Tardive Psychosis
Encyclopedia
Tardive psychosis is a form of psychosis
distinct from schizophrenia
and induced by the use of current (dopaminergic) antipsychotics by the depletion of dopamine
and related to the known side effect caused by their long-term use, tardive dyskinesia
.
Tardive psychosis was researched in 1978 and 1989, and sporadic research continues. Some studies have found it to be associated with psychotic depression and potentially, dissociation. For people with any tardive conditions clozapine
remains an option but since it can create blood dyscrasias
, which require frequent blood work
, as well as other severe side effects, it is used increasingly less in clinical practice. Although tardive psychosis continues to be studied, it still has not been established as a fact but it is known that the study classes of antipsychotics such as the NMDA receptor modulators
(glutamate antagonists) in not creating tardive dyskinesia will not create this condition. Although tardive psychosis and the little understood hypothetical condition tardive dysmentia
have been used by the anti-psychiatry
movement as reasons why antipsychotics are too dangerous for use in clinical practice, others see the side effects as reasons for continued research and the realization of new antipsychotics that do not create them. There are also experimental treatments for tardive dyskinesia such as ondansetron
, which is also being researched to treat psychosis
from Parkinsons' disease, and the natural remedy rhodiola
which is also being researched for Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia.
Psychosis
Psychosis means abnormal condition of the mind, and is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality"...
distinct from schizophrenia
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. It most commonly manifests itself as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by significant social...
and induced by the use of current (dopaminergic) antipsychotics by the depletion of dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter present in a wide variety of animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the brain, this substituted phenethylamine functions as a neurotransmitter, activating the five known types of dopamine receptors—D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5—and their...
and related to the known side effect caused by their long-term use, tardive dyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia is a difficult-to-treat form of dyskinesia that can be tardive...
.
In addition to dopaminergic upregulation in the nigrostriatal tracts, many investigators have suggested that dopaminergic upregulation may occur in mesolimbic or mesocortical tracts, leading to a worsening of psychosis beyond the original level. This phenomenon has been called 'tardive psychosis' or 'supersensitivity psychosis'.
Tardive psychosis was researched in 1978 and 1989, and sporadic research continues. Some studies have found it to be associated with psychotic depression and potentially, dissociation. For people with any tardive conditions clozapine
Clozapine
Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia, and is also used off-label in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Wyatt. R and Chew...
remains an option but since it can create blood dyscrasias
Dyscrasia
Dyscrasia is a concept from ancient Greek medicine with the word "dyskrasia", meaning bad mixture.The concept of dyscrasia was developed by the ancient Greek physician Galen , who elaborated a model of health and disease as a structure of elements, qualities, humors, organs, and temperaments...
, which require frequent blood work
Blood Work
Blood Work is a 2002 American mystery suspense thriller film produced, directed by, and starring Clint Eastwood. The film co-stars Jeff Daniels, Wanda De Jesús, and Anjelica Huston. It is based off the novel of the same name by Michael Connelly....
, as well as other severe side effects, it is used increasingly less in clinical practice. Although tardive psychosis continues to be studied, it still has not been established as a fact but it is known that the study classes of antipsychotics such as the NMDA receptor modulators
NMDA Receptor Modulators
NMDA receptor modulators are a new form of antipsychotic that are in Phase II FDA study. The first compound studied was glycine which was hypothesized by Daniel Javitt after observation that people with phencyclidine-induced psychosis were lacking in glutamate transmission...
(glutamate antagonists) in not creating tardive dyskinesia will not create this condition. Although tardive psychosis and the little understood hypothetical condition tardive dysmentia
Tardive dysmentia
Tardive Dysmentia is a rarely used term introduced in a 1983 paper to describe "changes in affect, activation level, and interpersonal interaction", and hypothesized to be caused by long-term exposure to neuroleptic drugs in the same way as the much better known syndrome of tardive dyskinesia...
have been used by the anti-psychiatry
Anti-psychiatry
Anti-psychiatry is a configuration of groups and theoretical constructs that emerged in the 1960s, and questioned the fundamental assumptions and practices of psychiatry, such as its claim that it achieves universal, scientific objectivity. Its igniting influences were Michel Foucault, R.D. Laing,...
movement as reasons why antipsychotics are too dangerous for use in clinical practice, others see the side effects as reasons for continued research and the realization of new antipsychotics that do not create them. There are also experimental treatments for tardive dyskinesia such as ondansetron
Ondansetron
Ondansetron is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as an antiemetic , often following chemotherapy. Its effects are thought to be on both peripheral and central nerves...
, which is also being researched to treat psychosis
Psychosis
Psychosis means abnormal condition of the mind, and is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality"...
from Parkinsons' disease, and the natural remedy rhodiola
Rhodiola
Rhodiola is a genus of perennial plants in the family Crassulaceae that resemble Sedum and other members of the family. Like sedums, Rhodiola species are often called stonecrops. Some authors merge Rhodiola into Sedum....
which is also being researched for Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia.