Temmu (period)
Encyclopedia
The Temmu period is a chronological
timeframe during the Asuka period
of Japanese history. The Temmu period describes a span of years which were considered to have begun in the 1333rd year of the Yamato dynasty.
This periodization
is congruent with the reign of Emperor Temmu
, which is traditionally considered to have been from 673 through 686.
in 604; and this Chinese calendar continued in use throughout the Temmu period.
In 645, the system of was introduced. However, after the reign of Emperor Kotoku
, this method of segmenting time
was temporarily abandoned or allowed to lapse. This interval continues during the Temmu period.
Neither Emperor Temmu's reign nor the Temmu periodization are included in the list of nengō for this explicit duration
of time
. The was an unofficial nengō during the reign of Emperor Temmu after Hakuchi
and before Suchō
. The duration
of this discrete non-nengō timespan lasted for 15 years.
In the post-Taika or pre-Taihō chronology, the first year of Emperor Temmu's reign (年号天皇元年 or 年号天皇1年) is also construed as the first year of the Temmu period (年号1年).
in Japanese Chronological Tables from 601 to 1872.
The pre-Tahiō calendar included two non-nengō gaps or interval
s in the chronological series:
Nengō were not promulgated (or were allowed to lapse) during the gap years between Hakuchi and Shuchō, and in another gap between Shuchō and Taihō.
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Chronology
Chronology is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as the use of a timeline or sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".Chronology is part of periodization...
timeframe during the Asuka period
Asuka period
The , was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710 , although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period...
of Japanese history. The Temmu period describes a span of years which were considered to have begun in the 1333rd year of the Yamato dynasty.
This periodization
Periodization
Periodization is the attempt to categorize or divide time into named blocks. The result is a descriptive abstraction that provides a useful handle on periods of time with relatively stable characteristics...
is congruent with the reign of Emperor Temmu
Emperor Temmu
was the 40th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Temmu's reign lasted from 672 until his death in 686.-Traditional narrative:...
, which is traditionally considered to have been from 673 through 686.
Periodization
The adoption of the Sexegenary cycle calendar (Jikkan Jūnishi) in Japan is attributed to Empress SuikoEmpress Suiko
was the 33rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Suiko's reign spanned the years from 593 until her death in 628....
in 604; and this Chinese calendar continued in use throughout the Temmu period.
In 645, the system of was introduced. However, after the reign of Emperor Kotoku
Emperor Kotoku
was the 36th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.The years of his reign lasted from 645 through 654.-Traditional narrative:Before Kōtoku ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name was or...
, this method of segmenting time
Time
Time is a part of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change such as the motions of objects....
was temporarily abandoned or allowed to lapse. This interval continues during the Temmu period.
Neither Emperor Temmu's reign nor the Temmu periodization are included in the list of nengō for this explicit duration
Duration
In music duration is an amount of time or a particular time interval. A duration is a property of a note that becomes one of the bases of rhythm.A tone may be sustained for varying lengths of time...
of time
Time
Time is a part of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change such as the motions of objects....
. The was an unofficial nengō during the reign of Emperor Temmu after Hakuchi
Hakuchi
Hakuchi can refer to:* Hakuchi Adyghe, a minority dialect of Adyghe spoken in Turkey.* Hakuchi, a tribe of the Adyghe people.* The Idiot , a film directed by Akira Kurosawa....
and before Suchō
Sucho
Gedalia Suchowolski is an Israeli painter and sculptor known by his nickname Sucho.-Biography:Gedalia Suchowolski was born in Białystok, Poland...
. The duration
Duration
In music duration is an amount of time or a particular time interval. A duration is a property of a note that becomes one of the bases of rhythm.A tone may be sustained for varying lengths of time...
of this discrete non-nengō timespan lasted for 15 years.
In the post-Taika or pre-Taihō chronology, the first year of Emperor Temmu's reign (年号天皇元年 or 年号天皇1年) is also construed as the first year of the Temmu period (年号1年).
Non-nengō period
Non-nengō periods in the pre-Taihō calendar were published in 1880 by William Bramsen. These were refined in 1952 by Paul TuschihashiPaul Tuschihashi
, S.J. was a Japanese Roman Catholic priest, mathematician, astronomer, Sinologist, lexicographer, academic and administrator. Father Paul is known for having developed extensive tables for converting traditional Japanese era dates into Gregorian calendar equivalents — compare, e.g., which...
in Japanese Chronological Tables from 601 to 1872.
The pre-Tahiō calendar included two non-nengō gaps or interval
Interval
Interval may refer to:* Interval , a range of numbers * Interval measurements or interval variables in statistics is a level of measurement...
s in the chronological series:
- TaikaTaika (era)was a during the reign of Kōtoku. The Taika era immediately preceded the Hakuchi era. This period spanned the years from August 645 through February 650.-Change of era:...
, August 645–February 650. - HakuchiHakuchi (era)was a after the Taika era and before Shuchō. This period spanned the years from February 650 through December 654. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:...
, February 650–December 654.- Non-nengō dating systems
- ShuchōShucho, alternatively read as Suchō or Akamitori, was a after a gap following Hakuchi and before another gap lasting until Taihō . This Shuchō period briefly spanned a period of mere months, June through September of 686...
