Tequixquiac
Encyclopedia
Santiago Tequixquiac is the seat of the municipality
of Tequixquiac located in the northeastern part of the state of Mexico in Mexico
, although both are commonly called Tequixquiac. The town is located at a northern pass leading out of the Valley of Mexico
and about 120 km northeast of the state capital of Toluca
. This name come from Nahuatl
and means "place of the sodium bicarbonate waters".
. Humans were most likely drawn here due to the location's abundance of streams and springs.
The Mexica
passed by here in their wanderings from Aztlan
before founding the city of Tenochtitlan (later Mexico City). The foundation of the town itself dates to 1168 AD by the Chichimeca
s who settled under the influence of the Olmec
s, but pottery and other artifacts found here also show Huasteca, Mixtec
and Totonac
influences. Historical records show that the town was dominated by the Toltec
s, the Tepanecas as well as the Aztecs. The Aztec
s were the last to take control, after Chimalpopoca
conquered the area in 1415. Tequixquiac remained in the Tepaneca district of the Aztec Empire under the authority of the lord of Tacuba
, paying tribute to him at Hueypoxtla
. The town kept its chiefs, now loyal to the Aztecs, one of the last of which was Acalmiztli, who supposedly was very respected among his subjects. The inhabitants of pre-Conquest Tequixquiac were known for their strict honor code and being advanced in medicine, education, architecture and civil engineering
.
After the fall of the Aztec empire to the Spanish, Hernán Cortés
awarded the town and the area around it as an encomienda
to two conquistadors, Martín López, who constructed the brigantine
s that helped destroy Tenochtitlan and Andrés Núñez. In this town, along with Apaxco
and Hueypoxtla
, lime
began to be extracted, using Indian forced labor. Indian families were displaced off their lands in 1552 by Francisco López de Tlaltzintlale to make way for more Spanish settlers. The viceregal government justified this by religious means. They had the Franciscans build new chapels built on the various encomiendas and settled the Indians around these. One of these chapels was the Temple of Santiago Tequixquiac which had authority over the new villages of San Mateo Hueycalco, San Sebastián Tlalachco and others. This temple was constructed in 1569. It became a formal parish in 1590.
This temple was constructed in various phases. The atrium was a large space encased in stone with a cross on top of it but with Christian and indigenous symboles mixed on its walls. In each of its four corners there are wells and in the center there is an open space with Solomonic column
s. The facade contains two doorways that are elaborately decorated in stonework which contains indigenous symbolism as well. The temple and the town are dedicated to the Apostle James. During a drought
, a sculpture of the "Señor de la Capilla" (Our Lord of the Chapel) was brought over to Tequixquiac from Apaxco. When the drought broke, the image was not returned, presumably because it was made of fiber and had grown too heavy to carry. From then on, it has stayed in this town and many miracles have been attributed to it. The parish's vault was constructed in 1856.
The first school in the town was built in 1856 in the San Miguelito neighborhood by Narciso Vargas.
The Grand Canal was built through here during the presidency of Porfirio Diaz
in order the drain the Valley of Mexico. During its construction many of the archeological finds that inform of the early existence of humans in this area were found. One of the engineers of the canal project, Tito Rosas, is credited with finding the "Sacro de Tequixquiac". In the 20th century, the production of pulque
was economically important here, with the Hacienda of San Sebastián being the major producer. A railway to connect Mexico City with the rest of the country was built through here in 1917 on what is now Alfredo del Mazo street but was dismantled for political reason in 1945.
The town became urbanized as part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
starting in the 1950's.
, Hueypoxtla
, Zumpango, Huehuetoca
and the state of Hidalgo. The municipal seat is in a small, elongated valley but most of the municipality is on a high mesa
which transitions from the Valley of Mexico to the Valley of Mezquital.
Texquixquiac was one of the first town to become a municipality under the provisions of the Cadiz Constitution, before the end of the Mexican War of Independence
, becoming so on 29 November 1820.
During the Mexican Revolution
, General Emiliano Zapata arrived to Tequixquiac and redistributed the lands of the municipality. Approximately 275 hectares of land was redistributed under the ejido
system. Another 3,338 hectares was awarded as ejido land by President Emilio Portes Gil
. A system to irrigate
these lands was sponsored by President Lazaro Cardenas
between 1937 and 1938, installing a pump to take water out of the drainage canal to irrigate lands here.
Another drainage canal for the Valley of Mexico was built through here in 1954 under the presidency of Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
. This spurred economic development of the municipality by increasing the number of cultivable land. The construction of a highway connecting the municipality to Zumpango, Apaxco and the state of Hidalgo helped it to reach new markets.
