Sölvesborg
Encyclopedia
Sölvesborg is a locality and the seat of Sölvesborg Municipality
Sölvesborg Municipality
Sölvesborg Municipality is a municipality in Blekinge County in southern Sweden. It borders to Bromölla Municipality, Olofström Municipality and Karlshamn Municipality...

 in Blekinge County
Blekinge County
Blekinge County is a county or län in the south of Sweden. It borders the Counties of Skåne, Kronoberg, Kalmar and the Baltic Sea. The capital is Karlskrona...

, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....

 with 7,883 inhabitants in 2005.

Sölvesborg is, despite its small population, for historical reasons normally still referred to as a city. Statistics Sweden, however, only counts localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants as cities.

History of the city

As the water from the Baltic Ice Lake
Baltic ice lake
The Baltic ice lake is a name given by geologists to a freshwater lake that gradually formed in the Baltic Sea basin as glaciation retreated from that region at the end of the Pleistocene. The lake, dated to 12,600-10,300 BP, is roughly contemporaneous with the three Pleistocene Blytt-Sernander...

 withdrew, the land around present-day Sölvesborg became accessible to settlers from what today is Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...

. The first people to settle were farmer
Farmer
A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, who raises living organisms for food or raw materials, generally including livestock husbandry and growing crops, such as produce and grain...

s; remains of their presence have been found in the area dating back to the stone age
Stone Age
The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric period, lasting about 2.5 million years , during which humans and their predecessor species in the genus Homo, as well as the earlier partly contemporary genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus, widely used exclusively stone as their hard material in the...

, mostly in the area around Gammalstorp
Gammalstorp
Gammalstorp is a minor community in Sölvesborg municipality, Blekinge. Gammalstorp was between 1863 and 1970 a municipality. In contrast to other municipalities of the time , Gammalstorp did not have a particular administrative centre...

, Siretorp and Istaby. The hill in the east, marking the border towards Karlshamn
Karlshamn
Karlshamn is a locality and the seat of Karlshamn Municipality in Blekinge County, Sweden with 12,957 inhabitants of the city core and 30 918 in the municipality ....

 called Ryssberget
Ryssberget
Ryssberget is a hill in the municipality of Sölvesborg, in the southeastern Swedish province of Blekinge. Ryssberget is made up of some of the oldest stone in Blekinge, so-called metavulcanites created about 1700 million years ago....

, was a direct creation of the glacial movements. On the western side of the hill, the different times of ice withdrawal are clearly noticeable. The old, now drained lake of Vesan
Vesan
Lake Vesan: the lake system Vesan in Sölvesborg was from the beginning not a lake, but a strait up until the early 1920s. In the area between Ryssberget and Listerlandet, water from Hanöbukten flowed in and in effect cut of Listerlandet from the rest of the mainland. The sound was open to sail...

 was also a product of the ice age.

The port town of Sölvesborg was founded in the 12th century, between the mountain Ryssberget and the bay to the east (Sölvesborgsviken), but the city itself has grown up around the church, the monastery and later on the castle. The oldest part of the church of Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas , also called Nikolaos of Myra, was a historic 4th-century saint and Greek Bishop of Myra . Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nikolaos the Wonderworker...

 is from the 12th century. In the 14th century, the church formed part of a Carmelite
Carmelites
The Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or Carmelites is a Catholic religious order perhaps founded in the 12th century on Mount Carmel, hence its name. However, historical records about its origin remain uncertain...

 convent
Convent
A convent is either a community of priests, religious brothers, religious sisters, or nuns, or the building used by the community, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Anglican Communion...

. In 1564 Sölvesborg took over the city charter of Elleholm
Elleholm
Former Danish town in Blekinge, Sweden. The town existed between 1450 and 1600, when it was abandoned.The town was based around a former castle, called Sjöborg which today is a Hill fort....

.

At about the same time as the church was built, the castle took shape. The oldest part are slightly younger than the church, and although the earliest days are not well documented, it is supposed that it was originally merely a fortress. The castle came to be extended - both its height as well as the area it covered during the years.

The city was granted its charter
Royal Charter
A royal charter is a formal document issued by a monarch as letters patent, granting a right or power to an individual or a body corporate. They were, and are still, used to establish significant organizations such as cities or universities. Charters should be distinguished from warrants and...

 in 1445 by the Scandinavian
Kalmar Union
The Kalmar Union is a historiographical term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway , and Sweden under a single monarch, though intermittently and with a population...

 king Christopher of Bavaria
Christopher of Bavaria
Christopher of Bavaria or Christopher the Bavarian; as king named Christopher ; Danish and Norwegian: Christoffer af/av Bayern; Swedish Kristofer av Bayern was union king of Denmark , Sweden and Norway .-Biography:He was probably born at Neumarkt in...

