TMS5220
Encyclopedia
Digital signal processor
A digital signal processor is a specialized microprocessor with an architecture optimized for the fast operational needs of digital signal processing.-Typical characteristics:...
ICs created by Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments Inc. , widely known as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, United States, which develops and commercializes semiconductor and computer technology...
beginning in 1978. They continued to be developed and marketed for many years, though the speech department moved around several times within TI
Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments Inc. , widely known as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, United States, which develops and commercializes semiconductor and computer technology...
, until finally the speech department dissolved in late 2001. The rights to the MSP line, the last remaining line of TI speech products as of 2001, were sold to Sensory Inc. in October 2001.
Theory
Speech data is stored through pitch-excited linear predictive codingLinear predictive coding
Linear predictive coding is a tool used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model...
(PE-LPC), where words are created by a lattice filter, selectably fed by either an excitation ROM
Read-only memory
Read-only memory is a class of storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be modified, or can be modified only slowly or with difficulty, so it is mainly used to distribute firmware .In its strictest sense, ROM refers only...
(containing a glottal pulse waveform) or an LFSR (linear feedback shift register
Linear feedback shift register
A linear feedback shift register is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state.The most commonly used linear function of single bits is XOR...
) noise generator. Linear predictive coding
Linear predictive coding
Linear predictive coding is a tool used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model...
achieves a vast reduction in data volume needed to recreate intelligible speech data.
History
The TMC0280/TMS5100 was the first self-contained LPCLinear predictive coding
Linear predictive coding is a tool used mostly in audio signal processing and speech processing for representing the spectral envelope of a digital signal of speech in compressed form, using the information of a linear predictive model...
speech synthesizer IC
Integrated circuit
An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit is an electronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material...
ever made. It was designed for Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments Inc. , widely known as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, United States, which develops and commercializes semiconductor and computer technology...
by Larry Brantingham, Paul S. Breedlove, Richard H. Wiggins, and Gene A. Frantz and its silicon was laid out by Larry Brantingham. The chip was designed for the 'Spelling Bee' project at TI
Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments Inc. , widely known as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, United States, which develops and commercializes semiconductor and computer technology...
, which later became the Speak & Spell
Speak & Spell (toy)
The Speak & Spell line is a series of electronic handheld educational toys created by Texas Instruments that consist of a speech synthesizer, a keyboard, and a receptor slot to receive one of a collection of ROM game library modules...
. A speech-less 'Spelling B' was released at the same time as the Speak & Spell
Speak & Spell (toy)
The Speak & Spell line is a series of electronic handheld educational toys created by Texas Instruments that consist of a speech synthesizer, a keyboard, and a receptor slot to receive one of a collection of ROM game library modules...
.
All TI LPC speech chips until the TSP50cxx series used PMOS architecture, and LPC-10 encoding in a special TI-specific format.
Chips in the TI LPC speech series were labeled as TMCxxxx or CDxxxx when used by TI's consumer product division, or labeled as TMS5xxx (later TSP5xxx) when sold to 3rd parties.
TI LPC Speech chip family
1978:- TMS5100 (AKA CD2801 AKA TMC0281, internal TI name is '0280' hence chip is sometimes labeled TMC0280): First LPC speech chip. Used a custom 4-bit serial interface using TMS6100TMS6100The Texas Instruments TMS6100 is a 1 or 4-bit serial mask-programmed read-only memory IC. It is a companion chip to the TMS5100, CD2802, TMS5110, TMS5200, and TMS5220 speech synthesizer ICs, and was mask-programmed with LPC data required for a specific product...
or TMS6125 mask ROM ICs; used on all non-super versions of the Speak & SpellSpeak & Spell (toy)The Speak & Spell line is a series of electronic handheld educational toys created by Texas Instruments that consist of a speech synthesizer, a keyboard, and a receptor slot to receive one of a collection of ROM game library modules...
, Speak & MathSpeak & MathThe Speak & Math was a popular and revolutionary electronic toy created by Texas Instruments in 1980. Speak & Math was one of a three-part talking educational toy series that also included Speak & Spell and Speak & Read...
, Speak & ReadSpeak & ReadSpeak & Read was an electronic learning aid made in 1980, by Texas Instruments. Speak and Read was part of a family of learning toys aimed at different subjects, i.e. "Speak & Math" and "Speak and Spell"....
