Tamil script
Encyclopedia
The Tamil script is a script that is used to write the Tamil language
Tamil language
Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and in the Indian union territory of Pondicherry. Tamil is also an official language of Sri Lanka and Singapore...

 as well as other minority languages such as Badaga
Badaga language
The Badaga language is a southern Dravidian language spoken by approximately 400,000 people in the Nilgiri Hills in Southern India. It is known for its retroflex vowels. The word Badaga refers to the Badaga language as well as the Badaga community/tribe...

, Irulas
Irulas
Irulas are a scheduled tribe of India. Irulas are present in various parts of India, but are mainly located in the Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu...

, and Paniya
Paniya
Paniya is one of the languages of India. It is a language of the scheduled tribes with a majority of its speakers in the state of Kerala. It is also called as Pania, Paniyan and Panyah. It belongs to the Dravidian family of languages. According to the 1981 Census, there were 63,827 speakers of...

. With the use of diacritic
Diacritic
A diacritic is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Greek διακριτικός . Diacritic is both an adjective and a noun, whereas diacritical is only an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the acute and grave are often called accents...

s to represent aspirated
Aspiration (phonetics)
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin ...

 and voiced
Voice (phonetics)
Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless or voiced. The term, however, is used to refer to two separate concepts. Voicing can refer to the articulatory process in which the vocal cords vibrate...

 consonants not represented in the basic script, it is also used to write Saurashtra
Saurashtra language
Sourashtra or "Sourashtras" or ꢱꣃꢬꢵꢰ꣄ꢜ꣄ꢬꢵ refers to a community of people who had their original homes in Gujarat and presently settled almost in all major Towns of Tamil Nadu and are concentrated more in Madurai which is considered as their cultural Headquarters.They have also settled in...

 and, by Tamils
Tamil people
Tamil people , also called Tamils or Tamilians, are an ethnic group native to Tamil Nadu, India and the north-eastern region of Sri Lanka. Historic and post 15th century emigrant communities are also found across the world, notably Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, South Africa, Australia, Canada,...

, to write Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...

.

Characteristics

The Tamil script has twelve vowel
Vowel
In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh! , pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as English sh! , where there is a constriction or closure at some...

s ( "soul-letters"), eighteen consonant
Consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Examples are , pronounced with the lips; , pronounced with the front of the tongue; , pronounced with the back of the tongue; , pronounced in the throat; and ,...

s ( "body-letters") and one character, the , which is classified in Tamil grammar as being neither a consonant nor a vowel ( "the hermaphrodite
Hermaphrodite
In biology, a hermaphrodite is an organism that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female sexes.Many taxonomic groups of animals do not have separate sexes. In these groups, hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which both...

 letter"), though often considered as part of the vowel set ( "vowel class"). The script, however, is syllabic
Syllable
A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter. A syllable is typically made up of a syllable nucleus with optional initial and final margins .Syllables are often considered the phonological "building...

 and not alphabet
Alphabet
An alphabet is a standard set of letters—basic written symbols or graphemes—each of which represents a phoneme in a spoken language, either as it exists now or as it was in the past. There are other systems, such as logographies, in which each character represents a word, morpheme, or semantic...

ic. The complete script, therefore, consists of the thirty-one letters in their independent form, and an additional 216 combinant letters representing a total 247 combinations ( ) of a consonant and a vowel, a mute consonant, or a vowel alone. These combinant letters are formed by adding a vowel marker to the consonant. Some vowels require the basic shape of the consonant to be altered in a way that is specific to that vowel. Others are written by adding a vowel-specific suffix to the consonant, yet others a prefix, and finally some vowels require adding both a prefix and a suffix to the consonant. In every case the vowel marker is different from the standalone character for the vowel.

The Tamil script is written from left to right.

History

The Tamil script, like the other Indic scripts, is thought to have evolved from the Brahmi script
Brāhmī script
Brāhmī is the modern name given to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of scripts. The best-known Brāhmī inscriptions are the rock-cut edicts of Ashoka in north-central India, dated to the 3rd century BCE. These are traditionally considered to be early known examples of Brāhmī writing...

