Tennis terminology
Encyclopedia
This page is a glossary of tennis
terminology.
: Serve where the tennis ball served is served in and not touched by the receiver. Aces are usually powerful and generally land on or near one of the corners at the back of the service box. action: Synonym for spin. ad court: Left side of the court of each player, so called because the "ad" ("advantage") point immediately following a deuce is always served from this side of the court. advantage: When one player wins the first point from a deuce and needs one more point to win the game; not applicable when using deciding points. advantage set: Set won by a player/team having won at least six games with a two-game advantage over the opponent(s). Final sets in the singles draws of the Australian Open
, the French Open, Wimbledon
, and the tennis Olympic event
, as well as the Davis Cup
, are all advantage sets. all: Used by the chair umpire to announce scores when both players have the same number of points or the same number of games: 30–all (30–30), 15–all (15–15), two games all, four games all, etc. When both players are at 40, the preferred term is deuce. all-court: Style of play that is a composite of all the different playing styles, which includes baseline, transition, and serve and volley styles. alley: Area of the court between the singles and the doubles sidelines, also known as the tramlines, especially in Australia. alternate: Player or team that gains acceptance into the main draw of a tournament when a main draw player or team withdraws, when there is no qualifying tournament which could provide a lucky loser instead. approach shot: Shot used as a setup as the player runs up to the net, often using underspin or topspin. ATP: Association of Tennis Professionals
, the men's professional circuit. ATP Champions Race: ATP point ranking system that starts at the beginning of the year and by the end of the year mirrors the ATP entry system ranking. Prior to 2009, the top eight players at the end of the year qualified for the Tennis Masters Cup
. Australian formation: In doubles, a formation where the server and partner stand on the same side of the court (deuce or advantage court) before starting the point.
: Stroke in which the ball is hit with the back of the racquet hand facing the ball at the moment of contact. A backhand is often hit by a right-handed player when the ball is on the left side of the court, and vice versa. backspin
: Shot that rotates the ball backwards after it is hit; also known as slice or underspin. The trajectory of the shot is affected by an upward force that lifts the ball. See Magnus effect
. backswing: Portion of a swing where the racquet is swung backwards in preparation for the forward motion to hit the ball. bagel: Winning (or losing) a set 6–0 (the shape of the zero being reminiscent of the round shape of a bagel
). See also breadstick. ball boy (or ball girl or ballkid): Child tasked with retrieving tennis balls from the court that have gone out of play and supplying the balls to the players before their service. Ball boys in net positions normally kneel near the net and run across the court to collect the ball, while ball boys in the back positions stand in the back along the perimeter of the arena. Ball boys in the back are responsible for giving the balls to the player serving. baseline: Line at the farthest ends of the court indicating the boundary of the area of play. baseliner: Player who plays around the baseline during play and relies on the quality of his or her ground strokes. big serve: Forceful serve, usually giving an advantage in the point for the server. block: Defensive shot with relatively little backswing, usually while returning a serve. breadstick: Winning (or losing) a set 6–1, with the straight shape of the one supposedly being reminiscent of the straight shape of a breadstick. break: To win a game as the receiving player or team, thereby breaking serve. Noun: break (service break) (e.g. "to be a break down" means "to have, in a set, one break less than the opponent", "to be a double break up" means "to have, in a set, two breaks more than the opponent"). break back: To win a game as the receiving player or team immediately after losing the previous game as the serving player or team. break point: Point which, if won by the receiver, would result in a break of service; arises when the score is 30–40 or 40–ad. A double break point (or two break points) arises at 15–40; a triple break point (or three break points) arises at 0–40. brutaliser: Smashing the ball directly at the opponent. buggy whip: Forehand hit with a follow-through that does not go across the body and finish on the opposite side, but rather goes from low to high and finishes on the same side (similar to the driver of a horse drawn carriage whipping a horse). Used, for example, by Rafael Nadal
and Maria Sharapova
. bye
: Automatic advancement of a player to the next round of a tournament without facing an opponent. Byes are often awarded to the top-seeded players in a tournament.
. challenge round: Final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination
phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of Wimbledon
and the US Open, and, until 1972, in the Davis Cup
. Challenger: Tournament/tour which is one level below the top-tier world tour, presently the ATP World Tour. Currently, Challenger tournaments comprise the ATP Challenger Tour. Players, generally ranked between world no. 80 or so and world no. 300 or so, compete on the Challenger tour in an effort to gain ranking points which allow them to gain entry to tournaments on the ATP World Tour. change-over: Rest time between certain games when the players change ends. chip: Blocking a shot with underspin. chip and charge: Play which involves hitting a slice shot while moving forward and following the shot into the net. chop: Shot with extreme underspin. clean the line / clip the line (of a ball): To land fully or partially on the line. closed stance: Classic technique in which the ball is hit while the hitter's body is facing at an angle between parallel to the baseline and with his back turned to the opponent. code violation: On the ATP tour and WTA tours, a rule violation such as voicing an obscenity or hitting a ball into the stands (not during the point). The first violation results in a warning; the second, a point penalty; the third, a game penalty; and the fourth, forfeiting the match. consolidate (a break): To hold serve in the game immediately following a break of serve. counterpuncher: Defensive baseliner. See tennis strategy
. court: Area designated for playing a game of tennis. crosscourt: Hitting the ball diagonally into the opponent's court. cross-over: Player crossing the net into the opponent's court. It can be done either in a friendly fashion, or maliciously, thereby invoking a code violation. The latter sometimes happens when it is uncertain whether the ball on a decisive point landed inside or outside the court when playing on clay, thus leaving a mark. cyclops: Device formerly used at Wimbledon and other tournaments to detect a serve that landed long, past the service line. The device emitted an audible noise when the serve was long.
: International, annual men's tennis competition in which teams from participating countries compete in a single-elimination format, with matches occurring at several stages during the year. dead net (dead net cord): Situation in which a player scores by inadvertently hitting the ball in such a way that it touches the upper cord of the net and rolls over to the other side; the player is said to have "gotten (caught) a dead net (dead net cord)" and considered to be lucky. dead rubber: Davis Cup match which is played after the victor of the tie has already been decided. Dead rubbers may or may not be played, depending on the coaches' agreement to do so, and are usually best of three, instead of five, sets. Typically, players who play the dead rubber are lower-ranked members of the team looking to gain Davis Cup match experience. deciding point: In doubles, the point played when the game score reaches deuce and there is no ad play; the game is decided in favor of whichever team wins the deuce point. deep: Shot that lands near the baseline, as opposed to near the net. default: Disqualification of a player in a match by the chair umpire after the player has received four code violation warnings, generally for his/her conduct on court. deuce: Score of 40–40 in a game. A player must win two consecutive points from a deuce to win the game, unless the tournament employs deciding points, as in the 2010 ATP World Tour Finals. See also advantage. deuce court: Right side of the court of each player, so called because the deuce point is always served from this side of the court. dink: Shot with no pace, usually hit close to the net. dirtballer: Colloquial term for a clay court specialist. disadvantage: Player or team which is 40-advantage down. double bagel: Two sets won to love; see bagel. double fault: Two faults in a row in one point, causing the player serving to lose the point. doubles: Matches played by four players, two per side of the court. down the line: Ball hit straight along the sideline to the opponent's side of the court. drop shot
: Play in which the player hits the ball lightly enough to just go over the net; designed to catch a player who is away from the net off guard. drop volley: Drop shot executed from a volley position.
