treaty greatly redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from to...
of 1920, Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
(including Székely Land
Székely Land
The Székely Land or Szekler Land refers to the territories inhabited mainly by the Székely, a Hungarian-speaking ethnic group from eastern Transylvania...
) became part of Romania, and the Székely population was a target of Romanianization
Romanianization
Romanianization or Rumanization is the term used to describe a number of ethnic assimilation policies implemented by the Romanian authorities during the 20th century...
efforts. In post-Cold War Romania, where the Székelys form roughly a third of the ethnic Hungarian population, members of the group have been among the most vocal of Hungarians seeking an autonomous
Autonomy
Autonomy is a concept found in moral, political and bioethical philosophy. Within these contexts, it is the capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-coerced decision...
Hungarian region in Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
. They were estimated to number about 860,000 in the 1970s and are officially recognized as a distinct minority group by the Romanian government
Today's Székely Land
Székely Land
The Székely Land or Szekler Land refers to the territories inhabited mainly by the Székely, a Hungarian-speaking ethnic group from eastern Transylvania...
roughly correponds to the Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
n counties of Harghita
Harghita County
Harghita is a county in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea-Ciuc.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 326,222 and a population density of 52/km².*Hungarians- 85%...
, Covasna
Covasna County
Covasna is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Sfântu Gheorghe.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 222,449 and the population density was 60/km².*Hungarians – 73.79% *Romanians – 23.28%...
and Mureş
Mures County
Mureș is a county of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș.-Geography:The county has a total area of 6,714 km²....
. Based on official 2002 Romanian census numbers, 1,434,377 ethnic Hungarians live in Romania, mostly in Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
. Of these, about 665,000 live in the counties of Harghita, Covasna
Covasna
Covasna is a town in Covasna county, Transylvania, Romania, at an altitude of 550–600 m.Known as the "town of 1,000 mineral springs," Covasna is famous for its mineral waters. Each spring has a different mixture of minerals, chiefly carbon dioxide, sulfur, and ammonia...
and Mureş
Mures County
Mureș is a county of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș.-Geography:The county has a total area of 6,714 km²....
, which taken together have a Székely majority (59%). The Székelys therefore account for a significant part (45%) of the Hungarians in Romania
Hungarians in Romania
The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania, consisting of 1,431,807 people and making up 6.6% of the total population, according to the 2002 census....
. When given the choice on the 2002 Romanian census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
between ethnically identifying as Székely or as Hungarian, the overwhelming majority of Székely chose the latter. Only 532 persons declared themselves as ethnic Székely.
History
Unio Trium Nationum
Unio Trium Nationum Unio Trium Nationum Unio Trium Nationum (Latin for "Union of the Three Nations" was a pact of mutual aid formed in 1438 by three Estates of Transylvania: the (largely Hungarian) nobility, the Saxon (i.e. German) burghers, and the free Szeklers...
("Union of Three Nations"), a coalition of three Transylvanian Estates
Estates of the realm
The Estates of the realm were the broad social orders of the hierarchically conceived society, recognized in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period in Christian Europe; they are sometimes distinguished as the three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and commoners, and are often referred to by...
, the other two nations being the (also predominantly Hungarian) nobility and the “Saxon” (that is, ethnic German) burghers. These three nations ruled Transylvania, usually in harmony though sometimes in conflict with one another. During the Long War
Long War (Ottoman wars)
The Long War took place from 1591 or 1593 to 1604 or 1606 and was one of the numerous military conflicts between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire that developed after the Battle of Mohács.- History :The major participants of this war were the Habsburg Monarchy ,...
, the Székelys formed an alliance with Prince Michael the Brave of Wallachia
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...
against the army of Andrew Cardinal Báthory, recently appointed Prince of Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
.
Origins
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...
) transplanted to the eastern Carpathians to guard the frontier, their name meaning simply “frontier guards”. Their organization was historically of the Turkic type, and they are probably of at least partially Turkic
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...
stock. There is historical evidence that the Székelys were part of the Avar
Eurasian Avars
The Eurasian Avars or Ancient Avars were a highly organized nomadic confederacy of mixed origins. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit entourage of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turko-Mongol groups...
confederation during the so-called Dark Ages, but this does not mean that they were ethnically Avar. By the 11th century they had adopted the Hungarian language.
There are various ideas about Székely ancestry:
- The Székelys have historically claimed descent from AttilaAttila the HunAttila , more frequently referred to as Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire, which stretched from the Ural River to the Rhine River and from the Danube River to the Baltic Sea. During his reign he was one of the most feared...
's Huns (repeated in Procopius’ De bello Gothico), and believed they played a special role in shaping Hungary. Ancient legends recount that a contingent of Huns remained in Transylvania, later allying with the main Magyar army that invaded Pannonia in the ninth century. - After the theory of Hunnic descent lost scholarly currency in the twentieth century, some scholars suggested that the Székelys were simply Magyars, like other Hungarians, transplanted in the Middle Ages to guard the frontiers. In this case, their strong cultural differences from other Hungarians stem from centuries of relative isolation in the mountains.
