In Sanskrit

Sanskrit

Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...

 grammar a (तत्पुरुष) compound is a dependent determinative compound

Compound (linguistics)

In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme that consists of more than one stem. Compounding or composition is the word formation that creates compound lexemes...

, i.e. a compound XY meaning a type of Y which is related to X in a way corresponding to one of the grammatical case

Declension

In linguistics, declension is the inflection of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles to indicate number , case , and gender...

s of X.

There are many tatpuruṣas (one for each of the noun cases, and a few others besides); in a , one component is related to another. For example, "doghouse" is a dative compound, a house for a dog. It would be called a (caturthī refers to the fourth case — that is, the dative). The most frequent kind is the genitive . Examples are:-

• jaya-prepshu = "victory-desiring". (accusative
  Accusative case
  The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. The same case is used in many languages for the objects of prepositions...
  
  )
• varşa-bhogya = "year - going to be enjoyed" = "to be enjoyed for a year" (adjective). (accusative)
• deva-datta = "god-given" = "given by the gods". (instrumental
  Instrumental case
  The instrumental case is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action...
  
  )
• = "Vishnu-offering" = "offering to Vishnu
  Vishnu
  Vishnu is the Supreme god in the Vaishnavite tradition of Hinduism. Smarta followers of Adi Shankara, among others, venerate Vishnu as one of the five primary forms of God....
  
  ". (dative
  Dative case
  The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given, as in "George gave Jamie a drink"....
  
  )
• svarga-patita = "heaven-fallen" = "fallen from heaven". (ablative
  Ablative case
  In linguistics, ablative case is a name given to cases in various languages whose common characteristic is that they mark motion away from something, though the details in each language may differ...
  
  )
• = "that-man" in the sense of "that person's man". (genitive
  Genitive case
  In grammar, genitive is the grammatical case that marks a noun as modifying another noun...
  
  )
• vyāghra-buddhi = "tiger-thought" = "thought of it being a tiger
  Tiger
  The tiger is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to and weighing up to . Their most recognizable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with lighter underparts...
  
  ". (genitive)
• yajur-veda
  Yajurveda
  The Yajurveda, a tatpurusha compound of "sacrificial formula', + ) is the third of the four canonical texts of Hinduism, the Vedas. By some, it is estimated to have been composed between 1400 and 1000 BC, the Yajurveda 'Samhita', or 'compilation', contains the liturgy needed to perform the...
  
  = "sacrifice-knowledge" = "the knowledge of sacrifice", and the name of part of the Vedas. (genitive)
• = = "Rudra-eye" = "the eye of Rudra
  Rudra
  ' is a Rigvedic God, associated with wind or storm, and the hunt. The name has been translated as "The Roarer", or "The Howler"....
  
  ". (genitive)
• raja-putra
  Rajput
  A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. Rajputs are descendants of one of the major ruling warrior classes in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India...
  
  = "king-son" = "son of a king". (genitive)
• gŗha-jata = "house-born" = "born in the house". (locative
  Locative case
  Locative is a grammatical case which indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by"...
  
  )
• pūrvāhņa-kŗta = "morning-done" = "done in the morning". (locative)

The word "tatpuruṣa" is an example of the type: see in the list above.

• = "which is dative and a ". (nominative
  Nominative case
  The nominative case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or the predicate noun or predicate adjective, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments...
  
  ), but a nominative tatpuruṣa is classed as a karmadhāraya.

Note: in Vedic Sanskrit

Vedic Sanskrit

Vedic Sanskrit is an old Indo-Aryan language. It is an archaic form of Sanskrit, an early descendant of Proto-Indo-Iranian. It is closely related to Avestan, the oldest preserved Iranian language...

 rájaputra is a bahuvrihi

Bahuvrihi

A bahuvrihi compound is a type of compound that denotes a referent by specifying a certain characteristic or quality the referent possesses. A bahuvrihi is exocentric, so that the compound is not a hyponym of its head...

 and means "having a king as a son", and rajapútra is a and means "king's son": notice where the Vedic udātta accent is.