Tatalina Air Force Station
Encyclopedia
Tatalina Air Force Station (AAC ID: F-10, LRR ID: A-05) is a closed United States Air Force
General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 13 miles (20.9 km) west-southwest of McGrath, Alaska
.
The ground control intercept (GCI) station was closed on 1 November 1983, and was redesignated as a Long Range Radar (LRR) site as part of the Alaska Radar System. Today, it remains active as part of the Alaska NORAD Region under the jurisdiction of the 611th Air Support Group
, Elmendorf AFB, Alaska.
on Alaska.
Construction of the station, began in 1950 and was completed in April 1952. The Army Transportation Corps undertook the project. Originally named Takotna after the mountain on which it was built. The radar station site was located on the summit at 3,500' (top camp), with a ground support station in a valley at the base at 1,200' 62°54′51"N 156°00′54"W. Access to the radars was initially by a road built up the side of the mountain, later a cable tramway was built. The tramway cables were constantly breaking because of high winds and ice, and fog and the extreme cold made repairs hazardous. Ice 16 inches thick built up on the cables in winter.
Army engineers constructed a 3,800 ft gravel runway airstrip 62°53′44"N 155°58′43"W about 2 miles southeast of the base station on a 1'000 ft plateau, and an access road to a river port facility on the Kuskokwim River
, 62°51′55"N 155°39′59"W where barges brought in construction supplies, materiel and other equipment to be brought to the site.
The station consisted of a power/heating plant, water and fuel storage tanks, gymnasium and other support office buildings. Two other buildings contained living quarters, work areas, and recreational facilities plus opportunities for such sports as skiing, skating, horseshoes, and basketball. The station buildings were, except for the civil engineering building connected by heated hallways. As a result, personnel stationed there, with only very few exceptions, were able to wear "summer" uniforms year round, unless they had a need to go outside during the winter season. The coverings of the station's three radar towers were heated from within to keep the covering from becoming brittle from extreme cold, and thus subject to being damaged or destroyed by high winds. Tours at the station were limited to one year because of the psychological strain and physical hardships.
The 717th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&W Sq) operated AN/FPS-3 AN/FPS-20, and AN/FPS-6 radars at the top site. The top site was a mini-station by itself, where twelve airmen lived; two radio maintenance, nine radar maintenance, and the most important person the cook. Barracks were connected between the radomes. Between the domes were other barracks rooms and the dayroom/library/kitchen/movie theater.
Tatalina AFS operated as a Ground Control Intercept (GCI) and warning station. As a GCI station, the squadron's role was to guide interceptor aircraft stationed at Ladd AFB toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit's radar scopes. In March 1953, the Manual Air Defense Direction Center (MCC) at Murphy Dome AFS near Fairbanks
exercised control over Kotzebue's radars where the data was analyzed to determine range, direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile.
Communications were initially provided by a high frequency radio system which proved unreliable because of atmospheric disturbances. The Alaskan Air Command, after investigating various options, decided to build the White Alice Communications System
, a system of Air Force-owned tropospheric scatter and microwave radio relay sites operated by the Air Force Communications Service (AFCS). The Tatalina site 62°55′40"N 156°01′29"W was activated in 1957. It was inactivated in 1979, and replaced by an Alascom owned and operated satellite earth terminal as part of an Air Force plan to divest itself of the obsolete White Alice Communications System and transfer the responsibility to a commercial firm.
Over the years, the equipment at the station was upgraded or modified to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information gathered by the radars. In 1983, Tatalina received a new AN/FPS-117
minimally attended radar under Alaskan Air Command's Seek Igloo program. It was designed to transmit aircraft tracking data via satellite to the Alaskan NORAD Regional Operations Control Center (ROCC) at Elmendorf AFB.
No longer needed, the 717th AC&W Sq was inactivated on l November 1983 and the station redesignated as a Long Range Radar (LRR) Site. This left only contractor personnel to maintain the site radar. In 1990, jurisdiction of the Tatalina LRR Site was transferred to {Pacific Air Forces]] (PACAF)'s Eleventh Air Force with the redesignation of AAC.