, July–September 686.- Non-nengō dating systems
- TaihōTaiho (era)was a after a late 7th century interruption in the sequence of nengō after Shuchō and before Keiun. This period spanned the years from March 701 through May 704. The reigning emperor was .-Change of era:...
, March 701–May 704.
Nengō were not promulgated (or were allowed to lapse) during the gap years between Hakuchi and Shuchō, and in another gap between Shuchō and Taihō.
| Concurrent Chronologies | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-nengō periods | Nengō eras Japanese era name The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the and the year number within the era... |
Shinengō | Yamato dynasty duration Imperial House of Japan The , also referred to as the Imperial Family or the Yamato Dynasty, comprises those members of the extended family of the reigning Emperor of Japan who undertake official and public duties. Under the present Constitution of Japan, the emperor is the symbol of the state and unity of the people... |
Western calendar dates Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter... |
|
| Taika | 1305 | 645 | |||
| Hakuchi | 1310 | 650 | |||
| Saimei's reign Saimei (period) The Saimei period is a chronological timeframe during the Asuka period of Japanese history. The Saimei period describes a span of years which were considered to have begun in the 1315th year of the Yamato dynasty.... |
1315 | 655 | |||
| Tenji's reign Tenji (period) The Tenji period is a brief span of years during the Asuka period of Japanese history. The Tenji period describes a span of years which were considered to have begun in the 1322nd year of the Yamato dynasty.... |
1322 | 662 | |||
| Kōbun's reign Kobun (period) The Kōbun period is a chronological timeframe during the Asuka period of Japanese history. The Kōbun period describes a span of years which were considered to have begun in the 1332nd year of the Yamato dynasty.... |
Sujaku | 1332 | 672 | ||
| Temmu's reign | Hakuhō Hakuhō period The was an unofficial of Emperor Temmu after Hakuchi and before Suchō. The duration of this discrete non-nengō timespan lasted from 673 through 686.The Hakuhō period is more often used as a general term which describe a wider range of years.... |
1333 | 673 | ||
| Suchō | 1346 | 686 | |||
| Jitō's reign Jito (period) The Jitō period is a chronological timeframe during the Asuka period of Japanese history. The Jitō period describes a span of years which were considered to have begun in the 1347th year of the Yamato dynasty.... |
1347 | 687 | |||
| Taika | 1350 | 695 | |||
| Mommu's reign Mommu (period) The Mommu period is a chronological timeframe during the Asuka period of Japanese history. The Mommu period describes a span of years which were considered to have begun in the 1357th year of the Yamato dynasty.... |
1357 | 697 | |||
| Taihō | 1361 | 701 | |||
Events of Temmu period
- 673 (Kōbun 2): Emperor Tenji dies; and his son, Ō-ama-shinnō (later to become Emperor Temmu), declines to receive the succession (senso). Shortly thereafter, his older brother, Ōtomo (posthumously known as Emperor Kōbun after 1870), formally accedes to the throne (sokui). Anticipating trouble will foment around his brother, Emperor Kōbun leads an army against his brother. The forces defending against Kōbun's attack are ultimately successful, and belatedly, the son whom Emperor Tenji had designated heir accepts senso and sokui.
- 673 (Temmu 1): A new period is marked by the beginning of the reign of Emperor Temmu
- 674 (Temmu 2): Ambassadors of Tane no kuniTane Provincewas an old province of Japan in the area of Kagoshima Prefecture.-History:Kofun burial mounds on Tanegashima and two very old Shinto shrines on Yakushima suggest that these islands were the southern border of the Yamato state....
were received in the Japanese court. - 680 (Temmu 8): Yakushi-jiYakushi-jiis one of the most famous imperial and ancient Buddhist temples in Japan, located in Nara. The temple is the headquarters of the Hossō school of Japanese Buddhism...
was founded in the Hakuhou period
External links
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
| Temmu period | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th |
| Gregorian Gregorian calendar The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter... |
673 673 Year 673 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 673 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Europe :* Hlothhere becomes king of Kent.* The city... |
674 674 Year 674 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 674 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Asia :* In Korea, Anapji was constructed by order of... |
675 675 Year 675 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 675 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Europe :* Æthelred succeeds his brother Wulfhere as... |
676 676 Year 676 was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 676 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Asia :* In Japan, Emperor Temmu promulgate a decree... |
677 677 Year 677 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 677 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Europe :* According to the Chronicon Pictum, the... |
678 678 Year 678 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 678 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Asia :* April 27 – Japanese Emperor Temmu holds... |
679 679 Year 679 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 679 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Deaths :* Æthelthryth, wife of King Ecgfrith of... |
680 680 Year 680 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 680 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Europe :* The Bulgars subjugate the country of... |
681 681 Year 681 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 681 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Byzantine Empire :* The Bulgars under Asparukh win... |
682 682 Year 682 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 682 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Europe :* Jarrow Priory is established by Benedict... |
683 683 Year 683 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 683 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- America :* The reign of Pacal the Great, ruler of... |
684 684 Year 684 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 684 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Asia :* Wu Ze Tian takes power in China.* The Ummayad... |
685 685 Year 685 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 685 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Byzantine Empire :* September – Justinian II... |
686 686 Year 686 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 686 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Europe :* The Kingdom of Kent is attacked and... |
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