- Some scholars believe there was a two-fold Hungarian migration to Transylvania and the Pannonian Plain, one prior to the main Magyar conquest of the Pannonian Plain in 896. According to this theory, the Székelys are a Hungarian group that settled in Transylvania during this first migration.
- A Y-chromosome DNADNADeoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
study of former Bukovina Székely families shows their male genetic ancestry to be typical of southeast Europe. This study suggests the mix of DNA ancestries pre-dates formation of language differentiation in these regions. - Other theories have suggested AvarEurasian AvarsThe Eurasian Avars or Ancient Avars were a highly organized nomadic confederacy of mixed origins. They were ruled by a khagan, who was surrounded by a tight-knit entourage of nomad warriors, an organization characteristic of Turko-Mongol groups...
, GepidGepidThe Gepids were an East Germanic tribe who were closely related to the Goths. The Gepids were recorded in the area along the southern Baltic coast in the 1st century AD, having migrated there from southern Sweden some years earlier...
, or TurkicTurkic peoplesThe Turkic peoples are peoples residing in northern, central and western Asia, southern Siberia and northwestern China and parts of eastern Europe. They speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family. They share, to varying degrees, certain cultural traits and historical backgrounds...
ancestry. Some historians have dated the Székely presence in the Eastern CarpathiansCarpathian MountainsThe Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe...
as early as the fifth century. - A small number of scholars believe that they are related to Scythians who may have joined the Magyars on their trek westward and assimilated into the early Hungarian culture.
Symbols
Coat of arms of Romania
The coat of arms of Romania was adopted in the Romanian Parliament on 10 September 1992 as a representative coat of arms for Romania. It is based on the Lesser Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Romania , redesigned by Victor Dima. As a central element it shows a golden aquila holding a cross in its...
. The Sun and Moon symbols represented proto-Hungarian gods. After the Hungarians became Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
s in the 11th century, the importance of these icons became purely visual and symbolic. Their original religious significance was lost. The Székelys have succeeded in preserving traditions to an extent unusual even in Central and Eastern Europe. The most comprehensive description of the Székely Land and its traditions was written between 1859-1868 by Balázs Orbán
Balázs Orbán
Balázs Orbán was a Hungarian writer, historian and politician.He was born in Lengyelfalva, Grand Principality of Transylvania and died in in Budapest....
in his Description of the Székely Land.
Population by county
| County | Székely | % of county population | % of worldwide Székely population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harghita Harghita County Harghita is a county in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea-Ciuc.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 326,222 and a population density of 52/km².*Hungarians- 85%... |
275,841 | 84.6% | 32.7% |
| Covasna Covasna County Covasna is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Sfântu Gheorghe.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 222,449 and the population density was 60/km².*Hungarians – 73.79% *Romanians – 23.28%... |
164,055 | 73.8% | 19.4% |
| Mureş Mures County Mureș is a county of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș.-Geography:The county has a total area of 6,714 km².... |
227,673 | 39.2% | 26.9% |
The relatively small and isolated Székely population on the border of Cluj County
Cluj County
Cluj ; is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Cluj-Napoca.-Demographics:In 2007, it had a population of 692,316 and a population density of 104/km².*Romanians – 80%*Hungarians – 17.5%*Roma – 2.5%-Geography:...
and Alba County
Alba County
Alba is a county of Romania, in Transylvania, its capital city being Alba-Iulia with a population of 66,406.- Demographics :In 2002, it had a population of 382,747 and the population density was 61/km².* Romanians - 90.4%* Hungarians - 5.4%...
(former Aranyosszék) assimilated more significantly during the 20th century than inhabitants of the more concentrated Székely areas. They are estimated to be less than 20,000 today. The Székelys of Bukovina
Székelys of Bukovina
The Székelys of Bukovina are a small Hungarian ethnic community with a complex history. They live today in the Tolna and Baranya counties of Hungary, in Hunedoara County in Romania and in the Serbian province of Vojvodina.-Origins:...
, today settled mostly in Vojvodina and southern Hungary, form a culturally separate group with its own history.
Autonomy
Hungarian Autonomous Province
The Magyar Autonomous Region and Mureş-Magyar Autonomous Region were autonomous regions in the People's Republic of Romania .-History:In 1950, Romania adopted a Soviet-style administrative and territorial division of the country into...
by the Ceauşescu
Nicolae Ceausescu
Nicolae Ceaușescu was a Romanian Communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and as such was the country's second and last Communist leader...
regime in 1968, some of the Székely have pressed for their autonomy to be restored. Several proposals have been discussed within the Székely Hungarian community and by the Romanian majority. One of the Székely autonomy initiatives
Székely autonomy initiatives
The Székely Land is a region of central Romania. According to official data from the Romania's 2002 census, 668,471 persons in Mureş, Harghita and Covasna counties consider themselves Hungarian...
is based on the model of the Spanish autonomous community
Autonomous communities of Spain
An autonomous community In other languages of Spain:*Catalan/Valencian .*Galician .*Basque . The second article of the constitution recognizes the rights of "nationalities and regions" to self-government and declares the "indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation".Political power in Spain is...
of Catalonia
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, with the official status of a "nationality" of Spain. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an...