In 1998 PACAF initiated "Operation Clean Sweep", in which abandoned Cold War stations in Alaska were remediated and the land restored to its previous state. After years of neglect the facilities at the station had lost any value they had when the site was closed. The site remediation was carried out by the 611th Civil Engineering Squadron at Elmendorf AFB, and remediation work was completed by 2005.
, based at Elmendorf AFB. Contractor access to the site to support the FPS-117 is by the Tatalina LRRS Airport
. It is generally unattended; a few civilian contractors access the site for maintaining the facilities.
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...
General Surveillance Radar station. It is located 13 miles (20.9 km) west-southwest of McGrath, Alaska
McGrath, Alaska
As of the census of 2000, there were 401 people, 145 households, and 99 families residing in the city. The population density was 8.2 people per square mile . There were 213 housing units at an average density of 4.4 per square mile...
.
The ground control intercept (GCI) station was closed on 1 November 1983, and was redesignated as a Long Range Radar (LRR) site as part of the Alaska Radar System. Today, it remains active as part of the Alaska NORAD Region under the jurisdiction of the 611th Air Support Group
611th Air Support Group
The 611th Air Support Group is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the Eleventh Air Force, stationed at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska.-Overview:...
, Elmendorf AFB, Alaska.
History
Tatalina AFS was a continental defense radar station constructed to provide the United States Air Force early warning of an attack by the Soviet UnionSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
on Alaska.
Construction of the station, began in 1950 and was completed in April 1952. The Army Transportation Corps undertook the project. Originally named Takotna after the mountain on which it was built. The radar station site was located on the summit at 3,500' (top camp), with a ground support station in a valley at the base at 1,200' 62°54′51"N 156°00′54"W. Access to the radars was initially by a road built up the side of the mountain, later a cable tramway was built. The tramway cables were constantly breaking because of high winds and ice, and fog and the extreme cold made repairs hazardous. Ice 16 inches thick built up on the cables in winter.
Army engineers constructed a 3,800 ft gravel runway airstrip 62°53′44"N 155°58′43"W about 2 miles southeast of the base station on a 1'000 ft plateau, and an access road to a river port facility on the Kuskokwim River
Kuskokwim River
The Kuskokwim River or Kusko River is a river, long, in Southwest Alaska in the United States. It is the ninth largest river in the United States by average discharge volume at its mouth and seventeenth largest by basin drainage area.The river provides the principal drainage for an area of the...
, 62°51′55"N 155°39′59"W where barges brought in construction supplies, materiel and other equipment to be brought to the site.
The station consisted of a power/heating plant, water and fuel storage tanks, gymnasium and other support office buildings. Two other buildings contained living quarters, work areas, and recreational facilities plus opportunities for such sports as skiing, skating, horseshoes, and basketball. The station buildings were, except for the civil engineering building connected by heated hallways. As a result, personnel stationed there, with only very few exceptions, were able to wear "summer" uniforms year round, unless they had a need to go outside during the winter season. The coverings of the station's three radar towers were heated from within to keep the covering from becoming brittle from extreme cold, and thus subject to being damaged or destroyed by high winds. Tours at the station were limited to one year because of the psychological strain and physical hardships.
The 717th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&W Sq) operated AN/FPS-3 AN/FPS-20, and AN/FPS-6 radars at the top site. The top site was a mini-station by itself, where twelve airmen lived; two radio maintenance, nine radar maintenance, and the most important person the cook. Barracks were connected between the radomes. Between the domes were other barracks rooms and the dayroom/library/kitchen/movie theater.
