Tarek Heggy
Encyclopedia
Tarek Heggy is a liberal
Liberalism
Liberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,...

 Egyptian
Egyptians
Egyptians are nation an ethnic group made up of Mediterranean North Africans, the indigenous people of Egypt.Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, the small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to...

 author
Author
An author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:...

, political thinker and international petroleum strategist. His extensive writings advocate the values of modernity, democracy
Democracy
Democracy is generally defined as a form of government in which all adult citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law...

, tolerance, and women's rights
Women's rights
Women's rights are entitlements and freedoms claimed for women and girls of all ages in many societies.In some places these rights are institutionalized or supported by law, local custom, and behaviour, whereas in others they may be ignored or suppressed...

 in the Middle East
Middle East
The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...

 – advancing them as universal values essential to the region's progress. As one of the contemporary leading Egyptian liberal theoreticians, he has lectured at universities throughout the world, including Oxford University, the University of Tokyo
University of Tokyo
, abbreviated as , is a major research university located in Tokyo, Japan. The University has 10 faculties with a total of around 30,000 students, 2,100 of whom are foreign. Its five campuses are in Hongō, Komaba, Kashiwa, Shirokane and Nakano. It is considered to be the most prestigious university...

, the University of Melbourne
University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne is a public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia and the oldest in Victoria...

, Sydney University, Princeton University
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....

, Columbia University
Columbia University
Columbia University in the City of New York is a private, Ivy League university in Manhattan, New York City. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the...

, King's College London
King's College London
King's College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London. King's has a claim to being the third oldest university in England, having been founded by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington in 1829, and...

, Colorado University, Colorado School of Mines
Colorado School of Mines
The Colorado School of Mines is a small public teaching and research university devoted to engineering and applied science, with special expertise in the development and stewardship of the Earth's natural resources. Located in Golden, Colorado, CSM was ranked 29th, in America among national...

, The Hayek Institute (Vienna), Erasmus University
Erasmus University
Erasmus University Rotterdam is a university in the Netherlands, located in Rotterdam. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th century humanist and theologian...

 (The Netherlands), the American University in Cairo
American University in Cairo
The American University in Cairo is an independent, non-profit, apolitical, secular institution of higher learning located in Cairo, Egypt...

, and the University of California Berkeley. Additionally, he has lectured at the European University
European University
The European University is a multi-campus business school, established in 1973, with headquarters in Switzerland. It operates campuses in Switzerland , Spain , Germany , and the United Kingdom , with an executive facility in Yvorne, Switzerland.European University's Spain campus was ranked at 52...

 (Rome), John Cabot University
John Cabot University
John Cabot University is a private American liberal arts university located in Rome, Italy. Founded in 1972, it was named after the Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto.-Location:...

 (Rome), and the University of Calabria
University of Calabria
The University of Calabria is a state-run university in Italy.Located in Arcavacata di Rende, a suburb of Cosenza, the university was founded in 1972...

 (Italy) as well as Marrakesh (Morocco), Fes (Morocco), Zaytouna (Tunis) and Manouba (Tunis) universities. Due to his knowledge of the Middle East, he has been called upon to speak at various international institutions and think tanks, such as the Heritage Foundation
Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation is a conservative American think tank based in Washington, D.C. Heritage's stated mission is to "formulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong...

, the Hudson Institute
Hudson Institute
The Hudson Institute is an American think tank founded in 1961, in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, by futurist, military strategist, and systems theorist Herman Kahn and his colleagues at the RAND Corporation...

, the Washington Institute for Near East Policy
Washington Institute for Near East Policy
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy is a think tank based in Washington, D.C. focused on United States foreign policy in the Middle East. It was established by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee in 1985...

, the National Endowment for Democracy
National Endowment for Democracy
The National Endowment for Democracy, or NED, is a U.S. non-profit organization that was founded in 1983 to promote US-friendly democracy by providing cash grants funded primarily through an annual allocation from the U.S. Congress...

, the American Enterprise Institute
American Enterprise Institute
The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research is a conservative think tank founded in 1943. Its stated mission is "to defend the principles and improve the institutions of American freedom and democratic capitalism—limited government, private enterprise, individual liberty and...

, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a foreign-policy think tank based in Washington, D.C. The organization describes itself as being dedicated to advancing cooperation between nations and promoting active international engagement by the United States...

, and the Council on Foreign Relations
Council on Foreign Relations
The Council on Foreign Relations is an American nonprofit nonpartisan membership organization, publisher, and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs...

. Because of his intellectual project advocating universal human values, he also participates in international organizations addressing the holocaust and genocide, such as Project Aladdin
Project Aladdin
Project Aladdin is a multi-faceted cultural initiative launched in March 2009 under the patronage of UNESCO with the aim of countering Holocaust denial and all forms of racism and intolerance, while promoting intercultural dialogue, particularly among Muslims and Jews...

 and the Stockholm International Forum.

Tarek Heggy's main themes are the need for economic, political, cultural and educational reforms in Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

 and the Middle East. His liberal voice is part of the small but growing minority that calls for self criticism and massive reforms and that frankly admits the failures of the political ideologies/dogmas dominating Egypt and the Arab world
Arab world
The Arab world refers to Arabic-speaking states, territories and populations in North Africa, Western Asia and elsewhere.The standard definition of the Arab world comprises the 22 states and territories of the Arab League stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the...

. Moreover, this voice calls the conspiracy theories and overblown rhetoric that pervade the region signs of a cultural crisis that needs resolution. Finally, Tarek Heggy advocates the imperative need to develop a fair political ending to the Arab-Israeli conflict to enable all societies in the Middle East to move towards a pro-active phase of economic and social development.

Biography

Tarek Heggy was born in 1950, into the Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

ian upper-middle class and hometown of his parents, Port Said
Port Said
Port Said is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending about 30 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of 603,787...

. Both his father and mother were fortunate enough to be highly educated, intellectual people who had been widely exposed to Western culture and civilization. They inculcated within him a love of reading and an appreciation of languages at a young age. As citizens of Port Said, Heggy’s parents were the offspring of the Suez Canal
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal , also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation...

 community and of an otherwise unique openness to the outside world.

Tarek Heggy studied law (LL.B & LL.M) at Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University is an institute of higher education located in Cairo, Egypt. Founded in 1950, the university provides education at the undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate levels.-History:...

 in Cairo
Cairo
Cairo , is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life...

, followed by higher degrees in Modern Management Techniques from the International Management Institute of Geneva University. From 1971 until 1979, he taught at the law schools of a number of North African Universities (Algeria and Morocco).

In July 1979, Tarek Heggy joined a major multinational petroleum and gas corporation as a Gas and Oil attorney (1979–1985) and went on to become deputy to the Chairman of its Egypt branch (1985–1988). In 1988 he became the Chairman and CEO of a top oil and gas multinational corporation in the Middle East. He resigned on July 1, 1996 to devote his efforts to a wide range of intellectual and cultural activities.

Affiliations

  • Advisory Board of the Institute for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, Washington D.C.(US).
  • Advisory Board of the RAND
    RAND
    RAND Corporation is a nonprofit global policy think tank first formed to offer research and analysis to the United States armed forces by Douglas Aircraft Company. It is currently financed by the U.S. government and private endowment, corporations including the healthcare industry, universities...

     Organization "Centre for Middle East Public Policy" of the initiative for Middle Eastern Youth (IMEY)
  • Advisory Board of Just Journalism
    Just Journalism
    Just Journalism is a UK-based research organisation and pressure group whose stated goals are to focus "on how Israel and Middle East issues are reported in the UK media." The organisation publishes online analyses in response to news stories, reports on "long-term trends", and opinion pieces for...

     (UK).
  • Egypt Supreme Culture Council (Management Sciences Committee).
  • The Egyptian Society for Historic Studies.
  • MSA University ( Cairo , Egypt ).
  • The Faculty of Economics and Political Sciences of Cairo University.
  • The Middle East Research Centre of Ain Shams University (Cairo)
  • The Arab Management Society.
  • Egypt Bar Association.
  • Egypt Writers Association.
  • Heliopolis Library Chairman.