. The earliest inscriptions which are accepted examples of Tamil writing date to a time just after the Asokan period. The script used by these inscriptions is commonly known as the Tamil Brahmi or Tamili script, and differs in many ways from standard Asokan Brahmi. For example, early Tamil Brahmi, unlike Asokan Brahmi, had a system to distinguish between pure consonant
Consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Examples are , pronounced with the lips; , pronounced with the front of the tongue; , pronounced with the back of the tongue; , pronounced in the throat; and ,...

s (m in this example) and consonants with an inherent vowel
Vowel
In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh! , pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as English sh! , where there is a constriction or closure at some...

 (ma in this example). In addition, early Tamil Brahmi used slightly different vowel markers, had extra characters to represent letters not found in Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...

, and omitted letters for sounds not present in Tamil, such as voiced consonants and aspirates. Inscriptions from the second century AD use a later form of the Tamil Brahmi
Tamil-Brahmi
Tamil-Brahmi, or Damili is an early phonetic script used to write Tamil characters. It is a variant of many Brahmi scripts used throughout South Asia, namely Ashokan Brahmi, Southern Brahmi, Bhattiprolu script and the Sri Lankan based Sinhala-Brahmi. It is known from surviving inscribed cave beds,...

 script, which is substantially similar to the writing system described in the Tolkappiyam
Tolkappiyam
The Tolkāppiyam is a work on the grammar of the Tamil language and the earliest extant work of Tamil literature. It is written in the form of noorpaa or short formulaic compositions and comprises three books - the Ezhuttadikaram, the Solladikaram and the Poruladikaram. Each of these books is...

, an ancient Tamil grammar. Most notably, they use the to suppress the inherent vowel. The Tamil letters thereafter evolved towards a more rounded form, and by the fifth or sixth century AD had reached a form called the early .
The modern Tamil script does not, however, descend from this script. In 7th century, the Pallava
Pallava
The Pallava dynasty was a Tamil dynasty which ruled the northern Tamil Nadu region and the southern Andhra Pradesh region with their capital at Kanchipuram...

 dynasty created a new script for Tamil, which was formed by simplifying the Grantha script (which in turn derived from Southern Brahmi), and adding to it the vatteluttu letters for sounds not found in Sanskrit. By the 8th century, this new script supplanted vatteluttu in the Chola
Chola Dynasty
The Chola dynasty was a Tamil dynasty which was one of the longest-ruling in some parts of southern India. The earliest datable references to this Tamil dynasty are in inscriptions from the 3rd century BC left by Asoka, of Maurya Empire; the dynasty continued to govern over varying territory until...

 and Pallava kingdoms which lay in the north portion of the Tamil-speaking region. Vatteluttu continued to be used in the southern portion of the Tamil-speaking region, in the Chera
Chera dynasty
Chera Dynasty in South India is one of the most ancient ruling dynasties in India. Together with the Cholas and the Pandyas, they formed the three principle warring Iron Age Tamil kingdoms in southern India...

 and Pandyan
Pandyan Kingdom
The Pandyan dynasty was an ancient Tamil dynasty. The Pandyas were one of the four Tamil dynasties , which ruled South India until the 15th century CE. They initially ruled their country Pandya Nadu from Korkai, a seaport on the Southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula, and in later times moved...

 kingdoms until the 11th century, when the Pandyan kingdom was conquered by the Cholas.
Over the next few centuries, the Chola-Pallava script evolved into the modern Tamil script. The use of palm leaves as the primary medium for writing
Writing
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbols . It is distinguished from illustration, such as cave drawing and painting, and non-symbolic preservation of language via non-textual media, such as magnetic tape audio.Writing most likely...

 led to changes in the script. The scribe had to be careful not to pierce the leaves with the stylus while writing, because a leaf with a hole was more likely to tear and decay faster. As a result, the use of the to distinguish pure consonants became rare, with pure consonants usually being written as if the inherent vowel were present. Similarly, the vowel marker for the , a half-rounded u which occurs at the end of some words and in the medial position in certain compound words, also fell out of use and was replaced by the marker for the simple u. The did not fully reappear until the introduction of printing
Printing
Printing is a process for reproducing text and image, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing....