: International, annual women's tennis competition in which teams from participating countries compete in a single-elimination format tournament with matches occurring at several stages during the year first service: First of the two serves of a tennis ball a player is allowed at the beginning of a point. five: Number of games completed (e.g. "7–5" is spoken as "seven–five"), or a spoken abbreviation of "15" in points (e.g. a score of 40–15 is sometimes spoken as "forty–five"). flat: Shot with relatively little spin. flatliner: Player who hits the ball flat with a very low trajectory with exceptional depth and accuracy so that the ball often strikes the line. Examples include Andre Agassi
and Lindsay Davenport
. follow through: Portion of a swing after the ball is hit. foot fault: Type of service fault in which a player, during the serve, steps on or over the baseline into the court before striking the ball. A foot fault may also occur if the player steps on or across the center hash mark and its imaginary perpendicular extension from the baseline to the net. forced error: Miss caused by an opponent's good play; contrasted with unforced error. forehand
: Stroke in which the player hits the ball with the front of the racquet hand facing the ball; contrasted with backhand. fry: Winning (or losing) a set 6–1. The term is used in the Golden Bagel Award
. See also breadstick. Futures: Series of men's tour tennis tournaments which comprise the ITF Men's Circuit
, a tour two levels below the ATP World Tour and one level below the ATP Challenger Tour. Players compete in Futures events (generally when ranked below world no. 300 or so) to garner enough ranking points to gain entry into Challenger events.
: Situation in which the server is leading and needs one more point to win a game. See also break point. ghost in to the net: To approach the net from the baseline while the opposing player is focused on retrieving a ball and therefore unaware that the player is approaching the net. Golden Bagel Award
: Award for male players winning the most bagels (sets won 6-0), from January 1 until the year-end tournament. Davis Cup matches and incomplete sets are not counted. golden set: Set which is won without dropping a single point. Only one man in the history of top-tier professional tour tennis has ever achieved this: Bill Scanlon
against Marcos Hocevar
in the first round of the WCT Gold Coast Classic at Delray Beach on February 22, 1983. Scanlon won the match 6–2, 6–0. The achievement is recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. In 1943, Pauline Betz
won the Tri-State tournament in Cincinnati, Ohio, defeating Catherine Wolf
in the final, 6–0, 6–2, without losing a point in the first set. Golden Slam: Winning the Grand Slam and the tennis Olympic
gold medal in a calendar year. This has only been achieved by Steffi Graf
in 1988. Grand Slam
: One of the four most prestigious tournaments in a year: the Australian Open
, the French Open (or Roland Garros), Wimbledon, and the U.S. Open
. Winning the Grand Slam means winning all four in a calendar year. grinding: Playing out points with a series of shots from the baseline. See also attrition
. groundies: See groundstroke. groundstroke
: Forehand or backhand shot that is executed after the ball bounces once on the court. gut: Type of racquet string made from catgut
.
: Shot made after a short bounce or simultaneouy to the bounce. Hawk-Eye
: High-speed computer system used to track the path of the ball; used with the challenge system to decide contested line calls. head: Portion of the racket that contains the strings. heavy (ball): Ball hit with so much topspin that it feels "heavy" when the opposing player strikes it. hold (serve): To win the game when serving. Hopman Cup
: Annual international team tennis tournament. hot dog: Play in which a player chases back to retrieve a lob and then hits the ball between his legs with his back to the net. Also called a tweener.
, the governing body of world tennis. ITA: Intercollegiate Tennis Association
, the governing body of collegiate tennis in the United States.
or real tennis
, the game from which tennis is derived. Reflects the fact that the game was first played on grass. let (do-over): Call that requires the point to be replayed. This typically occurs when an otherwise valid serve makes contact with the net. However, a let call can also be made when there is some distraction to either player not caused by the players themselves, such as a ball boy moving behind a receiver, debris flying across the court in windy conditions, or a ball accidentally falling out of a player's pocket or entering from a neighboring court. The call is made by the chair umpire when one is assigned to the match, as in professional matches, or one of the players when there is no chair umpire. When a receiver is legitimately unprepared for a serve, a let is technically the result, even if the word goes unspoken. let-check: Electronic sensor on the net that assists chair umpires in calling lets by detecting vibration. Typically, it is used only on show courts in professional matches, like electronic review. Players and commentators occasionally complain that such devices are too sensitive, that is, indicate too many false positives. line judge: Person designated to observe the passage of tennis balls over the boundary lines of the court. A line judge can declare that a play was inside or outside the play area and cannot be overruled by the players. Line judges must defer to an umpire's decision, even when it contradicts their own observations. lob
: Stroke in which the ball is hit high above the net. If the opposing player or players are up at the net, the intention may be an offensive lob in order to win the point outright. In a defensive lob, the intent is to give the player time to recover and get in position, or, if the opponents are at the net, to force them to chase down the lob. "lingering death" tie-break: Version of the tie-break played as the best of twelve points, with a two-point advantage needed to clinch the set. love: Zero (score
) (e.g. "15-0" is spoken "fifteen-love"; "to hold to love" means "to win the game when serving with the opponent scoring zero points"; "to break to love" means "to win the game when receiving with the opponent scoring zero points"). Thought to be derived from the French term, l'oeuf, literally the egg, meaning nothing. love game: Shutout game, won without the opponent's scoring. lucky loser: Highest-ranked player to lose in the final round of qualifying, but still gain acceptance into the main draw of a tournament due to a main draw player's withdrawing. In Grand Slam events, one of the four highest-ranked losers in the final qualifying round is randomly picked as the lucky loser.
: Former name of the year-end ATP championship, in which the eight highest-ranked players compete in a round robin format. match point: Situation in which the player who is leading needs one more point to win the match. Variations of the term are possible, e.g. championship point is the match point in the final match of a championship. Mercedes Super 9: Former name for the nine ATP Masters Series Tournaments mini-break: Point won from the opponent's serve in a tiebreak. To be "up a mini-break" means that the player has one more mini-break than his/her opponent. mis-hit: Stroke in which the racket fails to make contact with the ball in the "sweetspot" area of the strings. mixed doubles: Match played by four players, two male, two female, one of each sex per side of the court. moonball: Medium-high offensive lob hit with topspin (in the UK, also a pejorative term for a defensive, very high return of shot). MOP: Point at 0–30; stands for major opportunity point.
: Member of the officiating team: tournament referee, chair umpire, or linesman. OP: Stands for opportunity point; 15–30, an opportunity to potentially break serve. open stance: Modern technique in which the hitter's body facing is at an angle between parallel to the baseline and facing the opponent. See also closed stance. out: Describes a ball that lands outside the play area. overhead: Stroke in which the player hits the ball over his/her head; if the shot is hit relatively strongly, it is referred to as a smash
; smashes are often referred to as simply overheads, although not every overhead shot is a smash. overrule: To reverse a linesperson's call, done by the umpire. overwrap: Material wrapped over the handle of the racket to absorb moisture. Includes gauze or Tournagrip (tradename).
: Period of play between the first successful service of a ball and the point at which that ball goes out of play. pre-qualifying: Tournament in which the winner earns a wildcard into a tournament's qualifying draw. pressureless ball: Special type of tennis ball that does not have a core of pressurized air as standard balls do, but rather has a core made of solid rubber, or a core filled tightly with micro-particles. Quality pressureless balls are approved for top-pro play generally, but pressureless balls are typically used mostly at high altitudes, where standard balls would be greatly affected by the difference between the high pressure in the ball and the thin air. protected ranking: Players injured for a minimum of six months can ask for a protected ranking, which is based on his or her average ranking during the first three months of his or her injury. The player can use his or her protected ranking to enter tournaments' main draws or qualifying competitions when coming back from injury. pulp: 30–30, not quite deuce (juice). pusher: Player who does not try to hit winners, but only to return the ball safely; often used in a derogative manner. putaway: Offensive shot to try to end the point with no hope of a return.
: Following the service of a tennis ball, a series of return hits of the ball that ends when one or other player fails to return the ball within the court boundary or fails to return a ball that falls within the play area. receiver: Person who is being served to. referee: Person in charge of enforcing the rules in a tournament, as opposed to a tennis match. See also umpire. reflex volley: Volley in which the player has no time to plan the shot, and instead reacts instinctively to get the racket in position to return the ball. This occurs frequently in doubles and in advanced singles. retirement: Player's withdrawal during a match, usually due to injury, causing the player to forfeit his/her place in the tournament. For a pre-match withdrawal, see walkover. retriever: Defensive baseliner. See tennis strategy
. return ace: Shot in which the opponent serves, the receiver returns the serve, and the opponent does not hit the ball. rising shot: Shot in which the ball is hit before it reaches its apex; also hitting on the rise. round of 16: Round of a tournament prior to the quarterfinals in which there are 16 players remaining, corresponds to the fourth round of 128-draw tournament, the third round of a 64-draw, and second round of a 32-draw tournament. round robin: Tournament format in which players are organised into groups of three or four players and compete against all other members of the group. Players are then ranked according to number of matches, sets, and games won and head-to-head records. The top one, two, or four players then qualify for the next stage of the tournament. rubber: Individual match, singles or doubles, within a Davis Cup tie.
: Also, as a noun, service. To begin a point by hitting the ball into the opponent's half of the court. service game: With regard to a player, the game in which the player is serving (e.g. "Player A won a love service game" means that Player A has won a game where (s)he was serving without the opponent scoring). serve and volley
: Strategy to serve and immediately move forward to make a volley. set point: Situation in which the player who is leading needs one more point to win a set. If the player is serving in such a situation, (s)he is said to be "serving for the set". shank: Significantly misdirected shot, the result of hitting the ball in an unintentional manner, typically with the frame of the racket. Such shots typically go very high in the air, go into the stands or an adjacent court, and/or land far outside the lines. However, it is possible to hit a shank that lands validly in the court. singles
: Game played by two players. singles sticks: Pair of poles which are placed underneath the net near the singles sideline for the purpose of raising it for singles play. sitter: Shot which is hit with very little pace and no spin, which bounces high after landing, thus being an easy shot to put away. sledgehammer: Two-handed backhand winner down the line. slice: Shot with underspin, or a serve with sidespin. smash
: Strongly hit overhead, typically executed when the player who hits the shot is very close to the net and can therefore hit the ball nearly vertically, often so that it bounces into the stands, making it unreturnable. spank: To hit a groundstroke flat with a lot of pace. special exempt: Players who are unable to appear in a tournament's qualifying draw because they are still competing in a previous tournament can be awarded a spot in the main draw by special exempt. spin: Rotation of the ball as it moves through the air, affecting its trajectory and bounce. See backspin
, topspin
, and underspin. split step: a footwork technique in which a player makes a small hop just before the opponent hits the ball. spot serving/server: Serving with precision, resulting in the ball landing either on or near the intersection of the center service line and service line or singles tramline and service line. squash shot: Forehand or backhand shot typically hit on the run from a defensive position, either with slice, or from behind the player's stance. stick volley: Volley hit crisply, resulting in shot with a sharp downward trajectory. straight sets: Situation in which the winner of a match does not lose a set. A straight set may also mean a set which is won by a score of 6-something; i.e. is won at the first opportunity and does not reach five games all. strings
: Material woven through the face of the racquet. The strings are where contact with the ball is supposed to be made. string saver: Tiny piece of plastic that is sometimes inserted where the strings cross, to prevent the strings from abrading each other and prematurely breaking. stroke: Striking of the ball. "sudden death" tie-break: Version of the tiebreak played as the best of nine points, with the last being a deciding point to clinch the set. sweetspot: Central area of the raquet head which is the best location for making contact with the ball.
: Soft, hollow, air-filled rubber ball coated in a synthetic fur, used in the game of tennis. See also pressureless ball. T: Place where the center line and service line intersect to form a T. tennis bubble: Indoor tennis facility consisting of a domed structure which is supported by air pressure generated by blowers inside the structure. tennis dad: Father of a tennis player, commonly portrayed by the media as having a domineering personality, and sometimes willing to use it or be disruptive in order to fulfil his children's ambitions. tennis elbow: Common injury in beginner to intermediate tennis players, possibly due to improper technique or a racket which transmits excessive vibration to the arm. Tennis Hall of Fame: International Tennis Hall of Fame
located in Newport, Rhode Island; it hosts an annual tournament around the inductee ceremony. tie: Synonymous with match, but used for the Davis Cup
. tiebreak: Special game played when the score is 6–6 in a set to decide the winner of the set; the winner is the first to reach at least seven points with a difference of two over the opponent. topspin
: Spin of a ball where the top of the ball rotates toward the direction of travel; the spin goes forward over the top of the ball, causing the ball to dip and bounce at a higher angle to the court. touch: Occurs when a player touches any part of the net when the ball is still in play, losing the point. tramline: Line defining the limit of play on the side of a singles or doubles court. trampolining: Effect which occurs when striking a ball flat with a racket that is strung at a very loose tension. Trampolining results in a shot that has a very high velocity. tree: Player who is playing much better than normal, or a shot that a player hits that he/she would not usually make. treeing: Someone who is playing much better than normal. triple bagel: Three sets won to love. See bagel. tweener: Trick shot first popularized by Yannick Noah
which involves hitting the ball between the legs from front to rear while retrieving an offensive lob. See also hot dog. twist serve: Serve hit with a combination of slice and topspin which results in a curving trajectory and high bounce in the opposite direction of the ball's flight trajectory. See also kick serve.
: a shot hit by a player before it bounces on his own side of the court.
. winner: Forcing shot that cannot be reached by the opponent and wins the point; a forcing serve that is reached by the opponent, but is not returned properly, and wins the point. women's doubles: Match between two pairs of women, with one pair on each side of the net. See also mixed doubles. WTA: Women's Tennis Association
, the women's professional circuit.
Tennis
Tennis is a sport usually played between two players or between two teams of two players each . Each player uses a racket that is strung to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent's court. Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society at all...
terminology.
A
aceAce (tennis)
In tennis, an ace is a legal serve that is not touched by the receiver, winning the point.In professional tennis, aces are generally seen on a player's first serve, where the server can strike the ball with maximum force and take more chances with ball placement .The most common placement of an ace...
: Serve where the tennis ball served is served in and not touched by the receiver. Aces are usually powerful and generally land on or near one of the corners at the back of the service box. action: Synonym for spin. ad court: Left side of the court of each player, so called because the "ad" ("advantage") point immediately following a deuce is always served from this side of the court. advantage: When one player wins the first point from a deuce and needs one more point to win the game; not applicable when using deciding points. advantage set: Set won by a player/team having won at least six games with a two-game advantage over the opponent(s). Final sets in the singles draws of the Australian Open
Australian Open
The Australian Open is the only Grand Slam tennis tournament held in the southern hemisphere. The tournament was held for the first time in 1905 and was last contested on grass in 1987. Since 1972 the Australian Open has been held in Melbourne, Victoria. In 1988, the tournament became a hard court...
, the French Open, Wimbledon
The Championships, Wimbledon
The Championships, Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon , is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, considered by many to be the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London since 1877. It is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the other three Majors...
, and the tennis Olympic event
Tennis at the Summer Olympics
Tennis was part of the Summer Olympic Games program from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, but was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics...
, as well as the Davis Cup
Davis Cup
The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation and is contested between teams of players from competing countries in a knock-out format. The competition began in 1900 as a challenge between Britain and the United States. By...