.

The history of Sölvesborg is marked by its location on the main road connecting the then Danish districts of Skåne and Blekinge
Blekinge
' is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden , situated in the south of the country. It borders Småland, Scania and the Baltic Sea.The name "Blekinge" comes from the adjective bleke, which corresponds to the nautical term for "dead calm"....

, therefore a fortress was built as Sölvesborg was the main city in the province of Sölvesborg (called Sölvesborgs län
Sölvesborgs län
The administrative region of Sölvesborgs län, with the town ofSölvesborg as the capital, was formed in the late 14th century and lasted until the Danish king Christian IV decided on a new town - Kristianstad after the burning of the old town Vä....

).

The origin of the name Sölvesborg is unclear, but is believed to come from the founder of the castle, Sölfwitz or Sölvitz. The name thus means the castle (Borg) of Sölfwitz. Others claim that the mentioned Sölve might be the Norse Viking King Sölve
Sölve
Sölve was a sea-king who conquered Sweden by burning the Swedish king Östen to death inside his hall.The Heimskringla relates that he was the son Högne of Nærøy, and that he had his home in Jutland...

 or Salve.

During the Middle Ages and well into the 16th century, Sölvesborg marked a strategic city in the west, together with the easternmost city - Kristianopel
Kristianopel
Kristianopel is a village in Karlskrona Municipality in the southeastern Swedish province of Blekinge.-History of the town:Kristianopel is located in the easternmost part of Blekinge, which was the easternmost part of Denmark in beginning of the 17th century...

. During its heyday, the city came to host many of the ruling Danes when they came to visit the town. One notable character to inherit the Sölvesborg castle, was Sören Norby, which he was granted after his leaving Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....

, as he had fell out of favour with the Swedish king, Gustav Vasa
Gustav I of Sweden
Gustav I of Sweden, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known simply as Gustav Vasa , was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death....

.

With the Danish king Christian IV, change came to be. The old town west to Sölvesborg,
Vä is a former town in Scania, now a village in the municipality of Kristianstad, ca 5 km south west of the town of Kristianstad. The name stems from the old danish word wæ, meaning cult place or holy ground....

, was burnt down during the wars with Sweden and Christian wanted to replace it with a new one – Christianstad (the city of Christian). In order to accomplish this, the trade privileges for Vä and Sölvesborg were withdrawn and given to Kristianstad
Kristianstad
Kristianstad is a city and the seat of Kristianstad Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 35,711 inhabitants in 2010.-History:The city was founded in 1614 by King Christian IV of Denmark, the city's name literally means 'Town of Christian', as a planned city after the burning of the town of Vä...

. The city thus became less important and subsequently fell behind. Some minor production, such as a Faience
Faience
Faience or faïence is the conventional name in English for fine tin-glazed pottery on a delicate pale buff earthenware body, originally associated with Faenza in northern Italy. The invention of a white pottery glaze suitable for painted decoration, by the addition of an oxide of tin to the slip...

 factory between 1773 and 1798 made no major impressions.

The castle was abandoned after the Danish defeat to the Swedes at the battle of Knäred in 1637. Rather than letting the Swedes seize the castle, the foreman of the castle decided that it should be burnt. Today, nothing but ruins remain, but the old castle in Bäckaskog
Bäckaskog
Bäckaskog is a locality situated in Kristianstad Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden, between Ivö Lake and Oppmanna Lake, with 293 inhabitants in 2010.The village has developed around the castle and the Premonstratensian monastery...

 is of the same age and of similar construction.

The now defunct city privileges were not restored until in 1841, by the Swedish king Carl XIV.

Industries

In the 18th century, a porcelain
Porcelain
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between and...

 factory was established in 1773 by Baron Erik Gabriel Sparre. The porcelain produced here is referred to as faience
Faience
Faience or faïence is the conventional name in English for fine tin-glazed pottery on a delicate pale buff earthenware body, originally associated with Faenza in northern Italy. The invention of a white pottery glaze suitable for painted decoration, by the addition of an oxide of tin to the slip...

, and the production was spread around Sweden. The factory remained for only a few decades and production was cancelled in 1790. In 1901, a glass factory was established. In order to provide the factory with sand, a train line was built after a private initiative, to Olofström
Olofström
Olofström is a locality and the seat of Olofström Municipality in Blekinge County, Sweden with 7,382 inhabitants in 2005.The increased use of cars in the 1950s and 60s was the great boost for the municipality...

 and Älmhult
Älmhult
Älmhult is a locality and the seat of Älmhult Municipality in Kronoberg County, Sweden with 8,518 inhabitants in 2005.It was in Älmhult that the first IKEA store was built, and IKEA still has a large corporate presence here....