, but the marker never came back into use, although the sound itself still exists and plays an important role in Tamil prosody
Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody is the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech. Prosody may reflect various features of the speaker or the utterance: the emotional state of the speaker; the form of the utterance ; the presence of irony or sarcasm; emphasis, contrast, and focus; or other elements of...

.

The forms of some of the letters were simplified in the nineteenth century to make the script easier to typeset. In the twentieth century, the script was simplified even further in a series of reforms, which regularised the vowel markers used with consonants by eliminating special markers and most irregular forms.

Relationship with other Indic scripts

The Tamil script differs from other Brahmi-derived scripts in a number of ways. Unlike every other Indic script, it uses the same character to represent both an unvoiced stop
Stop consonant
In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or an oral stop, is a stop consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases. The occlusion may be done with the tongue , lips , and &...

 and its voiced equivalent. Thus the character க் k, for example, represents both [k], and [ɡ]. This is because Tamil grammar
Tamil grammar
Much of Tamil grammar is extensively described in the oldest available grammar book for Tamil, the Tolkāppiyam. Modern Tamil writing is largely based on the 13th century grammar which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam, with some modifications.-Parts of Tamil grammar:Traditional...

 treats only unvoiced stops as being "true" consonants, treating voiced and aspirated sounds as euphonic
Euphony
Phonaesthetics is the claim or study of inherent pleasantness or beauty or unpleasantness of the sound of certain words and sentences. Poetry is considered euphonic, as is well-crafted literary prose...

 variants of unvoiced sounds. Traditional Tamil grammars contain detailed rules, observed in formal speech, for when a stop is to be pronounced with and without voice. These rules are not followed in colloquial or dialectal speech, where voiced and unvoiced versions of a stop are, in effect, allophone
Allophone
In phonology, an allophone is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds used to pronounce a single phoneme. For example, and are allophones for the phoneme in the English language...

s, being used in specific phonetic contexts, without serving to distinguish words.

Also unlike other Indic scripts, the Tamil script rarely uses special consonantal ligatures to represent conjunct consonants, which are far less frequent in Tamil than in other Indian languages. Conjunct consonants, where they occur are written by writing the character for the first consonant, adding the to suppress its inherent vowel, and then writing the character for the second consonant. There are a few exceptions, namely and śrī.

Basic consonants

Consonants are called the 'body' (mei) letters. The consonants are classified into three categories: vallinam (hard consonants), mellinam (soft consonants, including all nasals
Nasal consonant
A nasal consonant is a type of consonant produced with a lowered velum in the mouth, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. Examples of nasal consonants in English are and , in words such as nose and mouth.- Definition :...

), and idayinam (medium consonants).

There are some lexical rules for formation of words. Tolkāppiyam
Tolkappiyam
The Tolkāppiyam is a work on the grammar of the Tamil language and the earliest extant work of Tamil literature. It is written in the form of noorpaa or short formulaic compositions and comprises three books - the Ezhuttadikaram, the Solladikaram and the Poruladikaram. Each of these books is...

describes such rules. Some examples: a word cannot end in certain consonants, and cannot begin with some consonants including 'r' 'l' and 'll'; there are two consonants for the dental 'n' - which one should be used depends on whether the 'n' occurs at the start of the word and on the letters around it. (Historically, one 'n' was pronounced alveolarly, as is still true in Malayalam
Malayalam language
Malayalam , is one of the four major Dravidian languages of southern India. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India with official language status in the state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry. It is spoken by 35.9 million people...

.)

The order of the alphabet (strictly abugida
Abugida
An abugida , also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is obligatory but secondary...

) in Tamil closely matches that of the linguistically unrelated Indo-Aryan languages, reflecting the common origin of their scripts from Brahmi.

Consonants of Modern Tamil

The Tamil speech has incorporated many phonemes which were not part of Tholkappiyan classification. These alphabetical characters called "grantha" are part of modern Tamil. These are part of accepted Tamil alphabets nowadays taught from elementary school and incorporated in Tamilnadu Government encoding called TACE 16 (Tamil All Character Encoding)

Consonant ISO 15919
ISO 15919
ISO 15919 Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters is an international standard for the transliteration of Indic scripts to the Latin alphabet formed in 2001...

