Tegal
Encyclopedia
Tegal is the largest city in the Tegal Regency
, Indonesia
. It is situated on the north coast of Central Java
, about 175 kilometres (108.7 mi) from Semarang
, capital of Central Java.
The Dutch East Indies
colonial sugar industry orioginated in Tegal and the nearby city of Pekalongan
, approximately 50 kilometres (31.1 mi) to the east. Tegal Regency remained a major sugar production center until the mid-20th century. The city served as a port for exporting sugar produced on the nearby plantations. Tegal is famous for its warung
, commonly called "warteg" or warung tegal. It is also known for its tea products, such as teh botol
Sosro, Tong Tji tea, 2 Tang tea, Gopek tea and other brands.
. The Pajang Empire was the successor of the Sultanate of Demak
.
The city was founded by Ki Gede Sebayu. Together with the local people, he aspired to increase the region’s agriculture, exploiting its fertile soil. Because of his efforts to develop the region, he became the high leader and the symbol of the city. His coronation as leader was held simultaneously with a traditional festival celebrating a rich agricultural harvest. In accordance with district ordinance no. 5/1988, July 28 is the anniversary of the city of Tegal.
In the 1920s, the city was a center of activism for the Communist Party of Indonesia
(PKI), and the radical leaders of the Tegal branch of the PKI were among the instigators of the 1926 rebellion that led to the temporary destruction of that party.
On October 8, 1945, an anti-feudalism movement called Gerakan Tiga Daerah ("Three Regions Movement") was established in Tegal, Pekalongan, and Brebes
. Its goal was to replace the blue-blood regents (related to the kings of Yogyakarta and Surakarta
) with ordinary people. According to the leaders of this movement, the old regents had cooperated with the Japanese during the world war II and sent people to Japanese slave labor camps. The main leader of Gerakan Tiga Daerah was Sarjiyo, who became the new regent of Pekalongan. Others were Kutil, K. Mijaya and Ir. Sakirman. Ir Sakirman was the local leader of the PKI. The government of the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta opposed Gerakan Tiga Daerah and declared it illegal.
Gerakan Tiga Daerah had the old regents arrested, stripped naked and dragged into prison. Other government officials and police officers were kidnapped and massacred at Talang bridge. The Gerakan Tiga Daerah also started a racial riot against ethnic Chinese in Brebes. On November 4, 1945, the movement attacked the Indonesian army headquarters and the regent office in Pekalongan. The rebels were defeated by the Indonesian army in a fierce battle on December 21, 1945, and most of their leaders were arrested and imprisoned. This rebellion is called the Three Regions Affair.
During the unrest following the resignation of President Suharto in 1998, Tegal was the site of extensive protests and occasional violence against local government officials, especially in June 1998.
Tegal Regency
Tegal is a regency in the northwestern part of Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Slawi....
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. It is situated on the north coast of Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
, about 175 kilometres (108.7 mi) from Semarang
Semarang
- Economy :The western part of the city is home to many industrial parks and factories. The port of Semarang is located on the north coast and it is the main shipping port for the province of Central Java. Many small manufacturers are located in Semarang, producing goods such as textiles,...
, capital of Central Java.
The Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Netherlands government in 1800....
colonial sugar industry orioginated in Tegal and the nearby city of Pekalongan
Pekalongan
Pekalongan is a city and seat of Pekalongan Regency on the northern coast of Central Java, Indonesia. The city is Central Java's most important port, and is known for its batik.-History:The history of Pekalongan dated back to the early 12th century...
, approximately 50 kilometres (31.1 mi) to the east. Tegal Regency remained a major sugar production center until the mid-20th century. The city served as a port for exporting sugar produced on the nearby plantations. Tegal is famous for its warung
Warung
A warung is a type of small family-owned business — often a casual shop, usually café — in Indonesia and Malaysia...
, commonly called "warteg" or warung tegal. It is also known for its tea products, such as teh botol
Teh botol
Teh botol is a popular Indonesian drink produced by the company Sosro and is sold worldwide. Teh botol literally means bottled tea in Indonesian. It is a sweetened jasmine tea and it is usually served cold...
Sosro, Tong Tji tea, 2 Tang tea, Gopek tea and other brands.