Tatalina AFS operated as a Ground Control Intercept (GCI) and warning station. As a GCI station, the squadron's role was to guide interceptor aircraft stationed at Ladd AFB toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit's radar scopes. In March 1953, the Manual Air Defense Direction Center (MCC) at Murphy Dome AFS near Fairbanks
Fairbanks
Fairbanks may refer to:Places in the United States*Fairbanks, Alaska, city*Fairbanks, California, unincorporated community in El Dorado County*Fairbanks, Mendocino County, California, former settlement*Fairbanks, Indiana, unincorporated community...
exercised control over Kotzebue's radars where the data was analyzed to determine range, direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile.
Communications were initially provided by a high frequency radio system which proved unreliable because of atmospheric disturbances. The Alaskan Air Command, after investigating various options, decided to build the White Alice Communications System
White Alice Communications System
The White Alice Communications System was a United States Air Force telecommunication link system constructed in Alaska during the cold war. It featured tropospheric scatter links and line-of-sight microwave radio links...
, a system of Air Force-owned tropospheric scatter and microwave radio relay sites operated by the Air Force Communications Service (AFCS). The Tatalina site 62°55′40"N 156°01′29"W was activated in 1957. It was inactivated in 1979, and replaced by an Alascom owned and operated satellite earth terminal as part of an Air Force plan to divest itself of the obsolete White Alice Communications System and transfer the responsibility to a commercial firm.
Over the years, the equipment at the station was upgraded or modified to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information gathered by the radars. In 1983, Tatalina received a new AN/FPS-117
AN/FPS-117
The AN/FPS-117 is a phased array, 3-dimensional air search radar. It is produced by the Lockheed Martin corporation from the United States.The system is a low power, long range , L-band pencil beam, solid-state transmitter and beacon interrogator search radar...
minimally attended radar under Alaskan Air Command's Seek Igloo program. It was designed to transmit aircraft tracking data via satellite to the Alaskan NORAD Regional Operations Control Center (ROCC) at Elmendorf AFB.
No longer needed, the 717th AC&W Sq was inactivated on l November 1983 and the station redesignated as a Long Range Radar (LRR) Site. This left only contractor personnel to maintain the site radar. In 1990, jurisdiction of the Tatalina LRR Site was transferred to {Pacific Air Forces]] (PACAF)'s Eleventh Air Force with the redesignation of AAC.
In 1998 PACAF initiated "Operation Clean Sweep", in which abandoned Cold War stations in Alaska were remediated and the land restored to its previous state. After years of neglect the facilities at the station had lost any value they had when the site was closed. The site remediation was carried out by the 611th Civil Engineering Squadron at Elmendorf AFB, and remediation work was completed by 2005.
Current status
Today very little of the former Tatalina Air Force Station remains. The site is controlled by the PACAF 611th Air Support Group611th Air Support Group
The 611th Air Support Group is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the Eleventh Air Force, stationed at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska.-Overview:...
, based at Elmendorf AFB. Contractor access to the site to support the FPS-117 is by the Tatalina LRRS Airport
Tatalina LRRS Airport
Tatalina LRRS Airport is a military airstrip located seven nautical miles south of Takotna, in the Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area of the U.S. state of Alaska. The airstrip is also located west-southwest of McGrath, Alaska. It is not open for public use.-Overview:Tatalina Airport is a United States...
. It is generally unattended; a few civilian contractors access the site for maintaining the facilities.
Air Force units and assignments
Units
- 717th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron
- Activated on 8 December 1952
- Inactivated on 1 November 1983
Assignments
- 531st Aircraft Control and Warning Group, 8 December 1952
- 10th Air Division, 13 April 1953
- 5060th Aircraft Control and Warning Group, 1 November 1957
- 11th Air Division, 1 July 1959
- 5070th Air Defense Wing5070th Air Defense WingThe 5070th Air Defense Wing is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with the Alaskan Air Command, being stationed at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska. It was inactivated on 1 October 1961-Lineage:...
, 1 August 1960 - Alaskan Air Command, 1 November 1961
- 531st Aircraft Control and Warning Group (later 11th Tactical Control Group, 11th Tactical Control Wing, 11th Air Control Wing, 611th Air Operations Group, 611th Air and Space Operations Center) 15 July 1977