 
IPA
[ɕ], [ʃ]
[d͡ʒ]
[ʂ]
[s]
[h]
[kʂ]


The letter is used only for words borrowed from Sanskrit (eg. ஶாரதா śāradā) , but is included in Unicode for rendering the common ligature 'Sri' (ஸ்ரீ Śrī), which is made up of . is technically a ligature of .

In recent times, three combinations of Tamil basic letters are generally used to depict sounds of English letters 'f', 'z', and 'x'. This is for writing English and Arabic names and words in Tamil. The combinations are ஃப for f, ஃஜ for z and ஃஸ் for x. For example: asif = அசிஃப், aZaarudheen = அஃஜாருதீன், rex = ரெஃஸ்.

Vowels

Vowels are also called the 'life' (uyir) or 'soul' letters. Together with the consonants (which are called 'body' letters), they form compound, syllabic (abugida
Abugida
An abugida , also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is obligatory but secondary...

) letters that are called 'living' letters (uyirmei, i.e. letters that have both 'body' and 'soul').

Tamil vowels are divided into short and long (five of each type) and two diphthong
Diphthong
A diphthong , also known as a gliding vowel, refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets: That is, the tongue moves during the pronunciation of the vowel...

s.

Compound form

Using the consonant 'k' as an example:
The special letter is rarely used by itself. It normally serves a purely grammatical function as the independent vowel form of the dot on consonants that suppresses the inherent 'a' sound in plain consonants. However, in modern times it has come to be used to represent foreign sounds - for example is used to represent the English sound 'F', not found in Tamil.As another speciality of Tamil, க alone is used for ( ka, kha, ga, gha = [k], [ɡ], [x], [ɣ], [h]) unlike other languages which feature different letters for different pronunciation. Other letters which have the characteristics like க are ச ([t͡ʃ], [d͡ʒ], [ʃ], [s], [ʒ), ட ([ʈ], [ɖ], [ɽ]), த ([t̪], [d̪], [ð]), ப ([p], [b], [β]) , ற் ([r], [t], [d]) (see the first table of this section).

The long (nedil) vowels are about twice as long as the short (kuRil) vowels. The diphthong
Diphthong
A diphthong , also known as a gliding vowel, refers to two adjacent vowel sounds occurring within the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets: That is, the tongue moves during the pronunciation of the vowel...

s are usually pronounced about one and a half times as long as the short vowels, though some grammatical texts place them with the long (nedil) vowels.

As can be seen in the compound form, the vowel sign can be added to the right, left or both sides of the consonants. It can also form a ligature
Ligature (typography)
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes are joined as a single glyph. Ligatures usually replace consecutive characters sharing common components and are part of a more general class of glyphs called "contextual forms", where the specific shape of a letter depends on...

. These rules are evolving and older use has more ligatures than modern use. What you actually see on this page depends on your font selection; for example, Code2000
Code2000
Code2000 is a pan-Unicode digital font, which includes characters and symbols from a very large range of writing systems. As of the current final version 1.171 released in 2008, Code2000 is designed and implemented by James Kass to include as much of the Unicode 5.2 standard as practical , and to...

 will show more ligatures than Latha.

There are proponents of script reform who want to eliminate all ligatures and let all vowel signs appear on the right side.

Unicode encodes the character in logical order (always the consonant first), whereas legacy 8-bit encodings (such as TSCII
TSCII
Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange is a coding scheme for representing the Tamil script. The lower 128 codepoints are plain ASCII, the upper 128 codepoints are TSCII-specific...

) prefer the written order. This makes it necessary to reorder when converting from one encoding to another; it is not sufficient simply to map one set of codepoints to the other.

Compound table of Tamil letters

The following table lists vowel (uyir or life) letters across the top and consonant (mei or body) letters along the side, the combination of which gives all Tamil compound (uyirmei) letters.