, are all advantage sets. all: Used by the chair umpire to announce scores when both players have the same number of points or the same number of games: 30–all (30–30), 15–all (15–15), two games all, four games all, etc. When both players are at 40, the preferred term is deuce. all-court: Style of play that is a composite of all the different playing styles, which includes baseline, transition, and serve and volley styles. alley: Area of the court between the singles and the doubles sidelines, also known as the tramlines, especially in Australia. alternate: Player or team that gains acceptance into the main draw of a tournament when a main draw player or team withdraws, when there is no qualifying tournament which could provide a lucky loser instead. approach shot: Shot used as a setup as the player runs up to the net, often using underspin or topspin. ATP: Association of Tennis Professionals
Association of Tennis Professionals
The Association of Tennis Professionals or ATP was formed in 1972 by Donald Dell, Jack Kramer, and Cliff Drysdale to protect the interests of male professional tennis players. Since 1990, the association has organized the worldwide tennis tour for men and linked the title of the tour with the...
, the men's professional circuit. ATP Champions Race: ATP point ranking system that starts at the beginning of the year and by the end of the year mirrors the ATP entry system ranking. Prior to 2009, the top eight players at the end of the year qualified for the Tennis Masters Cup
Tennis Masters Cup
The Barclays ATP World Tour Finals is a tennis tournament played at the end of each year, involving the top eight players in the men's tennis world rankings....
. Australian formation: In doubles, a formation where the server and partner stand on the same side of the court (deuce or advantage court) before starting the point.
B
backhandBackhand
The backhand is a tennis shot in which one swings the racquet around one's body in the direction where one wants the ball to go, usually performed from the baseline or as an approach shot. The term is also used in other racquet sports, and other areas where a similar motion is employed...
: Stroke in which the ball is hit with the back of the racquet hand facing the ball at the moment of contact. A backhand is often hit by a right-handed player when the ball is on the left side of the court, and vice versa. backspin
Backspin
In racquet sports, backspin , is a shot such that the ball rotates backwards after it is hit. The trajectory of the shot involves an upward force that lifts the ball...
: Shot that rotates the ball backwards after it is hit; also known as slice or underspin. The trajectory of the shot is affected by an upward force that lifts the ball. See Magnus effect
Magnus effect
The Magnus effect is the phenomenon whereby a spinning object flying in a fluid creates a whirlpool of fluid around itself, and experiences a force perpendicular to the line of motion...
. backswing: Portion of a swing where the racquet is swung backwards in preparation for the forward motion to hit the ball. bagel: Winning (or losing) a set 6–0 (the shape of the zero being reminiscent of the round shape of a bagel
Bagel
A bagel is a bread product, traditionally shaped by hand into the form of a ring from yeasted wheat dough, roughly hand-sized, which is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked. The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior...
). See also breadstick. ball boy (or ball girl or ballkid): Child tasked with retrieving tennis balls from the court that have gone out of play and supplying the balls to the players before their service. Ball boys in net positions normally kneel near the net and run across the court to collect the ball, while ball boys in the back positions stand in the back along the perimeter of the arena. Ball boys in the back are responsible for giving the balls to the player serving. baseline: Line at the farthest ends of the court indicating the boundary of the area of play. baseliner: Player who plays around the baseline during play and relies on the quality of his or her ground strokes. big serve: Forceful serve, usually giving an advantage in the point for the server. block: Defensive shot with relatively little backswing, usually while returning a serve. breadstick: Winning (or losing) a set 6–1, with the straight shape of the one supposedly being reminiscent of the straight shape of a breadstick. break: To win a game as the receiving player or team, thereby breaking serve. Noun: break (service break) (e.g. "to be a break down" means "to have, in a set, one break less than the opponent", "to be a double break up" means "to have, in a set, two breaks more than the opponent"). break back: To win a game as the receiving player or team immediately after losing the previous game as the serving player or team. break point: Point which, if won by the receiver, would result in a break of service; arises when the score is 30–40 or 40–ad. A double break point (or two break points) arises at 15–40; a triple break point (or three break points) arises at 0–40. brutaliser: Smashing the ball directly at the opponent. buggy whip: Forehand hit with a follow-through that does not go across the body and finish on the opposite side, but rather goes from low to high and finishes on the same side (similar to the driver of a horse drawn carriage whipping a horse). Used, for example, by Rafael Nadal
Rafael Nadal
Rafael "Rafa" Nadal Parera is a Spanish professional tennis player and a former World No. 1. , he is ranked No. 2 by the Association of Tennis Professionals...
and Maria Sharapova
Maria Sharapova
Maria Yuryevna Sharapova ,. is a Russian professional tennis player and a former world no. 1. A US resident since 1994, Sharapova has won 24 WTA singles titles, including three Grand Slam singles titles at the 2004 Wimbledon, 2006 US Open and 2008 Australian Open...
. bye
Bye (sports)
A bye, in sports and other competitive activities, most commonly refers to the practice of allowing a player or team to advance to the next round of a playoff tournament without playing...
: Automatic advancement of a player to the next round of a tournament without facing an opponent. Byes are often awarded to the top-seeded players in a tournament.
C
call: Verbal utterance by a line judge or chair umpire declaring that a ball landed outside the valid area of play. cannonball: Somewhat archaic term used to describe a hard, flat serve. can opener: Serve hit by a right-handed player with slice, landing on or near the intersection of the singles tramline and service line in the deuce court (landing in the ad court for a left-handed player). carve: To hit a groundstroke shot with a combination of sidespin and underspin. challenge: To request an official review of the spot where the ball landed after a shot, using electronic ball tracking technology. See Hawk-EyeHawk-Eye
Hawk-Eye is a complex computer system used in cricket, tennis and other sports to visually track the trajectory of the ball and display a record of its most statistically likely path as a moving image. In cricket and tennis, it is now part of the adjudication process. It was developed by engineers...
. challenge round: Final round of a tournament, in which the winner of a single-elimination
Single-elimination tournament
A single-elimination tournament, also called a knockout, cup or sudden death tournament, is a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each match or bracket is immediately eliminated from winning the championship or first prize in the event...
phase faces the previous year's champion, who plays only that one match. The challenge round was used in the early history of Wimbledon
The Championships, Wimbledon
The Championships, Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon , is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, considered by many to be the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London since 1877. It is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the other three Majors...
and the US Open, and, until 1972, in the Davis Cup
Davis Cup
The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation and is contested between teams of players from competing countries in a knock-out format. The competition began in 1900 as a challenge between Britain and the United States. By...
. Challenger: Tournament/tour which is one level below the top-tier world tour, presently the ATP World Tour. Currently, Challenger tournaments comprise the ATP Challenger Tour. Players, generally ranked between world no. 80 or so and world no. 300 or so, compete on the Challenger tour in an effort to gain ranking points which allow them to gain entry to tournaments on the ATP World Tour. change-over: Rest time between certain games when the players change ends. chip: Blocking a shot with underspin. chip and charge: Play which involves hitting a slice shot while moving forward and following the shot into the net. chop: Shot with extreme underspin. clean the line / clip the line (of a ball): To land fully or partially on the line. closed stance: Classic technique in which the ball is hit while the hitter's body is facing at an angle between parallel to the baseline and with his back turned to the opponent. code violation: On the ATP tour and WTA tours, a rule violation such as voicing an obscenity or hitting a ball into the stands (not during the point). The first violation results in a warning; the second, a point penalty; the third, a game penalty; and the fourth, forfeiting the match. consolidate (a break): To hold serve in the game immediately following a break of serve. counterpuncher: Defensive baseliner. See tennis strategy
Tennis strategy
In tennis, a player uses different strategies that both enhance his own strengths and exploit his opponent's weaknesses in order to gain the advantage and win more points....
. court: Area designated for playing a game of tennis. crosscourt: Hitting the ball diagonally into the opponent's court. cross-over: Player crossing the net into the opponent's court. It can be done either in a friendly fashion, or maliciously, thereby invoking a code violation. The latter sometimes happens when it is uncertain whether the ball on a decisive point landed inside or outside the court when playing on clay, thus leaving a mark. cyclops: Device formerly used at Wimbledon and other tournaments to detect a serve that landed long, past the service line. The device emitted an audible noise when the serve was long.