. The glass factory closed in 1982. In the same era, a shipping dock was opened and remained in the city until 1982.

Today, little of the old, traditional industries remain. Instead, the city relies on work commuters
Commuting
Commuting is regular travel between one's place of residence and place of work or full time study. It sometimes refers to any regular or often repeated traveling between locations when not work related.- History :...

 and small scale industries, as well as tourism
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...

. Outside the city, the fishing industry, especially in the harbour towns of Djupekås, Hällevik
Hällevik
Hällevik is a locality situated in Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 776 inhabitants in 2005.The Hällevik arboretum is situated in the northern part of the Stenshuvud National park . It contains matured trees and shrubs from other countries . At the turn of the century the...

 and Nogersund
Nogersund
Nogersund is a locality situated in Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 532 inhabitants in 2005....

 are important employers. In Norje
Norje
Norje is a locality situated in Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 674 inhabitants in 2005.Since 1998, the rock/metal festival Sweden Rock Festival is being held here....

 a chicken production is in place as an important local industry. Also the neighouring paper mills of Mörrum
Mörrum
Mörrum is the second largest locality situated in Karlshamn Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 3,655 inhabitants in 2005.- References :...

 (Södra Cell) and Nymölla
Nymölla
Nymölla is a locality situated in Bromölla Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 294 inhabitants in 2005....

 are notable.

Transport and connections

Sölvesborg got its first railroad connections in the late 19th century, firstly to Karlshamn and Kristianstad and later on extended to Karlskrona in the east. This today is the only remaining railroad connection and is now connecting Karlskrona
Karlskrona
Karlskrona is a locality and the seat of Karlskrona Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 35,212 inhabitants in 2010. It is also the capital of Blekinge County. Karlskrona is known as Sweden's only baroque city and is host to Sweden's only remaining naval base and the headquarters of the...

 in the east with Malmö
Malmö
Malmö , in the southernmost province of Scania, is the third most populous city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg.Malmö is the seat of Malmö Municipality and the capital of Skåne County...

 and Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...

 in the west.

In 1910 the railroad connections were extended to Listerlandet, the countryside surrounding Sölvesborg and connecting the town to the neighbouring municipality of Mjällby
Mjällby
Mjällby is a locality situated in Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 1,272 inhabitants in 2005. It is located on the Listerlandet peninsula....

 and ending in Hörvik
Hörvik
Hörvik is a locality situated in Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 776 inhabitants in 2005....

. This railroad continued to run up until the 1950s.

Private investments saw to it that a new railroad was built between Sölvesborg and Älmhult
Älmhult
Älmhult is a locality and the seat of Älmhult Municipality in Kronoberg County, Sweden with 8,518 inhabitants in 2005.It was in Älmhult that the first IKEA store was built, and IKEA still has a large corporate presence here....

 (city of IKEA
IKEA
IKEA is a privately held, international home products company that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture such as beds and desks, appliances and home accessories. The company is the world's largest furniture retailer...

) (the Sölvesborg-Olofström-Elmhult-Järnväg and on this route the first and longest natural tunnel, and also the only railway tunnel in Scania
Scania
Scania is the southernmost of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden, constituting a peninsula on the southern tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, and some adjacent islands. The modern administrative subdivision Skåne County is almost, but not totally, congruent with the...

, came to place of its time near Barnakälla. Today, only half of the railroad remains and only industrial traffic between Olofström
Olofström
Olofström is a locality and the seat of Olofström Municipality in Blekinge County, Sweden with 7,382 inhabitants in 2005.The increased use of cars in the 1950s and 60s was the great boost for the municipality...

 and Älmhult
Älmhult
Älmhult is a locality and the seat of Älmhult Municipality in Kronoberg County, Sweden with 8,518 inhabitants in 2005.It was in Älmhult that the first IKEA store was built, and IKEA still has a large corporate presence here....

.

The major road connection is the E22
European route E22
The European route E 22 is one of the longest European routes. It has a length of about . Many of the E-roads have been extended into Asia since the year 2000; the E 22 was extended on 24 June 2002.-United Kingdom:...

