Tegel
Encyclopedia
Tegel is a locality in the Berlin
borough of Reinickendorf
on the shore of Lake Tegel
. The Tegel locality, the second largest in area (after Köpenick
) of the 95 Berlin districts, also includes the neighbourhood of Saatwinkel.
The Tegel Palace (or Humboldt Palace), originally a Renaissance
manor house from 1558 and a hunting lodge of Elector
Frederick William
of Brandenburg
, was bequested to the Humboldt family in 1797. Alexander von Humboldt
and Wilhelm von Humboldt
lived here for several years. In 1824 Wilhelm had the palace rebuilt in a Neoclassical
style by Karl Friedrich Schinkel
. In the park is a tomb
, where Alexander, Wilhelm and other members of the Humboldt family are buried. From 1927 until 1931 Tegel Palace was the site of a sanatorium
, founded by the psychoanalyst
Ernst Simmel (1882-1947).
From 1898 on Tegel was the seat of the Borsig-Werke
steam locomotive
manufacturing company until it moved to Hennigsdorf
in Brandenburg
in 1931.
Between 1930 and 1934 an artillery
firing range in the district was used by the Verein für Raumschiffahrt
for experiments with liquid-fueled rocket
s. The principal names involved were its leader Rudolf Nebel
and other staff members Hermann Oberth
and Wernher von Braun
.
Tegel was the site of a medium wave broadcasting station
from 1933 to 1948. A wire hung in a wooden tower served as an antenna
. This tower was demolished as part of the construction of Tegel International Airport at the end of 1948.
Tegel is chiefly known for being the location of Berlin-Tegel Otto Lilienthal, Berlin's main airport
. It also houses the Tegel Penitentiary, Germany's
largest prison
with about 1,700 inmates as of 2007, known from Alfred Döblin
's 1929 novel Berlin Alexanderplatz
.
One of Berlin's largest shopping mall
s Borsighallen is located in the former locomotive manufacturing halls of the Borsigwerke. There is also the Villa Borsig at the shore of Lake Tegel, the former residence of the Borsig family. Today it is a school for future diplomats.
Beside this Tegel is an extensive residential district with some industry. With the large Lake Tegel, set in woodlands, the locality is also a popular destination for daytrippers. It boasts Berlin's oldest tree, called Dicke Marie ("Fat Maria").
line S25
at the station Berlin-Tegel. U-Bahn
connection to the inner city is provided by the U6
line with the stations Otisstraße
, Holzhauser Straße
, Borsigwerke
and Alt-Tegel
.
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
borough of Reinickendorf
Reinickendorf
Reinickendorf is the twelfth borough of Berlin. It encompasses the northwest of the city area, including the Berlin-Tegel Airport, Lake Tegel, spacious settlements of detached houses as well as housing estates like Märkisches Viertel.-Subdivision:...
on the shore of Lake Tegel
Lake Tegel
Lake Tegel , is the second largest lake in Berlin, Germany. It is situated in the northwest of the city in the Reinickendorf borough, in the Ortsteil of Tegel....
. The Tegel locality, the second largest in area (after Köpenick
Köpenick
Köpenick is a historic town and locality that is situated at the confluence of the rivers Dahme and Spree in the south-east of the German capital city of Berlin. It was formerly known as Copanic and then Cöpenick, only officially adopting the current spelling in 1931...
) of the 95 Berlin districts, also includes the neighbourhood of Saatwinkel.
History
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance...
manor house from 1558 and a hunting lodge of Elector
Prince-elector
The Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Roman king or, from the middle of the 16th century onwards, directly the Holy Roman Emperor.The heir-apparent to a prince-elector was known as an...
Frederick William
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
|align=right|Frederick William was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia – and thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia – from 1640 until his death. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as the "Great Elector" because of his military and political prowess...
of Brandenburg
Margraviate of Brandenburg
The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
, was bequested to the Humboldt family in 1797. Alexander von Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...
and Wilhelm von Humboldt
Wilhelm von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand Freiherr von Humboldt was a German philosopher, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of Humboldt Universität. He is especially remembered as a linguist who made important contributions to the philosophy of language and to the theory and practice...
lived here for several years. In 1824 Wilhelm had the palace rebuilt in a Neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
style by Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
Karl Friedrich Schinkel was a Prussian architect, city planner, and painter who also designed furniture and stage sets. Schinkel was one of the most prominent architects of Germany and designed both neoclassical and neogothic buildings.-Biography:Schinkel was born in Neuruppin, Margraviate of...
. In the park is a tomb
Tomb
A tomb is a repository for the remains of the dead. It is generally any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes...
, where Alexander, Wilhelm and other members of the Humboldt family are buried. From 1927 until 1931 Tegel Palace was the site of a sanatorium
Sanatorium
A sanatorium is a medical facility for long-term illness, most typically associated with treatment of tuberculosis before antibiotics...
, founded by the psychoanalyst
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is a psychological theory developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis has expanded, been criticized and developed in different directions, mostly by some of Freud's former students, such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav...
Ernst Simmel (1882-1947).
From 1898 on Tegel was the seat of the Borsig-Werke
August Borsig
Johann Friedrich August Borsig was a German businessman who founded the Borsig-Werke factory.Borsig was born in Breslau , the son of cuirassier and carpenter foreman Johann George Borsig...
steam locomotive
Steam locomotive
A steam locomotive is a railway locomotive that produces its power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fueled by burning some combustible material, usually coal, wood or oil, to produce steam in a boiler, which drives the steam engine...
manufacturing company until it moved to Hennigsdorf
Hennigsdorf
Hennigsdorf is a town in the district of Oberhavel, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated north-west of Berlin, just across the city border, which is formed mainly by the Havel river.-History:...
in Brandenburg
Province of Brandenburg
The Province of Brandenburg was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1946.-History:The first people who are known to have inhabited Brandenburg were the Suevi. They were succeeded by the Slavonians, whom Henry II conquered and converted to Christianity in...
in 1931.