, and the TI Language Translator/Language Tutor. Publicly sold as TMS5100. It was also used on the Byron Petite Electronic Talking Typewriter toy. Superseded in 1979 by TMS5100A and TMS5110.
1979 or 1980:
- TMS5100A: Die shrink of TMS5100. No difference whatsoever in function, supposedly.
- TMS5110: New version of TMS5100, has updated LPC tables (which mostly match 5220, see below). Pin, but not function compatible with TMS5100. Superseded by TMS5110A.
- TMS5200 (AKA CD2501E, internal TI name is '0285' hence chip is sometimes labeled TMC0285): Added 8-bit parallel FIFO interface; designed for use by the TI consumer division for the TI 99/4A speech module; also used on the 4th generation Bally/MidwayMidway GamesMidway Games, Inc. is an American company that was formerly a major video game publisher. Following a bankruptcy filing in 2009, it is no longer active and is in the process of liquidating all of its assets. Midway's titles included Mortal Kombat, Ms.Pac-Man, Spy Hunter, Tron, Rampage, the...
pinballPinballPinball is a type of arcade game, usually coin-operated, where a player attempts to score points by manipulating one or more metal balls on a playfield inside a glass-covered case called a pinball machine. The primary objective of the game is to score as many points as possible...
tables' Squawk and Talk speech board (part number AS-2518-61), on the Environmental cabinet version of the Bally/MidwayMidway GamesMidway Games, Inc. is an American company that was formerly a major video game publisher. Following a bankruptcy filing in 2009, it is no longer active and is in the process of liquidating all of its assets. Midway's titles included Mortal Kombat, Ms.Pac-Man, Spy Hunter, Tron, Rampage, the...
arcade game Discs of TRONDiscs of TronDiscs of Tron is the second arcade game based on 1982 Disney film Tron.-Description:While the first Tron arcade game had several mini-games , Discs of Tron is inspired by the Jai alai sequence in the original 1982 film in which Kevin Flynn is forced to play against Crom, leading to Crom being...
, on (earlier) Apple IIApple IIThe Apple II is an 8-bit home computer, one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products, designed primarily by Steve Wozniak, manufactured by Apple Computer and introduced in 1977...
Echo 2Echo 2The Echo 2 was a speech synthesizer card for the Apple 2 and Apple //c personal computers. The Echo 2 used the TMS5220 speech synthesis chip, which could accept either phonemes or raw LPC data, with resulting higher speech quality.- The Original Echo 2 :...
cards, and on the ZaccariaZaccariaZaccaria is a surname, and may refer to:* Anthony Maria Zaccaria* Bartolomeo Zaccaria* Benedetto I Zaccaria* Benedetto II Zaccaria* Centurione II Zaccaria* Francesco Antonio Zaccaria* Martino Zaccaria* Nicola Zaccaria...
arcade games Jack Rabbit and Money Money. Superseded by TMS5220 in late 1980/1981, and possibly sold as cheap, 'fire-sale' stock in 1982–1983.
1980:
- CD2802: A version of the TMS5100/5110 with different LPC and Chirp tables, not the same as either the TMS5100(A) or TMS5110(A). Used on the Touch and Tell only, never sold outside of the company, except possibly as the little-known "TMS5111".
- TMS5110A (after 1985: TSP5110A): Die shrink of TMS5110, pin and function compatible. Used on at least two home computer products. It was used on the arcade game BagmanBagman (arcade game)Bagman is a platform arcade game released by Valadon Automation in 1982. It was also licensed to Stern for U.S. distribution in the same year. This game was also released for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum home computer systems in 1984 as Gilligan's Gold; it is known in France as Le...
by Valadon Automation, and on the arcade game A.D. 2083A.D. 2083A.D. 2083 is an 8-way scrolling pseudo-3D shoot 'em up arcade game released by Midcoin in 1983, set in 2083 . Gameplay is similar to "Time Pilot", except that enemies can appear from the ground or 'merge' into battle from the distance.-External links:...
by Midcoin. Used on the Chrysler Electronic Voice AlertElectronic Voice AlertThe Electronic Voice Alert, or EVA, was an option available on many Chrysler Corporation K-car-based vehicles in the mid-1980s. Using technology from Texas Instruments similar to what was used in the Speak & Spell, the EVA would automatically lower the radio volume and deliver eleven different...
vehicle monitoring system.