D
Davis CupDavis Cup
The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation and is contested between teams of players from competing countries in a knock-out format. The competition began in 1900 as a challenge between Britain and the United States. By...
: International, annual men's tennis competition in which teams from participating countries compete in a single-elimination format, with matches occurring at several stages during the year. dead net (dead net cord): Situation in which a player scores by inadvertently hitting the ball in such a way that it touches the upper cord of the net and rolls over to the other side; the player is said to have "gotten (caught) a dead net (dead net cord)" and considered to be lucky. dead rubber: Davis Cup match which is played after the victor of the tie has already been decided. Dead rubbers may or may not be played, depending on the coaches' agreement to do so, and are usually best of three, instead of five, sets. Typically, players who play the dead rubber are lower-ranked members of the team looking to gain Davis Cup match experience. deciding point: In doubles, the point played when the game score reaches deuce and there is no ad play; the game is decided in favor of whichever team wins the deuce point. deep: Shot that lands near the baseline, as opposed to near the net. default: Disqualification of a player in a match by the chair umpire after the player has received four code violation warnings, generally for his/her conduct on court. deuce: Score of 40–40 in a game. A player must win two consecutive points from a deuce to win the game, unless the tournament employs deciding points, as in the 2010 ATP World Tour Finals. See also advantage. deuce court: Right side of the court of each player, so called because the deuce point is always served from this side of the court. dink: Shot with no pace, usually hit close to the net. dirtballer: Colloquial term for a clay court specialist. disadvantage: Player or team which is 40-advantage down. double bagel: Two sets won to love; see bagel. double fault: Two faults in a row in one point, causing the player serving to lose the point. doubles: Matches played by four players, two per side of the court. down the line: Ball hit straight along the sideline to the opponent's side of the court. drop shot
Drop shot
A drop shot in tennis is slicing, putting a backspin on the ball just over the net. A good drop shot travels such that the opponent is unable to run fast enough to retrieve it....
: Play in which the player hits the ball lightly enough to just go over the net; designed to catch a player who is away from the net off guard. drop volley: Drop shot executed from a volley position.
E
egg: Situation in which the ball is struck high enough to obscure its visibility. elbow: Corner of the baseline and the doubles alley. Entry System: Ranking system used by the ATP and WTA tours, so named because it determines whether a player has a sufficiently high ranking to gain direct acceptance (not as a qualifier or wildcard) into the main draw of a tournament. A player's Entry System ranking is different from his or her Race ranking, which is reset to zero at the beginning of each year. A player carries points and the associated Entry ranking continuously unless those points are lost at a tournament at which the player had previously earned them. exhibition: Tournament in which players compete for the purpose of entertaining the crowd or raising money, but not ranking points on the ATP or WTA tours.F
fault: Serve that fails to land the ball in the correct area of play, therefore not starting the point. Fed CupFed Cup
Fed Cup is the premier team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation...
: International, annual women's tennis competition in which teams from participating countries compete in a single-elimination format tournament with matches occurring at several stages during the year first service: First of the two serves of a tennis ball a player is allowed at the beginning of a point. five: Number of games completed (e.g. "7–5" is spoken as "seven–five"), or a spoken abbreviation of "15" in points (e.g. a score of 40–15 is sometimes spoken as "forty–five"). flat: Shot with relatively little spin. flatliner: Player who hits the ball flat with a very low trajectory with exceptional depth and accuracy so that the ball often strikes the line. Examples include Andre Agassi
Andre Agassi
Andre Kirk Agassi is a retired American professional tennis player and former world no. 1. Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time, Agassi has been called the best service returner in the history of the game...
and Lindsay Davenport
Lindsay Davenport
Lindsay Ann Davenport is a former World No. 1 American professional tennis player. She has won three Grand Slam singles tournaments and an Olympic gold medal in singles. In 2005, TENNIS Magazine ranked her as the 29th-best player of the preceding forty years...
. follow through: Portion of a swing after the ball is hit. foot fault: Type of service fault in which a player, during the serve, steps on or over the baseline into the court before striking the ball. A foot fault may also occur if the player steps on or across the center hash mark and its imaginary perpendicular extension from the baseline to the net. forced error: Miss caused by an opponent's good play; contrasted with unforced error. forehand
Forehand
The forehand in tennis and other racket sports such as table tennis, squash and badminton is a shot made by swinging the racquet across one's body in the direction of where the player wants to place the shot...
: Stroke in which the player hits the ball with the front of the racquet hand facing the ball; contrasted with backhand. fry: Winning (or losing) a set 6–1. The term is used in the Golden Bagel Award
Golden Bagel Award
The Golden Bagel Award is an award established in 2004 that honors the professional male tennis player who has handed out more "bagels" , than any other player on the circuit.-About the award:...
. See also breadstick. Futures: Series of men's tour tennis tournaments which comprise the ITF Men's Circuit
ITF Men's Circuit
The ITF Men's Circuit is a series of professional tennis tournaments held around the world that are organized by the International Tennis Federation. The ITF Men's Circuit represents the lowest rung of the men's professional tennis ladder...
, a tour two levels below the ATP World Tour and one level below the ATP Challenger Tour. Players compete in Futures events (generally when ranked below world no. 300 or so) to garner enough ranking points to gain entry into Challenger events.
G
game pointTennis score
A tennis match is composed of points, games, and sets. A match is won when a player or a doubles team wins the majority of prescribed sets. Traditionally, matches are either a best of three sets or best of five sets format...
: Situation in which the server is leading and needs one more point to win a game. See also break point. ghost in to the net: To approach the net from the baseline while the opposing player is focused on retrieving a ball and therefore unaware that the player is approaching the net. Golden Bagel Award
Golden Bagel Award
The Golden Bagel Award is an award established in 2004 that honors the professional male tennis player who has handed out more "bagels" , than any other player on the circuit.-About the award:...
: Award for male players winning the most bagels (sets won 6-0), from January 1 until the year-end tournament. Davis Cup matches and incomplete sets are not counted. golden set: Set which is won without dropping a single point. Only one man in the history of top-tier professional tour tennis has ever achieved this: Bill Scanlon
Bill Scanlon
Bill Scanlon is a former tennis player from the United States, who won nine singles and two doubles titles during his professional career. The right-hander reached his highest singles ATP ranking on January 9, 1984, when he reached number 9...
against Marcos Hocevar
Marcos Hocevar
Marcos Hocevar , is a former professional tennis player from Brazil.During his career he finished runner-up at 2 singles events and won 1 doubles title. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 30 in 1983 and a career-high doubles ranking of World No...
in the first round of the WCT Gold Coast Classic at Delray Beach on February 22, 1983. Scanlon won the match 6–2, 6–0. The achievement is recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records. In 1943, Pauline Betz
Pauline Betz
Pauline May Betz Addie was an American professional tennis player.She won five Grand Slam singles titles and was the runner-up on three other occasions. Jack Kramer has called her the second best female tennis player he ever saw, behind Helen Wills Moody.-Early life:Betz attended Los Angeles High...
won the Tri-State tournament in Cincinnati, Ohio, defeating Catherine Wolf
Catherine Wolf
Catherine Wolf of Elkhart, Indiana, was an important amateur American tennis player in the 1920s and 1930s.Wolf was ranked No. 10 in the United States in 1934 and 1935....
in the final, 6–0, 6–2, without losing a point in the first set. Golden Slam: Winning the Grand Slam and the tennis Olympic
Tennis at the Summer Olympics
Tennis was part of the Summer Olympic Games program from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, but was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics...
gold medal in a calendar year. This has only been achieved by Steffi Graf
Steffi Graf
Steffi Graf is a former World No. 1 German tennis player.In total, Graf won 22 Grand Slam singles titles, second among male and female players only to Margaret Court's 24...
in 1988. Grand Slam
Grand Slam (tennis)
The four Major tennis tournaments, also called the Slams, are the most important tennis events of the year in terms of world tour ranking points, tradition, prize-money awarded, strength and size of player field, and public attention. They are the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and...