க் கா கி கீ கு கூ கெ கே கை கொ கோ கௌ
ங் ஙா ஙி ஙீ ஙு ஙூ ஙெ ஙே ஙை ஙொ ஙோ ஙௌ
ச் சா சி சீ சு சூ செ சே சை சொ சோ சௌ
ஞ் ஞா ஞி ஞீ ஞு ஞூ ஞெ ஞே ஞை ஞொ ஞோ ஞௌ
ட் டா டி டீ டு டூ டெ டே டை டொ டோ டௌ
ண் ணா ணி ணீ ணு ணூ ணெ ணே ணை ணொ ணோ ணௌ
த் தா தி தீ து தூ தெ தே தை தொ தோ தௌ
ந் நா நி நீ நு நூ நெ நே நை நொ நோ நௌ
ப் பா பி பீ பு பூ பெ பே பை பொ போ பௌ
ம் மா மி மீ மு மூ மெ மே மை மொ மோ மௌ
ய் யா யி யீ யு யூ யெ யே யை யொ யோ யௌ
ர் ரா ரி ரீ ரு ரூ ரெ ரே ரை ரொ ரோ ரௌ
ல் லா லி லீ லு லூ லெ லே லை லொ லோ லௌ
வ் வா வி வீ வு வூ வெ வே வை வொ வோ வௌ
ழ் ழா ழி ழீ ழு ழூ ழெ ழே ழை ழொ ழோ ழௌ
ள் ளா ளி ளீ ளு ளூ ளெ ளே ளை ளொ ளோ ளௌ
ற் றா றி றீ று றூ றெ றே றை றொ றோ றௌ
ன் னா னி னீ னு னூ னெ னே னை னொ னோ னௌ



ஶ் ஶா ஶி ஶீ ஶு ஶூ ஶெ ஶே ஶை ஶொ ஶோ ஶௌ
ஜ் ஜா ஜி ஜீ ஜு ஜூ ஜெ ஜே ஜை ஜொ ஜோ ஜௌ
ஷ் ஷா ஷி ஷீ ஷு ஷூ ஷெ ஷே ஷை ஷொ ஷோ ஷௌ
ஸ் ஸா ஸி ஸீ ஸு ஸூ ஸெ ஸே ஸை ஸொ ஸோ ஸௌ
ஹ் ஹா ஹி ஹீ ஹு ஹூ ஹெ ஹே ஹை ஹொ ஹோ ஹௌ
க்ஷ் க்ஷ க்ஷா க்ஷி க்ஷீ க்ஷு க்ஷூ க்ஷெ க்ஷே க்ஷை க்ஷொ க்ஷோ க்ஷௌ

Numerals and symbols

Apart from the numerals (0-9), Tamil also has numerals for 10, 100 and 1000. Symbols for day, month, year, debit, credit, as above, rupee, numeral are present as well.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100 1000
day month year debit credit as above rupee numeral

Tamil in Unicode

The Unicode
Unicode
Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...

 range for Tamil is U+0B80–U+0BFF. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points. Most of the non-assigned codepoints are designated reserved because they are in the same relative position as characters assigned in other South Asian script blocks that correspond to phonemes that don't exist in the Tamil script.

Like other South Asian scripts in Unicode, the Tamil encoding was originally derived from the ISCII
ISCII
Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange is a coding scheme for representing various writing systems of India. It encodes the main Indic scripts and a Roman transliteration. The supported scripts are: Assamese, Bengali , Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya , Tamil,...

 standard. Both ISCII
ISCII
Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange is a coding scheme for representing various writing systems of India. It encodes the main Indic scripts and a Roman transliteration. The supported scripts are: Assamese, Bengali , Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya , Tamil,...

 and Unicode
Unicode
Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...

 encode Tamil as an abugida
Abugida
An abugida , also called an alphasyllabary, is a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is obligatory but secondary...

. In an abugida, each basic character represents a consonant and default vowel. Consonants with a different vowel or bare consonants are represented by adding a modifier character to a base character. Each codepoint representing a similar phoneme is encoded in the same relative position in each South Asian script block in Unicode, including Tamil. Although Unicode represents Tamil as an abugida all the pure consonants (consonants with no associated vowel) and syllables in Tamil can be represented by combining multiple Unicode codepoints, as can be seen in the Unicode Tamil Syllabary below.

