Thymosin beta-4 is a protein

Protein

Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...

 that in humans is encoded by the TMSB4X gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

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The protein consists (in humans) of 44 amino acid

Amino acid

Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a side-chain that varies between different amino acids. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen...

s (msdkpdmaei ekfdksklkk tetqeknplp sketieqekq ages) molWt 4921.

Function

This gene encodes an actin

Actin

Actin is a globular, roughly 42-kDa moonlighting protein found in all eukaryotic cells where it may be present at concentrations of over 100 μM. It is also one of the most highly-conserved proteins, differing by no more than 20% in species as diverse as algae and humans...

 sequestering protein which plays a role in regulation of actin polymerization. The protein is also involved in cell proliferation

Cell growth

The term cell growth is used in the contexts of cell development and cell division . When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where one cell grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells"...

, migration

Cell migration

Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Tissue formation during embryonic development, wound healing and immune responses all require the orchestrated movement of cells in particular directions to specific locations...

, and differentiation. This gene escapes X inactivation and has a homolog on chromosome Y

Y chromosome

The Y chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in most mammals, including humans. In mammals, it contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development if present. The human Y chromosome is composed of about 60 million base pairs...

 (TMSB4Y

Thymosin beta-4, Y-chromosomal

Thymosin beta-4, Y-chromosomal is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMSB4Y gene.The protein consists of 44 amino acids MolWt 4881.- Function :...

).

Clinical significance

It has been studied in a number of clinical trials.

The thymosin beta-4 peptide, if used after a heart attack, might reactivate cardiac progenitor cells to repair damaged heart tissue.

Interactions

TMSB4X has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with ACTA1 and ACTG1

ACTG1

Actin, gamma 1, also known as ACTG1, is a gene.-Interactions:ACTG1 has been shown to interact with TMSB4X and CAP1.-Further reading:...

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