: One of the four most prestigious tournaments in a year: the Australian Open
Australian Open
The Australian Open is the only Grand Slam tennis tournament held in the southern hemisphere. The tournament was held for the first time in 1905 and was last contested on grass in 1987. Since 1972 the Australian Open has been held in Melbourne, Victoria. In 1988, the tournament became a hard court...
, the French Open (or Roland Garros), Wimbledon, and the U.S. Open
U.S. Open (tennis)
The US Open, formally the United States Open Tennis Championships, is a hardcourt tennis tournament which is the modern iteration of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, which for men's singles was first contested in 1881...
. Winning the Grand Slam means winning all four in a calendar year. grinding: Playing out points with a series of shots from the baseline. See also attrition
Attrition
Attrition may refer to:*Physical wear*Attrition warfare, the military strategy of wearing down the enemy by continual losses in personnel and material*Loss of personnel by Withdrawal...
. groundies: See groundstroke. groundstroke
Groundstroke
A groundstroke in tennis is a forehand or backhand shot that is executed after the ball bounces once on the court. It is usually hit from the back of the tennis court, around the baseline....
: Forehand or backhand shot that is executed after the ball bounces once on the court. gut: Type of racquet string made from catgut
Catgut
Catgut is a type of cord that is prepared from the natural fibre found in the walls of animal intestines. Usually sheep or goat intestines are used, but it is occasionally made from the intestines of cattle, hogs, horses, mules, or donkeys.-Etymology:...
.
H
hacker: Player whose strokes seem more accidental than intentional. Hail Mary: Extremely high lob, for defensive purposes. half volleyHalf volley
A half volley in tennis is a shot that is hit immediately after the ball bounces before it reaches the apex of its flight. It is sometimes called an "on the rise shot".-Technique:...
: Shot made after a short bounce or simultaneouy to the bounce. Hawk-Eye
Hawk-Eye
Hawk-Eye is a complex computer system used in cricket, tennis and other sports to visually track the trajectory of the ball and display a record of its most statistically likely path as a moving image. In cricket and tennis, it is now part of the adjudication process. It was developed by engineers...
: High-speed computer system used to track the path of the ball; used with the challenge system to decide contested line calls. head: Portion of the racket that contains the strings. heavy (ball): Ball hit with so much topspin that it feels "heavy" when the opposing player strikes it. hold (serve): To win the game when serving. Hopman Cup
Hopman Cup
The Hopman Cup is an annual international team tennis tournament held in Perth, Western Australia in early January each year, which plays mixed teams on a country by country basis...
: Annual international team tennis tournament. hot dog: Play in which a player chases back to retrieve a lob and then hits the ball between his legs with his back to the net. Also called a tweener.
I
I-formation: Formation used in doubles where the net player begins roughly at the center of the net; used mainly to counter teams that prefer a crosscourt return. inside-out: Running around one side (e.g. the backhand side) and hitting a crosscourt shot. inside-in: Running around one side and hitting it down the line; less popular than the inside-out. insurance break: Break that achieves an overall advantage of two breaks of serve. ITF: International Tennis FederationInternational Tennis Federation
The International Tennis Federation is the governing body of world tennis, made up of 205 national tennis associations.It was established as the International Lawn Tennis Federation by 12 national associations meeting at a conference in Paris, France on 1 March 1913...
, the governing body of world tennis. ITA: Intercollegiate Tennis Association
Intercollegiate Tennis Association
The Intercollegiate Tennis Association is an organization of 1,500 coaches and 15,000 collegiate tennis players, encompassing more than 1,000 college tennis programs...
, the governing body of collegiate tennis in the United States.
J
jamming: Serving or returning straight into the opponent's body. junk ball: Poor-quality stroke producing a slower and harder-to-predict return that is introduced deliberately to upset the flow of the opposition.L
lawn tennis: "Regular" tennis, as opposed to table tennisTable tennis
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight, hollow ball back and forth using table tennis rackets. The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net...
or real tennis
Real tennis
Real tennis – one of several games sometimes called "the sport of kings" – is the original indoor racquet sport from which the modern game of lawn tennis , is descended...
, the game from which tennis is derived. Reflects the fact that the game was first played on grass. let (do-over): Call that requires the point to be replayed. This typically occurs when an otherwise valid serve makes contact with the net. However, a let call can also be made when there is some distraction to either player not caused by the players themselves, such as a ball boy moving behind a receiver, debris flying across the court in windy conditions, or a ball accidentally falling out of a player's pocket or entering from a neighboring court. The call is made by the chair umpire when one is assigned to the match, as in professional matches, or one of the players when there is no chair umpire. When a receiver is legitimately unprepared for a serve, a let is technically the result, even if the word goes unspoken. let-check: Electronic sensor on the net that assists chair umpires in calling lets by detecting vibration. Typically, it is used only on show courts in professional matches, like electronic review. Players and commentators occasionally complain that such devices are too sensitive, that is, indicate too many false positives. line judge: Person designated to observe the passage of tennis balls over the boundary lines of the court. A line judge can declare that a play was inside or outside the play area and cannot be overruled by the players. Line judges must defer to an umpire's decision, even when it contradicts their own observations. lob
Lob (tennis)
A lob in tennis is hitting the ball high and deep into the opponent's court. It can be used as an offensive or defensive weapon depending on the situation.-History:...
: Stroke in which the ball is hit high above the net. If the opposing player or players are up at the net, the intention may be an offensive lob in order to win the point outright. In a defensive lob, the intent is to give the player time to recover and get in position, or, if the opponents are at the net, to force them to chase down the lob. "lingering death" tie-break: Version of the tie-break played as the best of twelve points, with a two-point advantage needed to clinch the set. love: Zero (score
Tennis score
A tennis match is composed of points, games, and sets. A match is won when a player or a doubles team wins the majority of prescribed sets. Traditionally, matches are either a best of three sets or best of five sets format...
) (e.g. "15-0" is spoken "fifteen-love"; "to hold to love" means "to win the game when serving with the opponent scoring zero points"; "to break to love" means "to win the game when receiving with the opponent scoring zero points"). Thought to be derived from the French term, l'oeuf, literally the egg, meaning nothing. love game: Shutout game, won without the opponent's scoring. lucky loser: Highest-ranked player to lose in the final round of qualifying, but still gain acceptance into the main draw of a tournament due to a main draw player's withdrawing. In Grand Slam events, one of the four highest-ranked losers in the final qualifying round is randomly picked as the lucky loser.
M
Mac-Cam: High-speed video camera used for televised instant replays of close shots landing on/near the baseline. Masters CupMasters Cup
The Masters Cup is an annual disc golf tournament held at De Laveaga Disc Golf Course in Santa Cruz, California. The event features both amateur and professional divisions...
: Former name of the year-end ATP championship, in which the eight highest-ranked players compete in a round robin format. match point: Situation in which the player who is leading needs one more point to win the match. Variations of the term are possible, e.g. championship point is the match point in the final match of a championship. Mercedes Super 9: Former name for the nine ATP Masters Series Tournaments mini-break: Point won from the opponent's serve in a tiebreak. To be "up a mini-break" means that the player has one more mini-break than his/her opponent. mis-hit: Stroke in which the racket fails to make contact with the ball in the "sweetspot" area of the strings. mixed doubles: Match played by four players, two male, two female, one of each sex per side of the court. moonball: Medium-high offensive lob hit with topspin (in the UK, also a pejorative term for a defensive, very high return of shot). MOP: Point at 0–30; stands for major opportunity point.