Honors

2008 Grinzane Cavour
Grinzane Cavour
Grinzane Cavour is a comune in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 km southeast of Turin and about 45 km northeast of Cuneo.Grinzane Cavour borders the municipalities of Alba and Diano d'Alba....

 Award for cultural and literary achievement

In 2008, Tarek Heggy (along with Professor Naim Mahlab) established the Tarek Heggy scholarship at the University of Toronto
University of Toronto
The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution of higher learning in Upper Canada...

 for post graduate studies in Comparative Jewish/Muslim relations.

Tenth Anniversary Award Recipients/Arab World Books' Writers.

Tarek Heggy participated in establishing (in 2000) the "Chair of Coptic Studies" at the American University in Cairo
American University in Cairo
The American University in Cairo is an independent, non-profit, apolitical, secular institution of higher learning located in Cairo, Egypt...

.

Published works

Since April 1978, Tarek Heggy has written 17 books In Arabic and 28 overall in four languages. In addition, nearly 500 hundred published articles are posted as essays on his website. Examples of Tarek Heggy's writings may be found in French http://www.tarek-heggy.com/French-essays-main.htm, English http://www.tarek-heggy.com/English-essays-main.htm, Italian http://www.tarek-heggy.com/Italian_main.htm, Arabic http://www.ahewar.org/m.asp?i=2295, Hebrew http://www.tarek-heggy.com/hebrew_main.htm, and Russian. http://www.tarek-heggy.com/russion_main.htm

Books in English:

Books in Arabic:
  • Marxist Ideas In Balance. 1978
  • Communism And Religion. 1980
  • My Experience With Marxism. 1983
  • What is to be done? 1986
  • The Four Idols. 1988
  • The Trinity of Destruction. 1990
  • Egypt between two Earthquakes. 1991
  • The Fateful Transformation. 1993
  • Reflections on Egypt 's Realities. 1995
  • Critique of the Arab Mind. 1998
  • Culture First and Foremost. 2000
  • The Values of Progress. 2001
  • On the Egyptian Mind. 2003
  • Margins on The Egyptian Mind. 2004
  • Modern Management in the contemporary Arab Societies. 2006
  • The Imprisonment of the Arab Mind. (Merit Publishers, Cairo) 2009
  • Our Culture Between Illusion and Reality. 2009


Books in French:

Books in Italian:

Interviews and videos

BBC HARDTalk interview with Tarek Heggy (04/07/11) Part One
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BbVp6f_y2A

BBC HARDTalk interview with Tarek Heggy (04/07/11) Part Two
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjKxI_yaNhU&feature=related

Liberal Egyptian author Tarek Heggy on the phenomenon of Islamism
http://www.youtube.com/user/tarekheggy#p/u/0/GZeeoLQKAC8

On the Muslim Brotherhood
http://www.vimeo.com/19642248

Tarek Heggy on Separation of Mosque and State—Part One
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ime2H52sGg&feature=related

Tarek Heggy on Separation of mosque and State—Part Two
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUXGTnYO2a8&feature=related

Multiple video interviews in Arabic, English, and French
http://www.google.com/search?q=tarek+heggy+videos&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a#q=tarek+heggy+videos&hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=2ZW&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&prmd=ivo&source=univ&tbs=vid:1&tbo=u&ei=2jfYTMiaFoiKnQebqNzVCQ&sa=X&oi=video_result_group&ct=title&resnum=3&ved=0CDEQqwQwAg&fp=84ae9564f15f2cb7

Elaph interview with Tarek Heggy conducted by Sabry Khalil.
http://www.tarek-heggy.com/Elaf.htm

The Brain of Tarek Heggy
http://www.communitytimesonline.com/art-details.aspx?articleid=838

Rhapsody Face to Face: Tarek Heggy Interview
http://www.forum.arabworldbooks.com/viewtopic.php?t=265

Debates

Tareq (Heggy) vs. Tariq (Ramadan)
http://www.hudsonny.org/2009/03/tareq-vs-tariq.php

The BBC/Doha Debate on the Separation of Mosque and State
http://www.thedohadebates.com/debates/debate.asp?d=30&s=1&mode=transcript#170

Selected articles

The Egyptian Revolution

Compromise Needed on All Sides
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/opinion/compromise-needed-on-all-sides/story-e6frg6zo-1226004634347

Egypt's Revolution: What Happened?
http://www.hudson-ny.org/2140/egypt-revolution-what-happened

Placing the Arab Revolutions in a Philosophical Context
http://www.muslimsdebate.com/faces/shownotes.php?notesid=1648

A Comment on What Happened
http://www.hudson-ny.org/1855/comment-on-what-happened

Political Islam

The Reality of the Muslim Brotherhood
http://www.hudson-ny.org/1882/muslim-brotherhood-reality

Militant Islam: Questions for the West
http://www.hudson-ny.org/1198/militant-islam-questions-for-the-west

The Proliferation of the Radical Jinni
http://www.hudsonny.org/2009/11/the-proliferation-of-the-radical-jinni.php

The Erosion of the Middle Class...and its Consequence
http://www.jamaliya.com/new/show.php?sub=5357

Islam Today: Interpretations of Islam
http://www.hudsonny.org/2009/05/islam-today-interpretations-of-islam.php

On the U.S./Islamists Dialogue
http://www.ikhwanweb.com/Article.asp?ID=5094&SectionID=146

Brotherhood With Ambitions
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2005/jun/02/20050602-085749-4866r/

The worst-case scenario
http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/opinion/story.html?id=98006b54-bf81-4d53-815e-c55a9230f998&p=1

The Arab Mindset and Reform

Religious Reform: Cornerstone of Reform in the Arab Societies
http://www.muslimsdebate.com/faces/sn.php?nid=1634

Ten Random Observations
http://www.hudson-ny.org/2121/ten-random-observations

The Prisons of the Arab Mind
http://www.alwaref.org/en/islamic-culture/127-the-prisons-of-the-arab-mind

Islam Between Copying and Thinking
http://www.arabworldbooks.com/Articles/heggy/islam.htm

The Seven Pillars of Terrorism
http://www.arabworldbooks.com/Articles/heggy/terrorism.htm

Believing in Conspiracy
http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/455/op5.htm

No More Than A "Refuge"
http://www.windsofchange.net/archives/no_more_than_a_refuge.php

Religious Education in the Balance
http://www.arabworldbooks.com/Articles/heggy/religious.htm

The Arab-Israeli Conflict: Between Reason and Hysteria
http://www.mideastweb.org/arabisraeliconfict.htm

Our Need For a Culture of Compromise
http://www.mideastweb.org/compromise.htm

Opinion

Three Intractable Dilemmas
http://213.158.162.45/~egyptian/index.php?action=news&id=21182&title=Opinion:%20Three%20intractable%20dilemmas

Democracy

Beyond the Ballot Box
http://www.fpa.org/newsletter_info2489/newsletter_info_sub_list.htm?section=Beyond%20the%20Ballot%20Box

On Lebanon

Once Again: On Hizbu'Allah
http://www.windsofchange.net/archives/once_again_on_hizbuallah.php#c114361

Hamas and Hizbu'Allah: Sub-Contractors
http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/stories.asp?pageid=49&id=347

Filled With Grief
http://www.nysun.com/opinion/filled-with-grief/38326/

Saudi Arabia

The King and the Sword
http://www.mideastweb.org/log/archives/00000651.htm

Let The Sane of Saudi Arabia Unite
http://www.windsofchange.net/archives/009773.html

If I Were A Shi'ite From Saudi Arabia http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=countries&Area=saudiarabia&ID=SP162307

Egyptian Christians

If I Were A Copt
http://www.copticassembly.com/showart.php?main_id=228

The Suffering of the Copts in Egypt http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP158707

Reflections on the Coptic Question
http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP87205

What others say

  • "A courageous and distinctive voice from Egypt." Tarek Heggy provides "a candid and provocative inside view of the current problems of the Arab world". Bernard Lewis
    Bernard Lewis
    Bernard Lewis, FBA is a British-American historian, scholar in Oriental studies, and political commentator. He is the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor Emeritus of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University...