.
A major peaceful demonstration was held in 2006 in favor of autonomy.
Fiction
In Bram StokerBram Stoker
Abraham "Bram" Stoker was an Irish novelist and short story writer, best known today for his 1897 Gothic novel Dracula...
's novel Dracula
Dracula
Dracula is an 1897 novel by Irish author Bram Stoker.Famous for introducing the character of the vampire Count Dracula, the novel tells the story of Dracula's attempt to relocate from Transylvania to England, and the battle between Dracula and a small group of men and women led by Professor...
, Count Dracula
Count Dracula
Count Dracula is a fictional character, the titular antagonist of Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel Dracula and archetypal vampire. Some aspects of his character have been inspired by the 15th century Romanian general and Wallachian Prince Vlad III the Impaler...
regards himself as a Székely, and very explicitly presents them as a separate nation from the Hungarians. He describes a history for his people, claiming a descent both from the Huns and also from an "Ugric tribe from Iceland
Iceland
Iceland , described as the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic and European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Iceland also refers to the main island of the country, which contains almost all the population and almost all the land area. The country has a population...
". He even goes so far as to claim that "after the battle of Mohacs
Battle of Mohács
The Battle of Mohács was fought on August 29, 1526 near Mohács, Hungary. In the battle, forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia were defeated by forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent....
, we threw off the Hungarian yoke". However, this version of Székely history owes far more to the imagination of Bram Stoker than to any historical fact. The historical Vlad III Dracula was actually a Vlach leader of Wallachia
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...
, and Iceland was never settled by any Finno-Ugric peoples; only Vikings and Irish
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...
. However, as Bram Stoker's Dracula is never explicitly connected to the Vlach Vlad III other than the name Dracul, the fact that Dracula states he is a Székely clearly separates the historical inspiration from the fictional vampire.
Far more accurate in their depictions of the Székely are the novels of Tamási Áron, a twentieth-century writer from Farkaslaka who set universal stories of love and self-individuation against the backdrop of Székely village culture.
See also
- Hungarians in RomaniaHungarians in RomaniaThe Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania, consisting of 1,431,807 people and making up 6.6% of the total population, according to the 2002 census....
- List of Székely settlements
- Alexander Csoma de KőrösSándor Korösi CsomaSándor Kőrösi Csoma , born Csoma Sándor, also known as Alexander Csoma de Kőrös, was a Hungarian philologist and orientalist, author of the first Tibetan-English dictionary and grammar book. He was born in Kőrös, Grand Principality of Transylvania...
(Székely origins) - Bertalan SzékelyBertalan SzékelyBertalan Székely was a Hungarian Romantic painter of historical themes. "The Discovery of Louis II's Dead Body", "Women of Eger", "Battle of Mohács", "Ladislas V" are among the most important of his historical paintings. Szekely is also known for his many murals.-External links:* *...
- Edmund Bordeaux SzékelyEdmund Bordeaux SzekelyEdmond Bordeaux Szekely was a Hungarian philologist/linguist, philosopher, psychologist and natural living experimenter.-Life:Szekely's grandfather was Sándor Székely, poet and Unitarian Bishop of Kolozsvár; his mother was French and Roman Catholic, and his father was a Hungarian Unitarian...
- György (Székely) DózsaGyörgy DózsaGyörgy Dózsa was a Székely Hungarian man-at-arms from Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary who led a peasants' revolt against the kingdom's landed nobility...
- Louis C.K.Louis C.K.Louis Szekely , known professionally as Louis C.K., is a stand-up comedian, television and film writer, actor, producer, and director...
(surname Székely) - Rulers of Transylvania Mózes Székely
- Székelys of BukovinaSzékelys of BukovinaThe Székelys of Bukovina are a small Hungarian ethnic community with a complex history. They live today in the Tolna and Baranya counties of Hungary, in Hunedoara County in Romania and in the Serbian province of Vojvodina.-Origins:...
- SkorenovacSkorenovacSkorenovac is a village located in the Kovin municipality, in the South Banat District of Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.-Geography:The closest towns are Kovin , Smederevo , Pančevo , and Belgrade...
(Székelykeve) - Székely LandSzékely LandThe Székely Land or Szekler Land refers to the territories inhabited mainly by the Székely, a Hungarian-speaking ethnic group from eastern Transylvania...
(Székelyföld, Terra Siculorum, Ţinutul Secuiesc) - Székely HimnuszSzékely HimnuszThe Székely Himnusz has been the unofficial national anthem of the Székely Hungarians living in Székely Land in eastern Transylvania and elsewhere in the world...
- Old Hungarian scriptOld Hungarian scriptThe Old Hungarian script is an alphabetic writing system used by the Hungarians before the Middle Ages...
(Székely runes) - Szekler National CouncilSzekler National CouncilThe Szekler National Council is the main political organization representing the Székely of Romania.-History:The Council was founded on October 16, 2003. Its first president was József Csapó, who served until autumn 2006, when he resigned...
- SiculicidiumSiculicidiumThe Massacre at Madéfalva was a mass murder committed against Székelys by the Habsburg army in 1764, under Maria Theresa.-History:...