N
net: Interlaced fabric, cord, and tape stretched across the entire width of the court; it is held up by the posts. net point: Point won or lost on approaching the net, as opposed to a point won or lost by a stroke from the baseline. new balls: New set of balls replacing the old ones during the game from time to time due to the fact that strokes make the ball heat up and alter its bounce characteristics; the player first to serve one of the new balls shows it to the opponent. no-man's land: Area between the service line and the baseline, where a player is most vulnerable. not up: Call given by the umpire when an opponent plays a ball that has already bounced twice i.e. the ball was out of play when the player played it NTRP rating: National Tennis Rating Program rating; ranks players on a scale from 1 to 7, with 1 being an absolute beginner and 7 a touring pro.O
officialOfficial (tennis)
In tennis, an official is a person who ensures that a match or tournament is conducted according to the International Tennis Federation Rules of Tennis and other competition regulations....
: Member of the officiating team: tournament referee, chair umpire, or linesman. OP: Stands for opportunity point; 15–30, an opportunity to potentially break serve. open stance: Modern technique in which the hitter's body facing is at an angle between parallel to the baseline and facing the opponent. See also closed stance. out: Describes a ball that lands outside the play area. overhead: Stroke in which the player hits the ball over his/her head; if the shot is hit relatively strongly, it is referred to as a smash
Smash (tennis)
A smash in tennis is a shot that is hit above the head with a serve-like motion. A smash can usually be hit with great force relatively safely and is often a shot that ends the point. Most smashes are hit fairly near the net or in mid-court before the ball bounces, generally against lobs that have...
; smashes are often referred to as simply overheads, although not every overhead shot is a smash. overrule: To reverse a linesperson's call, done by the umpire. overwrap: Material wrapped over the handle of the racket to absorb moisture. Includes gauze or Tournagrip (tradename).
P
passing shot: Shot that passes by (not over) the opponent at the net. See also lob. poaching: In doubles, an aggressive move where the player at the net moves to volley a shot intended for his/her partner. pointPoint (tennis)
A point in tennis is the smallest subdivision of the match, the completion of which changes the score. A point can consist of a double fault by the server, in which case it is won by the receiver; otherwise, it begins with a legal serve by one side's server to the receiver on the other, and...
: Period of play between the first successful service of a ball and the point at which that ball goes out of play. pre-qualifying: Tournament in which the winner earns a wildcard into a tournament's qualifying draw. pressureless ball: Special type of tennis ball that does not have a core of pressurized air as standard balls do, but rather has a core made of solid rubber, or a core filled tightly with micro-particles. Quality pressureless balls are approved for top-pro play generally, but pressureless balls are typically used mostly at high altitudes, where standard balls would be greatly affected by the difference between the high pressure in the ball and the thin air. protected ranking: Players injured for a minimum of six months can ask for a protected ranking, which is based on his or her average ranking during the first three months of his or her injury. The player can use his or her protected ranking to enter tournaments' main draws or qualifying competitions when coming back from injury. pulp: 30–30, not quite deuce (juice). pusher: Player who does not try to hit winners, but only to return the ball safely; often used in a derogative manner. putaway: Offensive shot to try to end the point with no hope of a return.
Q
qualies: Qualifying competition of a tournament, where each participant competes for a place in the tournament's main draw. qualification round: Final round of play in a pre-tournament qualification competition; winning players in this round qualify for the tournament's main draw qualifier: Player who reaches the tournament's main draw by competing in a pre-tournament qualifying competition, rather than automatically by virtue of his/her world ranking, by being awarded a wildcard, or other exemption.R
racquet (racket): Bat with a long handle and a large looped frame with a string mesh tautly stretched across it, the frame made of wood, metal, graphite, composite, or some other synthetic material, used by a tennis player to hit the tennis ball during a game of tennis. rallyRally (tennis)
A rally in tennis is a sequence of shots within a point.A rally starts with serve and return of the serve, and a sequence of shots until the point is won by one of the players....
: Following the service of a tennis ball, a series of return hits of the ball that ends when one or other player fails to return the ball within the court boundary or fails to return a ball that falls within the play area. receiver: Person who is being served to. referee: Person in charge of enforcing the rules in a tournament, as opposed to a tennis match. See also umpire. reflex volley: Volley in which the player has no time to plan the shot, and instead reacts instinctively to get the racket in position to return the ball. This occurs frequently in doubles and in advanced singles. retirement: Player's withdrawal during a match, usually due to injury, causing the player to forfeit his/her place in the tournament. For a pre-match withdrawal, see walkover. retriever: Defensive baseliner. See tennis strategy
Tennis strategy
In tennis, a player uses different strategies that both enhance his own strengths and exploit his opponent's weaknesses in order to gain the advantage and win more points....
. return ace: Shot in which the opponent serves, the receiver returns the serve, and the opponent does not hit the ball. rising shot: Shot in which the ball is hit before it reaches its apex; also hitting on the rise. round of 16: Round of a tournament prior to the quarterfinals in which there are 16 players remaining, corresponds to the fourth round of 128-draw tournament, the third round of a 64-draw, and second round of a 32-draw tournament. round robin: Tournament format in which players are organised into groups of three or four players and compete against all other members of the group. Players are then ranked according to number of matches, sets, and games won and head-to-head records. The top one, two, or four players then qualify for the next stage of the tournament. rubber: Individual match, singles or doubles, within a Davis Cup tie.
S
second service: Second and final of the two serves a player is allowed at the beginning of a point. seed: Player whose position in a tournament has been arranged based on his/her ranking so as not to meet other ranking players in the early rounds of play. For a given tournament there are specified number of seeds, depending on the size of the draw. For ATP tournaments, typically one out of four players are seeds. For example, a 32-draw International Series tournament would have eight seeds. The seeds are chosen and ranked by the tournament organizers and are selected because they are the players with the highest ranking who also, in the estimation of the organizers, have the best chance of winning the tournament. serveServe (tennis)
A serve in tennis is a shot to start a point. A player begins a serve by tossing the ball into the air and hitting it into the diagonally opposite backside box without being stopped by the net. The ball can only touch the net on a return and will be considered good if it falls on the opposite side...
: Also, as a noun, service. To begin a point by hitting the ball into the opponent's half of the court. service game: With regard to a player, the game in which the player is serving (e.g. "Player A won a love service game" means that Player A has won a game where (s)he was serving without the opponent scoring). serve and volley
Serve and volley
Serve and volley is a style of play in tennis where the player serving moves quickly towards the net after hitting a serve. The server then attempts to hit a volley , as opposed to the baseline style, where the server would stay back following the serve and attempt to hit a groundstroke Serve and...
: Strategy to serve and immediately move forward to make a volley. set point: Situation in which the player who is leading needs one more point to win a set. If the player is serving in such a situation, (s)he is said to be "serving for the set". shank: Significantly misdirected shot, the result of hitting the ball in an unintentional manner, typically with the frame of the racket. Such shots typically go very high in the air, go into the stands or an adjacent court, and/or land far outside the lines. However, it is possible to hit a shank that lands validly in the court. singles
Singles (tennis)
Traditionally, tennis is played between two people in a singles match, or two pairs in a doubles match.-Standard types of match:Singles involves two players competing against each other, usually two men or two women, although games between a man and a woman may be played on an informal...