    , Cleveland E. Dodge Professor Emeritus of Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University
    Princeton University
    Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....

    .

  • "Tarek Heggy is perhaps the Arab world's leading intellectual light and certainly one of its most prolific thinkers and writers. (H)is latest work reminds us all once more of his originality of thought, the breadth and depth of his learning and his intellectual courage". Efraim Karsh
    Efraim Karsh
    Efraim Karsh is professor and head of Middle East and Mediterranean Studies at King's College London, and director of the Philadelphia-based think tank, the Middle East Forum...

    , Middle East and Mediterranean Studies, King's College London
    King's College London
    King's College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London. King's has a claim to being the third oldest university in England, having been founded by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington in 1829, and...

    .

  • "Tarek Heggy is one of the most creative and prolific writers in the Arab world. His writings probe the political and social limits and present a refreshing message of self-reliance that challenges the prevailing sense that regional ills are largely made abroad". Shibley Telhami
    Shibley Telhami
    Shibley Telhami is the Anwar Sadat Professor for Peace and Development at the University of Maryland, College Park, and a nonresident senior fellow of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution....

    , Anwar Sadat Professor for Peace and development at the University of Maryland
    University of Maryland, College Park
    The University of Maryland, College Park is a top-ranked public research university located in the city of College Park in Prince George's County, Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C...

     and Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution
    Brookings Institution
    The Brookings Institution is a nonprofit public policy organization based in Washington, D.C., in the United States. One of Washington's oldest think tanks, Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics, metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, and...

    .

  • "Tarek Heggy can rightly be considered the liberal conscience, in the nineteenth-century British sense, of modern Arab society. He challenges the notion of an Arab civilization as desirable paradigm with its unique traditions. Instead, he maintains that universal values like humanism, progress, responsibility and choice produce democracy, civil society as well as cultural and economic integration. He argues that modern Arab society's inability or unwillingness to integrate those universal values has led to its failure in achieving results evident in the West as well as in certain successfully developing economies. Heggy's courageous indictment of religious obscurantism, political authoritarianism, bureaucratic sycophancy, and collective cynicism paves the way toward his vision of a shared global heritage informed by relevant education systems, the work ethic, efficient time management, and meritocracies." Jean-Marc Ran Oppenheim, Teachers College, Columbia University
    Teachers College, Columbia University
    Teachers College, Columbia University is a graduate school of education located in New York City, New York...

    .

  • “Having discovered that there is no equivalent in the Arabic language, classical or colloquial, for the word “compromise”, Tarek Heggy invented his own “cultural compromise”. This led him to advocate cultural tolerance and acceptance of the “Other”, and to argue for progress as a human product, modernity, the universality of science and knowledge, democracy and civil society. An academic, intellectual, economist and one of the world's top petroleum strategists, he is also a managerial wizard. Many consider his books on management a recipe for curing the ills of Egypt." Adel Darwish
    Adel Darwish
    Adel Darwish is a British journalist, author, historian, broadcaster and political commentator, specialising on Middle Eastern politics.Darwish is a veteran Fleet Street foreign correspondent and has written for The Daily Telegraph and The Independent, as well as maintaining his online blog and...


  • "Tarek Heggy's book is one of the most interesting and important works to come out of the Arab world in a long time. At the very moment when the debate over change or continuity, democracy or dictatorship is at its height, Heggy brilliantly analyses the causes and solutions of Arab problems and paradoxes." Professor Barry Rubin
    Barry Rubin
    Barry Rubin is an American-born Israeli expert in terrorism. He is a professor at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya, Israel and the director of the Global Research in International Affairs Center of the IDC, and a senior fellow at the Interdisciplinary Center's International Policy...

    , Director, Global Research in International Affairs Center and Editor, Middle East Review of International Affairs
    Middle East Review of International Affairs
    Middle East Review of International Affairs is a quarterly journal on Middle East issues edited by Barry Rubin and published by the Global Research in International Affairs Center of the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya, Israel, which he also owns and directs.The GLORIA Center also publishes...

    .

External links

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