Temper
Encyclopedia
Temperare is the Latin
origin of words like "temperature
" and "tempering"; it and "tempo
" come, in turn, from tempus (time
or season
). Thus, the word "temper" can refer (at least informally) to any time- and temperature-sensitive process (as for chocolate tempering or tempered glass), a material's thermo-mechanical history, or even its composition.
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
origin of words like "temperature
Temperature
Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot...
" and "tempering"; it and "tempo
Tempo
In musical terminology, tempo is the speed or pace of a given piece. Tempo is a crucial element of any musical composition, as it can affect the mood and difficulty of a piece.-Measuring tempo:...
" come, in turn, from tempus (time
Time
Time is a part of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change such as the motions of objects....
or season
Season
A season is a division of the year, marked by changes in weather, ecology, and hours of daylight.Seasons result from the yearly revolution of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to the plane of revolution...
). Thus, the word "temper" can refer (at least informally) to any time- and temperature-sensitive process (as for chocolate tempering or tempered glass), a material's thermo-mechanical history, or even its composition.
Temper
- Temper, in archaeologyArchaeologyArchaeology, or archeology , is the study of human society, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes...
, non-plastic additions to clay, which are used to control shrinkage prior to firing into ceramicCeramicA ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous...
vessels - TEMPER, the name of an atmospheric propagationAtmosphereAn atmosphere is a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass, and that is held in place by the gravity of the body. An atmosphere may be retained for a longer duration, if the gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low...
computer model developed by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics LabApplied Physics LaboratoryThe Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory , located in Howard County, Maryland near Laurel and Columbia, is a not-for-profit, university-affiliated research center employing 4,500 people. APL is primarily a defense contractor. It serves as a technical resource for the Department of...
Music
- Temper, the name of a demoDemo (music)A demo version or demo of a song is one recorded for reference rather than for release. A demo is a way for a musician to approximate their ideas on tape or disc, and provide an example of those ideas to record labels, producers or other artists...
song by the musical group System of a DownSystem of a DownSystem of a Down, also known by the acronym SOAD and often shortened to System, is a rock band from Southern California. The band was formed in 1994. It consists of Serj Tankian , Daron Malakian , Shavo Odadjian and John Dolmayan... - Temper (album)Temper (album)Temper is the second full-length album by Portland-based musician Benoit Pioulard, released by Kranky on October 14, 2008.-Hand-made version:...
, 2008 album by Michigan-based musician Benoit Pioulard - Temper (band)Temper (band)Temper is a dance music group that was led by Anthony Malloy. Their only chart entry was with the song "No Favors", which hit number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in 1984. The song peaked on the U.S...
, an American dance music group - The Temper TrapThe Temper TrapThe Temper Trap is an Australian indie rock band which formed in 2005. The core members are Jonathon Aherne on bass guitar and vocals, Toby Dundas on drums and programming, Dougy Mandagi on vocals and guitar, and Lorenzo Sillitto on guitar, keyboards and vocals. They are supplemented on tours with...
, an Australian based band
Temperament
- TemperamentTemperamentIn psychology, temperament refers to those aspects of an individual's personality, such as introversion or extroversion, that are often regarded as innate rather than learned...
, in psychology, the general nature of an individual's personality - Musical temperamentMusical temperamentIn musical tuning, a temperament is a system of tuning which slightly compromises the pure intervals of just intonation in order to meet other requirements of the system. Most instruments in modern Western music are tuned in the equal temperament system...
, a tuning system which allows fixed-pitch instruments, such as the piano, greater flexibility in changing keys - The Well-Tempered Clavier, a composition by Bach
Tempering
- TemperingTemperingTempering is a heat treatment technique for metals, alloys and glass. In steels, tempering is done to "toughen" the metal by transforming brittle martensite or bainite into a combination of ferrite and cementite or sometimes Tempered martensite...
, in metallurgy, a heat treatment technique for metals and alloys; also a method for producing tempered glass - Tempering, in cookingCookingCooking is the process of preparing food by use of heat. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions. Cooks themselves also vary widely in skill and training...
, refers to the frying of spices (particularly in the cuisines of South Asia) to release their aroma; called chaunkChaunkChaunk ; sometimes spelled chhaunk, chounk, chonk, chhounk, or chhonk; also called tarka, tadka, bagar, phoron in Bengali, vaghaar in Gujarati, Thalimpu or popu ; and often translated as tempering is a garnish and/or...
in Hindi, or Tadka. - Chocolate tempering, a method of increasing the shine and durability of chocolate couverture