: Game played by two players. singles sticks: Pair of poles which are placed underneath the net near the singles sideline for the purpose of raising it for singles play. sitter: Shot which is hit with very little pace and no spin, which bounces high after landing, thus being an easy shot to put away. sledgehammer: Two-handed backhand winner down the line. slice: Shot with underspin, or a serve with sidespin. smash
Smash (tennis)
A smash in tennis is a shot that is hit above the head with a serve-like motion. A smash can usually be hit with great force relatively safely and is often a shot that ends the point. Most smashes are hit fairly near the net or in mid-court before the ball bounces, generally against lobs that have...
: Strongly hit overhead, typically executed when the player who hits the shot is very close to the net and can therefore hit the ball nearly vertically, often so that it bounces into the stands, making it unreturnable. spank: To hit a groundstroke flat with a lot of pace. special exempt: Players who are unable to appear in a tournament's qualifying draw because they are still competing in a previous tournament can be awarded a spot in the main draw by special exempt. spin: Rotation of the ball as it moves through the air, affecting its trajectory and bounce. See backspin
Backspin
In racquet sports, backspin , is a shot such that the ball rotates backwards after it is hit. The trajectory of the shot involves an upward force that lifts the ball...
, topspin
Topspin
In ball sports, topspin is a property of a ball that rotates as if rolling in the same direction as it is moving. Topspin on a shot imparts a downward force that causes the ball to drop, due to its interaction with the air . It can be generated by hitting the ball with an up-and-forward swing, with...
, and underspin. split step: a footwork technique in which a player makes a small hop just before the opponent hits the ball. spot serving/server: Serving with precision, resulting in the ball landing either on or near the intersection of the center service line and service line or singles tramline and service line. squash shot: Forehand or backhand shot typically hit on the run from a defensive position, either with slice, or from behind the player's stance. stick volley: Volley hit crisply, resulting in shot with a sharp downward trajectory. straight sets: Situation in which the winner of a match does not lose a set. A straight set may also mean a set which is won by a score of 6-something; i.e. is won at the first opportunity and does not reach five games all. strings
Strings (tennis)
In tennis, the strings are the part of a tennis racquet which make contact with the ball. The strings form a woven network inside the head of the racquet...
: Material woven through the face of the racquet. The strings are where contact with the ball is supposed to be made. string saver: Tiny piece of plastic that is sometimes inserted where the strings cross, to prevent the strings from abrading each other and prematurely breaking. stroke: Striking of the ball. "sudden death" tie-break: Version of the tiebreak played as the best of nine points, with the last being a deciding point to clinch the set. sweetspot: Central area of the raquet head which is the best location for making contact with the ball.
T
tank: To lose a match because of poor mental game; or to purposely lose a non-vital set, so as to focus energy and attention on a match-deciding set. tape it: To play an unforced error that hits the tape at the top of the net. tennis ballTennis ball
A tennis ball is a ball designed for the sport of tennis,approximately 6.7 cm in diameter. Tennis balls are generally bright green, but in recreational play can be virtually any color. Tennis balls are covered in a fibrous fluffy felt which modifies their aerodynamic properties...
: Soft, hollow, air-filled rubber ball coated in a synthetic fur, used in the game of tennis. See also pressureless ball. T: Place where the center line and service line intersect to form a T. tennis bubble: Indoor tennis facility consisting of a domed structure which is supported by air pressure generated by blowers inside the structure. tennis dad: Father of a tennis player, commonly portrayed by the media as having a domineering personality, and sometimes willing to use it or be disruptive in order to fulfil his children's ambitions. tennis elbow: Common injury in beginner to intermediate tennis players, possibly due to improper technique or a racket which transmits excessive vibration to the arm. Tennis Hall of Fame: International Tennis Hall of Fame
International Tennis Hall of Fame
The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. The hall of fame and honors players and contributors to the sport of tennis and includes a museum, grass tennis courts, an indoor tennis facility, and a court tennis facility.-History:The hall of fame and...
located in Newport, Rhode Island; it hosts an annual tournament around the inductee ceremony. tie: Synonymous with match, but used for the Davis Cup
Davis Cup
The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation and is contested between teams of players from competing countries in a knock-out format. The competition began in 1900 as a challenge between Britain and the United States. By...
. tiebreak: Special game played when the score is 6–6 in a set to decide the winner of the set; the winner is the first to reach at least seven points with a difference of two over the opponent. topspin
Topspin
In ball sports, topspin is a property of a ball that rotates as if rolling in the same direction as it is moving. Topspin on a shot imparts a downward force that causes the ball to drop, due to its interaction with the air . It can be generated by hitting the ball with an up-and-forward swing, with...
: Spin of a ball where the top of the ball rotates toward the direction of travel; the spin goes forward over the top of the ball, causing the ball to dip and bounce at a higher angle to the court. touch: Occurs when a player touches any part of the net when the ball is still in play, losing the point. tramline: Line defining the limit of play on the side of a singles or doubles court. trampolining: Effect which occurs when striking a ball flat with a racket that is strung at a very loose tension. Trampolining results in a shot that has a very high velocity. tree: Player who is playing much better than normal, or a shot that a player hits that he/she would not usually make. treeing: Someone who is playing much better than normal. triple bagel: Three sets won to love. See bagel. tweener: Trick shot first popularized by Yannick Noah
Yannick Noah
Yannick Noah is a former professional tennis player from France. He is best remembered for being the last French man to win the French Open in 1983, and as a highly-successful captain of France's Davis Cup and Fed Cup teams...
which involves hitting the ball between the legs from front to rear while retrieving an offensive lob. See also hot dog. twist serve: Serve hit with a combination of slice and topspin which results in a curving trajectory and high bounce in the opposite direction of the ball's flight trajectory. See also kick serve.
U
underspin: Spin of a ball where the top of the ball rotates away from the direction of travel; the spin is underneath the ball, causing the ball to float and to bounce at a lower angle to the court. umpire: Person designated to enforce the rules of the game during play, usually sitting on a high chair beside the net. underhand service (serve): Service in which the player serving delivers the ball with his or her racquet below shoulder level. In intermediate level tennis this is considered unusual but an acceptable ploy. In upper-intermediate and professional events, the practice would generally be considered insulting, but there may be exceptions (for example, if the server is injured). unforced error: Error in a service or return shot that cannot be attributed to any factor other than poor judgment and execution by the player. U.S. Open: see US Open. (Note, United States is typically abbreviated with periods to refer to the golf tournament, without periods to refer to tennis.) unseeded player: Player who is not a seed in a tournament.V
volleyVolley (tennis)
A volley in tennis is a shot in which the ball is struck before it bounces on the ground. Generally a player hits a volley while standing near the net, although it can be executed farther back, in the middle of the tennis court or even near the baseline....
: a shot hit by a player before it bounces on his own side of the court.
W
walkover: Unopposed victory. A walkover is awarded when the opponent fails to start the match for any reason, such as injury. wild card: Player allowed to play in a tournament, even if his/her rank is not adequate or he/she does not register in time. Typically a few places in the draw are reserved for wild cards, which may be for local players who do not gain direct acceptance or for players who are just outside the ranking required to gain direct acceptance. Wild cards may also be given to players whose ranking has dropped due to a long-term injury. Wimbledon: see The Championships, WimbledonThe Championships, Wimbledon
The Championships, Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon , is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, considered by many to be the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London since 1877. It is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the other three Majors...
. winner: Forcing shot that cannot be reached by the opponent and wins the point; a forcing serve that is reached by the opponent, but is not returned properly, and wins the point. women's doubles: Match between two pairs of women, with one pair on each side of the net. See also mixed doubles. WTA: Women's Tennis Association
Women's Tennis Association
The Women's Tennis Association , founded in 1973 by Billie Jean King, is the principal organizing body of Women's Professional Tennis. It governs the WTA Tour which is the worldwide professional tennis tour for women. Its counterpart organization in the men's professional game is the Association of...
, the women's professional circuit.