In Unicode 5.1, named sequences were added for all Tamil pure consonants and syllables. Unicode 5.1 also has a named sequence for the Tamil ligature SRI (śrī), ஶ்ரீ . The name of this sequence is TAMIL SYLLABLE SHRII, and is composed of the Unicode sequence U+0BB6 U+0BCD U+0BB0 U+0BC0.

























































































































































































































































































































































































Unicode Tamil Syllabary
Vowels →
Consonants

0B85

0B86

0B87

0B88

0B89

0B8A

0B8E

0B8F

0B90

0B92

0B93

0B94
க்

0B95
0BCD


0B95
 
கா

0B95
0BBE
கி

0B95
0BBF
கீ

0B95
0BC0
கு

0B95
0BC1
கூ

0B95
0BC2
கெ

0B95
0BC6
கே

0B95
0BC7
கை

0B95
0BC8
கொ

0B95
0BCA
கோ

0B95
0BCB
கௌ

0B95
0BCC
ங்

0B99
0BCD


0B99
 
ஙா

0B99
0BBE
ஙி

0B99
0BBF
ஙீ

0B99
0BC0
ஙு

0B99
0BC1
ஙூ

0B99
0BC2
ஙெ

0B99
0BC6
ஙே

0B99
0BC7
ஙை

0B99
0BC8
ஙொ

0B99
0BCA
ஙோ

0B99
0BCB
ஙௌ

0B99
0BCC
ச்

0B9A
0BCD


0B9A
 
சா

0B9A
0BBE
சி

0B9A
0BBF
சீ

0B9A
0BC0
சு

0B9A
0BC1
சூ

0B9A
0BC2
செ

0B9A
0BC6
சே

0B9A
0BC7
சை

0B9A
0BC8
சொ

0B9A
0BCA
சோ

0B9A
0BCB
சௌ

0B9A
0BCC
ஞ்

0B9E
0BCD


0B9E
 
ஞா

0B9E
0BBE
ஞி

0B9E
0BBF
ஞீ

0B9E
0BC0
ஞு

0B9E
0BC1
ஞூ

0B9E
0BC2
ஞெ

0B9E
0BC6
ஞே

0B9E
0BC7
ஞை

0B9E
0BC8
ஞொ

0B9E
0BCA
ஞோ

0B9E
0BCB
ஞௌ

0B9E
0BCC
ட்

0B9F
0BCD


0B9F
 
டா

0B9F
0BBE
டி

0B9F
0BBF
டீ

0B9F
0BC0
டு

0B9F
0BC1
டூ

0B9F
0BC2
டெ

0B9F
0BC6
டே

0B9F
0BC7
டை

0B9F
0BC8
டொ

0B9F
0BCA
டோ

0B9F
0BCB
டௌ

0B9F
0BCC
ண்

0BA3
0BCD


0BA3
 
ணா

0BA3
0BBE
ணி

0BA3
0BBF
ணீ

0BA3
0BC0
ணு

0BA3
0BC1
ணூ

0BA3
0BC2
ணெ

0BA3
0BC6
ணே

0BA3
0BC7
ணை

0BA3
0BC8
ணொ

0BA3
0BCA
ணோ

0BA3
0BCB
ணௌ

0BA3
0BCC
த்

0BA4
0BCD


0BA4
 
தா

0BA4
0BBE
தி

0BA4
0BBF
தீ

0BA4
0BC0
து

0BA4
0BC1
தூ

0BA4
0BC2
தெ

0BA4
0BC6
தே

0BA4
0BC7
தை

0BA4
0BC8
தொ

0BA4
0BCA
தோ

0BA4
0BCB
தௌ

0BA4
0BCC
ந்

0BA8
0BCD


0BA8
 
நா

0BA8
0BBE
நி

0BA8
0BBF
நீ

0BA8
0BC0
நு

0BA8
0BC1
நூ

0BA8
0BC2
நெ

0BA8
0BC6
நே

0BA8
0BC7
நை

0BA8
0BC8
நொ

0BA8
0BCA
நோ

0BA8
0BCB
நௌ

0BA8
0BCC
ப்

0BAA
0BCD


0BAA
 
பா

0BAA
0BBE
பி

0BAA
0BBF
பீ

0BAA
0BC0
பு