History
The city of Tegal developed from a small village called Tetegual. The modernization of the village began in the early 1530s, and it eventually became part of the Pemalang Regency, which admitted the existence of the Pajang Empire in Central JavaCentral Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
. The Pajang Empire was the successor of the Sultanate of Demak
Sultanate of Demak
The Sultanate of Demak was Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present day city of Demak. A port fief to the Majapahit kingdom thought to have been founded in the last quarter of the 15th century, it was influenced by Islam brought by Arab and...
.
The city was founded by Ki Gede Sebayu. Together with the local people, he aspired to increase the region’s agriculture, exploiting its fertile soil. Because of his efforts to develop the region, he became the high leader and the symbol of the city. His coronation as leader was held simultaneously with a traditional festival celebrating a rich agricultural harvest. In accordance with district ordinance no. 5/1988, July 28 is the anniversary of the city of Tegal.
In the 1920s, the city was a center of activism for the Communist Party of Indonesia
Communist Party of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world prior to being crushed in 1965 and banned the following year.-Forerunners:...
(PKI), and the radical leaders of the Tegal branch of the PKI were among the instigators of the 1926 rebellion that led to the temporary destruction of that party.
On October 8, 1945, an anti-feudalism movement called Gerakan Tiga Daerah ("Three Regions Movement") was established in Tegal, Pekalongan, and Brebes
Brebes, Brebes
Brebes is the name of a Sub-District in Brebes regency, Central Java, Indonesia. It is the capital of the county....
. Its goal was to replace the blue-blood regents (related to the kings of Yogyakarta and Surakarta
Surakarta
Surakarta, also called Solo or Sala, is a city in Central Java, Indonesia of more than 520,061 people with a population density of 11,811.5 people/km2. The 44 km2 city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and...
) with ordinary people. According to the leaders of this movement, the old regents had cooperated with the Japanese during the world war II and sent people to Japanese slave labor camps. The main leader of Gerakan Tiga Daerah was Sarjiyo, who became the new regent of Pekalongan. Others were Kutil, K. Mijaya and Ir. Sakirman. Ir Sakirman was the local leader of the PKI. The government of the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta opposed Gerakan Tiga Daerah and declared it illegal.
Gerakan Tiga Daerah had the old regents arrested, stripped naked and dragged into prison. Other government officials and police officers were kidnapped and massacred at Talang bridge. The Gerakan Tiga Daerah also started a racial riot against ethnic Chinese in Brebes. On November 4, 1945, the movement attacked the Indonesian army headquarters and the regent office in Pekalongan. The rebels were defeated by the Indonesian army in a fierce battle on December 21, 1945, and most of their leaders were arrested and imprisoned. This rebellion is called the Three Regions Affair.
During the unrest following the resignation of President Suharto in 1998, Tegal was the site of extensive protests and occasional violence against local government officials, especially in June 1998.
Climate
Language
Tegal has its own language, known as Bahasa Tegal. Some Indonesian comedians speak it because its accent and dialect arouse amusement. The greeting "How are you?" translates to "Kepriben kabare?"Slang
It is common practice for people in Tegal to call their friends "Jon", "Jack" or "Jakwir". The translation for "Daddy" is Jasak, "Mommy" is Jok, a younger brother is addressed as Yarig and an older brother as Sahang. Many other words can only be understood by native Tegals. Bahasa Tegal also has many Arabic loan words.Interesting places and buildings
- Gunung Guci: natural sulfur waterfalls for healing many skin diseases;
- Pantai Alam Indah (PAI): a famous beach in Tegal;
- Alun-alunAlun-alunAlun-alun is a Javanese architectural term for the large central open lawn squares common to villages, towns and cities in Indonesia.Commonly, alun-alun in modern-day Indonesia refers only to the two large open squares of kraton...
Tegal: in front of Mesjid Agung Tegal mosque; - Pasar Pagi Tegal: the biggest market in Tegal;
- Bird Market: in Pasar Senggol next to Alun-alun area;
- Taman Poci: a small park with children's playground and picnic area in front of the station, with kiosks selling exotic foods and Teh Poci tea;
- Tegal railway station: connecting many other big cities in Java.