 (E66
European route E66
European route E 66 is a part of the inter-European road system. This Class A intermediate west-east route is long and it connects the Alps with the Pannonian plain.-Itinerary:The E 66 routes through three European countries:* Italy...

 up until 1994). Between 1993 and 1999 Sölvesborg and Wolgast
Wolgast
Wolgast is a town in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the bank of the river Peenestrom, vis-a-vis the island of Usedom that can be accessed by road and railway via a bascule bridge...

 in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 had hover boat traffic during the summer months (May to August).

Sölvesborg still retains its picturesque street structure, unlike many other Swedish cities. Even after a near total fire in 1801, when the entire city except the church burnt down, it was decided to retain it instead of adapting a grid pattern.

Sights

Apart from the aforementioned Ryssberget
Ryssberget
Ryssberget is a hill in the municipality of Sölvesborg, in the southeastern Swedish province of Blekinge. Ryssberget is made up of some of the oldest stone in Blekinge, so-called metavulcanites created about 1700 million years ago....

, the countryside villages outside of Sölvesborg are very scenic. In July, the village of Krokås hosts the day of eel fishing (Ålafiskets dag).

In central Sölvesborg, the twin hills of Kanehall and Vitehall, which up until the 18th century were magnificent lookout points, are still worth a visit as they are located in the beech
Beech
Beech is a genus of ten species of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America.-Habit:...

 tree forest, one of Europe's largest coherent beech tree forest. Today, visitors need to go further upp Ryssberget to get the same view, as the trees have grown tall. Before reaching Kanehall and Vitehall, the houses on Norregatan should be passed. These houses reflect the old town and was, when the houses were built, an outskirt of the town referred to as the Fattigstaden or The Poor people's town. The town centre itself is a good example of the Medieval town planning of Swedish and Danish towns.

Other notable visits include the Nicolai Church, whose oldest part stem from the 12th century and the runestones in and outside the church. The best preserved runestone is the stone located inside the church. The Museum and Gallery, located in the harbour in old warehouses are worth a visit. The museum reflects the history of the city, from the early settlements to the early 20th Century. The Gallery shows local artists mainly.

In 1985, SR International - Radio Sweden
SR International - Radio Sweden
SR International - Radio Sweden is Sweden's official international broadcasting station.-History:SR International is part of Sveriges Radio , Sweden's non-commercial public-radio broadcasting organization. The service was founded in 1938, at the approach of World War II, as a way of keeping Swedes...

 established a powerful medium-wave radio transmission facility at Sölvesborg
Sölvesborg medium wave transmitter
The Sölvesborg mediumwave transmitter is a radio station at Björkenabben on the peninsula Listerlandet, inaugurated 30 May 1985.The station most recently transmitted on 1179 kHz, used by Radio Sweden International , and is owned by Teracom.-Technical specifications:The station is situated outside...

. Broadcasting international programming to a large area of Europe, its twin antenna towers, located some 10 km from the town of Sölvesborg itself, are notable local landmarks.

During the summer period, a visit to one of the many beach
Beach
A beach is a geological landform along the shoreline of an ocean, sea, lake or river. It usually consists of loose particles which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles or cobblestones...

es is well worth. Notable beaches are Sandviken
Sandviken, Blekinge
Sandviken, together with the neighbouring town of Västra Näs, is one of the many minor communities and beaches of Sölvesborg in southeastern Sweden. Historically, this part of the Listerlandet was the first place to be inhabited, when the first settlers arrived to this part of Sweden in the Nordic...

, Tredenborg
Tredenborg
Tredenborg is a minor locality with a population of 100 inhabitants in Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County in southern Sweden. Today, the area is populated mostly with summer cottages and a camping site. The locality had a ferry connection with Västra Näs, Sandviken up until the mid 1950's,...

 and Hällevik
Hällevik
Hällevik is a locality situated in Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 776 inhabitants in 2005.The Hällevik arboretum is situated in the northern part of the Stenshuvud National park . It contains matured trees and shrubs from other countries . At the turn of the century the...

.

Sports

The following sports clubs are located in Sölvesborg:
  • FC Giffarna
    FC Giffarna
    FC Giffarna is a Swedish football club located in Sölvesborg. -Background:FC Giffarna currently plays in Division 4 Blekinge which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Svarta Led in Sölvesborg....

  • Hörvikens IF
    Hörvikens IF
    Hörvikens IF is a Swedish football club located in Sölvesborg.-Background:Hörvikens IF currently plays in Division 4 Blekinge which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Gröna Vallen in Sölvesborg....

  • Sölvesborgs GoIF
    Sölvesborgs GoIF
    Sölvesborgs GoIF is a Swedish football club located in Sölvesborg in Blekinge.-Background:Sölvesborgs Gymnastik-och Idrottsförening were founded on 13 October 1915....


External links

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