0BAA
0BC1
பூ

0BAA
0BC2
பெ

0BAA
0BC6
பே

0BAA
0BC7
பை

0BAA
0BC8
பொ

0BAA
0BCA
போ

0BAA
0BCB
பௌ

0BAA
0BCC
ம்

0BAE
0BCD


0BAE
 
மா

0BAE
0BBE
மி

0BAE
0BBF
மீ

0BAE
0BC0
மு

0BAE
0BC1
மூ

0BAE
0BC2
மெ

0BAE
0BC6
மே

0BAE
0BC7
மை

0BAE
0BC8
மொ

0BAE
0BCA
மோ

0BAE
0BCB
மௌ

0BAE
0BCC
ய்

0BAF
0BCD


0BAF
 
யா

0BAF
0BBE
யி

0BAF
0BBF
யீ

0BAF
0BC0
யு

0BAF
0BC1
யூ

0BAF
0BC2
யெ

0BAF
0BC6
யே

0BAF
0BC7
யை

0BAF
0BC8
யொ

0BAF
0BCA
யோ

0BAF
0BCB
யௌ

0BAF
0BCC
ர்

0BB0
0BCD


0BB0
 
ரா

0BB0
0BBE
ரி

0BB0
0BBF
ரீ

0BB0
0BC0
ரு

0BB0
0BC1
ரூ

0BB0
0BC2
ரெ

0BB0
0BC6
ரே

0BB0
0BC7
ரை

0BB0
0BC8
ரொ

0BB0
0BCA
ரோ

0BB0
0BCB
ரௌ

0BB0
0BCC
ல்

0BB2
0BCD


0BB2
 
லா

0BB2
0BBE
லி

0BB2
0BBF
லீ

0BB2
0BC0
லு

0BB2
0BC1
லூ

0BB2
0BC2
லெ

0BB2
0BC6
லே

0BB2
0BC7
லை

0BB2
0BC8
லொ

0BB2
0BCA
லோ

0BB2
0BCB
லௌ

0BB2
0BCC
வ்

0BB5
0BCD


0BB5
 
வா

0BB5
0BBE
வி

0BB5
0BBF
வீ

0BB5
0BC0
வு

0BB5
0BC1
வூ

0BB5
0BC2
வெ

0BB5
0BC6
வே

0BB5
0BC7
வை

0BB5
0BC8
வொ

0BB5
0BCA
வோ

0BB5
0BCB
வௌ

0BB5
0BCC
ழ்

0BB4
0BCD


0BB4
 
ழா

0BB4
0BBE
ழி

0BB4
0BBF
ழீ

0BB4
0BC0
ழு

0BB4
0BC1
ழூ

0BB4
0BC2
ழெ

0BB4
0BC6
ழே

0BB4
0BC7
ழை

0BB4
0BC8
ழொ

0BB4
0BCA
ழோ

0BB4
0BCB
ழௌ

0BB4
0BCC
ள்

0BB3
0BCD


0BB3
 
ளா

0BB3
0BBE
ளி

0BB3
0BBF
ளீ

0BB3
0BC0
ளு

0BB3
0BC1
ளூ

0BB3
0BC2
ளெ

0BB3
0BC6
ளே

0BB3
0BC7
ளை

0BB3
0BC8
ளொ

0BB3
0BCA
ளோ

0BB3
0BCB
ளௌ

0BB3
0BCC
ற்

0BB1
0BCD


0BB1
 
றா

0BB1
0BBE
றி

0BB1
0BBF
றீ

0BB1
0BC0
று

0BB1
0BC1
றூ

0BB1
0BC2
றெ

0BB1
0BC6
றே

0BB1
0BC7
றை

0BB1
0BC8
றொ

0BB1
0BCA
றோ

0BB1
0BCB
றௌ

0BB1
0BCC
ன்

0BA9
0BCD


0BA9
 
னா

0BA9
0BBE
னி

0BA9
0BBF
னீ

0BA9
0BC0
னு

0BA9
0BC1
னூ

0BA9
0BC2
னெ

0BA9
0BC6
னே

0BA9
0BC7
னை

0BA9
0BC8
னொ

0BA9
0BCA
னோ

0BA9
0BCB
னௌ

0BA9
0BCC
ஶ்

0BB6
0BCD


0BB6
 
ஶா

0BB6
0BBE
ஶி

0BB6
0BBF
ஶீ

0BB6
0BC0
ஶு

0BB6
0BC1
ஶூ

0BB6
0BC2
ஶெ

0BB6
0BC6
ஶே

0BB6
0BC7
ஶை

0BB6
0BC8
ஶொ

0BB6
0BCA
ஶோ

0BB6
0BCB
ஶௌ

0BB6
0BCC
ஜ்

0B9C
0BCD


0B9C
 
ஜா

0B9C
0BBE
ஜி

0B9C
0BBF
ஜீ

0B9C
0BC0
ஜு

0B9C
0BC1
ஜூ

0B9C
0BC2
ஜெ

0B9C
0BC6
ஜே

0B9C
0BC7
ஜை

0B9C
0BC8
ஜொ

0B9C
0BCA
ஜோ

0B9C
0BCB
ஜௌ

0B9C
0BCC
ஷ்

0BB7
0BCD


0BB7
 
ஷா

0BB7
0BBE
ஷி

0BB7
0BBF
ஷீ

0BB7
0BC0
ஷு

0BB7
0BC1
ஷூ

0BB7
0BC2
ஷெ

0BB7
0BC6
ஷே

0BB7
0BC7
ஷை

0BB7
0BC8
ஷொ

0BB7
0BCA
ஷோ

0BB7
0BCB
ஷௌ

0BB7
0BCC
ஸ்

0BB8
0BCD


0BB8
 
ஸா

0BB8