1980 or 1981:
- TMS5220 (AKA CD2805E?): Improved version of the TMS5200, pin but not function compatible (has new LPC tables and a new chirp table); used on (later) Apple IIApple IIThe Apple II is an 8-bit home computer, one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products, designed primarily by Steve Wozniak, manufactured by Apple Computer and introduced in 1977...
Echo 2Echo 2The Echo 2 was a speech synthesizer card for the Apple 2 and Apple //c personal computers. The Echo 2 used the TMS5220 speech synthesis chip, which could accept either phonemes or raw LPC data, with resulting higher speech quality.- The Original Echo 2 :...
cards, (rumor) on the very last run of TI 99/4A speech modules, on the BBC MicroBBC MicroThe BBC Microcomputer System, or BBC Micro, was a series of microcomputers and associated peripherals designed and built by Acorn Computers for the BBC Computer Literacy Project, operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation...
, in Bally/MidwayMidway GamesMidway Games, Inc. is an American company that was formerly a major video game publisher. Following a bankruptcy filing in 2009, it is no longer active and is in the process of liquidating all of its assets. Midway's titles included Mortal Kombat, Ms.Pac-Man, Spy Hunter, Tron, Rampage, the...
's NFL Football arcade game, and in many Atari, Inc. arcade games, including Star WarsStar Wars (arcade game)Star Wars is an arcade game produced by Atari Inc. and released in 1983. The game is a first person space simulator, simulating the attack on the Death Star from the final act of Star Wars - Episode IV: A New Hope...
, FirefoxFirefox (arcade game)Firefox is a single player arcade laserdisc game based on the 1982 Clint Eastwood movie of the same name. It was produced by Atari in 1984 and was Atari's only laserdisc game...
, Return of the JediStar Wars: Return of the Jedi (arcade game)Star Wars: Return of the Jedi is a 1984 Atari arcade game, and the follow-up to the first Star Wars arcade game. The game utilizes raster graphics, rather than vector graphics, which were used for the first and third Atari arcade games based on the Star Wars franchise.-Gameplay:The player takes...
, Road Runner, The Empire Strikes BackStar Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (arcade game)Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back is the sequel to the vector graphics Star Wars arcade game. It was released by Atari Games in 1985 as a conversion kit for the original game. As in Star Wars, the player takes the role of Luke Skywalker in a set of familiar battle sequences in a first-person...
. Later Atari arcade games used the TMS5220C, see below. The TMS5220 was also used on Venture Line's Looping and Sky Bumper, Olympia's Portraits, and ExidyExidyExidy was one of the largest creators of arcade video games during the early period of video games, from 1974 until at least 1986 . The company was founded by H.R."Pete" Kauffman...
's Victory and Victor Banana arcade machines. Superseded by TMS5220C in 1983/1984.
1983:
- TMS5220C (after 1985: TSP5220C): has the two NOP commands the parallel FIFO interface reworked to control speech rate, added external full reset; minor change apparent to the way energy values affect unvoiced frames. Otherwise identical, pin-compatible, and a drop-in replacement to the TMS5220. Used on the AtariAtariAtari is a corporate and brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972. It is currently owned by Atari Interactive, a wholly owned subsidiary of the French publisher Atari, SA . The original Atari, Inc. was founded in 1972 by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney. It was a pioneer in...
arcade games Indiana Jones and the Temple of DoomIndiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (arcade game)Indiana Jones and The Temple of Doom is a 1985 action arcade game developed and published by Atari Games, based on the 1984 film of the same name, the second film in the Indiana Jones franchise...
, 720°720°720 Degrees, or 720°, is a 1986 arcade game by Atari Games. 720°, a skateboarding game, is notable in that along with BMX Simulator, it is one of the first extreme sports video games, and has a unique timed structure that requires the player score points in order to keep the game going...
, GauntletGauntlet (arcade game)Gauntlet is a fantasy-themed hack and slash 1985 arcade game by Atari Games. It is noted as the first class-based multiplayer game. Released during the emergence of popularity of other role-playing games like Dungeons & Dragons, the game was a sensation, being one of the first true dungeon crawl...