Between 1930 and 1934 an artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
firing range in the district was used by the Verein für Raumschiffahrt
Verein für Raumschiffahrt
The Verein für Raumschiffahrt was a German amateur rocket association prior to World War II that included members outside of Germany...
for experiments with liquid-fueled rocket
Rocket
A rocket is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle which obtains thrust from a rocket engine. In all rockets, the exhaust is formed entirely from propellants carried within the rocket before use. Rocket engines work by action and reaction...
s. The principal names involved were its leader Rudolf Nebel
Rudolf Nebel
Rudolf Nebel was a spaceflight advocate active in Germany's amateur rocket group, the Verein für Raumschiffahrt in the 1930s and in rebuilding German rocketry following World War II....
and other staff members Hermann Oberth
Hermann Oberth
Hermann Julius Oberth was an Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist and engineer. He is considered one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics.- Early life :...
and Wernher von Braun
Wernher von Braun
Wernher Magnus Maximilian, Freiherr von Braun was a German rocket scientist, aerospace engineer, space architect, and one of the leading figures in the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany during World War II and in the United States after that.A former member of the Nazi party,...
.
Tegel was the site of a medium wave broadcasting station
Radio station
Radio broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both...
from 1933 to 1948. A wire hung in a wooden tower served as an antenna
Antenna (radio)
An antenna is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver...
. This tower was demolished as part of the construction of Tegel International Airport at the end of 1948.
Tegel today
Airport
An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport...
. It also houses the Tegel Penitentiary, Germany's
Prisons in Germany
The prisons in Germany are run solely by the federal states, although governed by a federal law. The aim of prison confinement in Germany is twofold: emphasis is placed on enabling prisoners to lead a life of "social responsibility free of crime" upon release, but society is also to be protected...
largest prison
Prison
A prison is a place in which people are physically confined and, usually, deprived of a range of personal freedoms. Imprisonment or incarceration is a legal penalty that may be imposed by the state for the commission of a crime...
with about 1,700 inmates as of 2007, known from Alfred Döblin
Alfred Döblin
Alfred Döblin was a German expressionist novelist, best known for the novel Berlin Alexanderplatz .- 1878–1918:...
's 1929 novel Berlin Alexanderplatz
Berlin Alexanderplatz
Berlin Alexanderplatz is a novel by Alfred Döblin, published in 1929. The story concerns a small-time criminal, Franz Biberkopf, fresh from prison, who is drawn into the underworld. When his criminal mentor murders the prostitute whom Biberkopf has been relying on as an anchor, he realizes that...
.
One of Berlin's largest shopping mall
Shopping mall
A shopping mall, shopping centre, shopping arcade, shopping precinct or simply mall is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a parking area — a modern, indoor version...
s Borsighallen is located in the former locomotive manufacturing halls of the Borsigwerke. There is also the Villa Borsig at the shore of Lake Tegel, the former residence of the Borsig family. Today it is a school for future diplomats.
Beside this Tegel is an extensive residential district with some industry. With the large Lake Tegel, set in woodlands, the locality is also a popular destination for daytrippers. It boasts Berlin's oldest tree, called Dicke Marie ("Fat Maria").
Transportation
Westend is served by the Berlin S-BahnBerlin S-Bahn
The Berlin S-Bahn is a rapid transit system in and around Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It consists of 15 lines and is integrated with the mostly underground U-Bahn to form the backbone of Berlin's rapid transport system...
line S25
S25 (Berlin)
S25 is a line on the Berlin S-Bahn. It operates from Teltow Stadt to Hennigsdorf over:*the Anhalt Suburban Line, opened on 1 December 1901, electrified in 1929 and extended to Lichterfelde Süd in 1943 and Teltow Stadt in February 2005,...
at the station Berlin-Tegel. U-Bahn
Berlin U-Bahn
The Berlin is a rapid transit railway in Berlin, the capital city of Germany, and is a major part of the public transport system of that city. Opened in 1902, the serves 173 stations spread across ten lines, with a total track length of , about 80% of which is underground...
connection to the inner city is provided by the U6
U6 (Berlin U-Bahn)
U6 is a 19.9 km-long line on the Berlin U-Bahn with 29 stations. It belongs to the Großprofilnetz, that is larger profile rail vehicles run through its larger tunnels...
line with the stations Otisstraße
Otisstraße (Berlin U-Bahn)
Otisstraße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the .The station is close to the street Otisstraße, hence the name. It was renamed in 2004 to celebrate the 150th year of operations of the local Otis Elevator Company and to correct a long-standing anomaly: this U6 line station was originally named...
, Holzhauser Straße
Holzhauser Straße (Berlin U-Bahn)
Holzhauser Straße is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the .The station was built on an embankment by Grimmek in 1958.-References:...
, Borsigwerke
Borsigwerke (Berlin U-Bahn)
Borsigwerke is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the .This station was built by B. Grimmek and opened in 1958. The northern entrance was integrated into the famous brick entrance building of the Borsig Factory . The walls of the platform are covered with yellow tiles.- Notes :...
and Alt-Tegel
Alt-Tegel (Berlin U-Bahn)
Alt-Tegel is a Berlin U-Bahn station located on the .It was constructed by B. Grimmek and opened as "Tegel" station in 1958. In 1992, the station was renamed to Alt-Tegel...
.