0BBE
ஸி

0BB8
0BBF
ஸீ

0BB8
0BC0
ஸு

0BB8
0BC1
ஸூ

0BB8
0BC2
ஸெ

0BB8
0BC6
ஸே

0BB8
0BC7
ஸை

0BB8
0BC8
ஸொ

0BB8
0BCA
ஸோ

0BB8
0BCB
ஸௌ

0BB8
0BCC
ஹ்

0BB9
0BCD


0BB9
 
ஹா

0BB9
0BBE
ஹி

0BB9
0BBF
ஹீ

0BB9
0BC0
ஹு

0BB9
0BC1
ஹூ

0BB9
0BC2
ஹெ

0BB9
0BC6
ஹே

0BB9
0BC7
ஹை

0BB9
0BC8
ஹொ

0BB9
0BCA
ஹோ

0BB9
0BCB
ஹௌ

0BB9
0BCC
க்ஷ்

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BCD
க்ஷ

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
 
க்ஷா

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BBE
க்ஷி

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BBF
க்ஷீ

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BC0
க்ஷு

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BC1
க்ஷூ

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BC2
க்ஷெ

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BC6
க்ஷே

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BC7
க்ஷை

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BC8
ஷொ

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BCA
க்ஷோ

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BCB
ஷௌ

0B95
0BCD
0BB7
0BCC

See also

  • Tamil numerals
    Tamil numerals
    Tamil numerals , refers to the numeral system of the Tamil language used officially in Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Singapore and Mauritius, as well as by the other Tamil-speaking populations around the world including Malaysia, Réunion, and South Africa, and other emigrant communities around the world...

  • Tamil units of measurement
  • Grantha script
  • Tamil letters (on Tamil Wikibooks)
  • Tamil bell
    Tamil bell
    The Tamil Bell is a broken bronze bell discovered in approximately 1836 by the missionary William Colenso. It was being used as a pot to boil potatoes by Māori women near Whangarei in the Northland Region of New Zealand....


External links

  • Tamil Alphabet & Basics (PDF)
  • Phonetics of spoken Tamil
  • Unicode Chart - For Tamil (PDF
    Portable Document Format
    Portable Document Format is an open standard for document exchange. This file format, created by Adobe Systems in 1993, is used for representing documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems....

    )
  • TACE 16 (PDF)
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