, Gauntlet IIGauntlet IIGauntlet II is a 1986 arcade game, the first sequel to the game Gauntlet, released the previous year. Gauntlet II, like its predecessor, is a fantasy-themed hack and slash.-Overview:...
, A.P.B., PaperboyPaperboy (video game)Paperboy is a 1984 arcade game by Atari Games. The players take the role of a paperboy who delivers newspapers along a suburban street on his bicycle. This game was innovative for its theme and novel controls.-Gameplay:...
, RoadBlastersRoadBlastersRoadBlasters is an arcade game released by Atari Games in 1987. In RoadBlasters, the player must navigate a sports car through 50 different rally races, getting to the finish line before running out of fuel.-Object of the game:...
, Vindicators Part II, and finally Escape from the Planet of the Robot MonstersEscape From The Planet Of The Robot MonstersEscape from the Planet of the Robot Monsters is an arcade game developed by Atari Games in 1989. The game is based loosely around the campy science fiction B movies of the 1950s...
. Also used on the IBMIBMInternational Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...
PS/2 Speech Adapter and the PESPESPES may refer to:*Packetized elementary stream, part of the MPEG communication protocol*Party of European Socialists*Payment for ecosystem services*Performance Enhancement Specialist, Issued by National Academy of Sports Medicine...
Speech adapter. Manufactured into the early '90s.
1985:
- TSP50C50: CMOS, uses LPC-12 instead of LPC-10, uses TMS60C20 256Kb/32KiB serial ROM instead of TMS6100TMS6100The Texas Instruments TMS6100 is a 1 or 4-bit serial mask-programmed read-only memory IC. It is a companion chip to the TMS5100, CD2802, TMS5110, TMS5200, and TMS5220 speech synthesizer ICs, and was mask-programmed with LPC data required for a specific product...
. Uses 'D6' LPC tables and chirp tables, which were common for the whole TSP50Cxx series. Has built in low-pass analog filter. Manufactured into the early '90s.
1986:
- TSP50C40 (later MSP50C40): TSP50C50 plus a simple 8-bit microcontroller with on-chip mask ROM. Was used in a number of TI's consumer division products. was named CM54129/CM54169 for the speak&music.
1987 and later:
- Several other TSP50Cxx products, which added more ROM/ram, did away with the serial interface entirely, etc. One even did LPC-10 and had support for the old TMS5220 ROMs, supposedly.
- After about 1997, the TSP non-microcontroller line was phased out in favor of the MSP line, which had microcontrollers. In October 2001, the rights to the MSP line of chips was sold by TI to Sensory Inc. Sensory rebranded the chips as the Sensory SC-6x line.
- In October 2007, Sensory announced it would no longer accept new mask submissions for the SC-6x line. Orders for chips with existing masks will continue to be accepted for at least the next year.
The companion devices to ALL versions of the speech chip were the custom 4-bit-interfaced 128Kbit (16KiB) TMS6100
TMS6100
The Texas Instruments TMS6100 is a 1 or 4-bit serial mask-programmed read-only memory IC. It is a companion chip to the TMS5100, CD2802, TMS5110, TMS5200, and TMS5220 speech synthesizer ICs, and was mask-programmed with LPC data required for a specific product...
NL (AKA TMC0350) and 32Kbit (4KiB) TMS6125NL (aka TMC0355 aka TMS7125) read-only memories
Read-only memory
Read-only memory is a class of storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be modified, or can be modified only slowly or with difficulty, so it is mainly used to distribute firmware .In its strictest sense, ROM refers only...
which were mask programmed with words required for a specific product. ALL versions of the LPC chips until the TSP50Cxx series support them. All versions of the TMS6100
TMS6100
The Texas Instruments TMS6100 is a 1 or 4-bit serial mask-programmed read-only memory IC. It is a companion chip to the TMS5100, CD2802, TMS5110, TMS5200, and TMS5220 speech synthesizer ICs, and was mask-programmed with LPC data required for a specific product...
appear to only have 128Kbit/16KiB of content, regardless of rumors to the contrary.
The TMS5200 appears to be identical to the TMS5220 in operation, but its voice output sounds rather different and more distorted. According to private correspondence with Larry Brantingham, the TMS5220 is an improved version of the TMS5200 with a new chirp table, a new table of LPC coefficients, and a new statistical modeling feature on the encoder software used at TI.