The municipality's economy has traditionally been based in agriculture, especially in the growing of corn, mostly used for auto-consumption. However, climatic change has diminished harvests and the growth of commerce in the form of small and medium-sized businesses have grown. Industry here is minimal.
from Asia. These people were nomadic, hunting large animals such as mammoths and gathering fruits as evidenced by archaeological evidence found at the site. One of the most salient discoveries of primitive art in America was found in here, called the Tequixquiac Bone, which had no purpose but which merely reflected the ideological sense of the artist who carved the piece of bone from a camelid
around 22,000 years BCE. The first indigenous settlers of Tequixquiac were the Aztecs and Otomi, who decided to settle here permanently for the abundance of rivers and springs. They were engaged mainly in agriculture and the breeding of domestic animals.
In 1152, the Aztecs, on their way to the Valley of Mexico from Tula-Xicocotitlan to Tequixquiac, decided to settle for a short time at a place called Tepetongo.
In 1168, the village of Tequixquiac was founded, which had approximately 250 houses scattered the length and breadth of the nearby hills. Tequixquiac village was conquered by the Aztecs under the rule of Emperor Chimalpopoca.
During the colonialization after the fall of Tenochtitlan, Hernán Cortés
rewarded his soldiers with parcels of land and one of them was Tequixquiac that was given to two Spaniards, one of whom was Martín López, builder of the launches in taking Tenochtitlan, and the other Andrés Núñez was being split in two, their children inherited after his death. Tequixquiac Corregimiento Zitlatepec belonged at this time the Viceroy Luis de Velasco to regulation mandates the protection of indigenous people.
In the territory of Tequixquiac, Apaxco and Hueypoxtla had deposits of limestone, through grants awarded to the Spanish introduced a thriving industry using Indian labor, decimating the population in conditions of extreme poverty and forced labor.
They gathered the scattered families tlaxcaltecas by Francisco Lopez de Tlaltzintlale by the year 1552 to strip them of their land and these were distributed through grants to Spanish real.
The Spanish empire seeking to justify their acts through the Christian mission. The Franciscans arrived in New Spain in 1524 but before they arrived some clerics to evangelize the Indians built a chapel in each encomienda. In 1168, the village was founded Tequixquiac, which had approximately 250 houses scattered throughout the Lomer o nearby. Tequixquiac village was conquered by the Aztecs, under the rule of Emperor Chimalpopoca. With the help of the Franciscan friars of the temple was built Santiago Apostol, to reach the rank of parish.
Parroquia de Santiago Apostol in Tequixquiac.
The Church of Santiago Tequixquiac became a parish in 1590. The construction of the building was carried out at different stages; the parish was a large atrium space with a cross in the center atrial carved stone, with indigenous and Christian symbols in the four corners chapels in the pits and an open chapel
with beautiful columns on the facade and two extraordinarily jambs carved stone hands Indians who left part of his philosophy embodied in this one. The temple was dedicated to Santiago Apostol, because some families Galicia, Asturias Andalusia and Leon were definitivamte in the region.
At the beginning of the political jurisdiction of Tequixquiac covered the current territory of Tlapanaloya without the people to be integrated into the eighteenth century. For some time I add Apaxco because it did not for an economic infraestrctura jurisdiction.
During the independence movement came to the news by Tequixquiac dances and arrieria as the media. Tequixquiac was among the first peoples of that province was constituted as a municipality on November 29, 1820 by joining the independence of Mexico on the basis of the Constitution of Cadiz.
Bando Municipal For the December 17, 1823, he published Tequixquiac the form of government that would govern the country. 'Mexican nation adopts for its government as representative of People's Federal Republic,' published in the same way the oath to the Constitution of the United Mexican States in October 1824.
By Decree No. 41 of April 8, 1825, was added to Zumpango: Hueypoxtla and Tequixquiac belonging andalusia Tetepango party, based on the law at the same time, the prefect of Tula and separates Tequixquiac haciendas de Tena and corners of the municipality of Guadalupe Atitalaquia.
For the year 1830 comes the news of the attempted revolution in Mexico City.
The band wind Longino Don Franco, a native of EL Refugio, who stands out as the jealous guardian and interpreter of the contra de Las Varas, and dissemination of music under the guidance note wind symphony paso doble, marches, a large repertoire of Mexican folk music and modern popular music.
A musical group The internationally recognized named Los Bybys, the vast majority of its members were from this area. This group has had appearances in many cities, so also in the United States, Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, Bolivia and Spain.
Another very important band in the town are the "Pavitos del Norte", from the town of Tlapanaloya, this musical group composed norteño as the cumbia chiloya which was the inspiration of Mr. Froilan Mendoza Martínez and lead singer.
The people have an attachment to the land and the natural environment, are semi-rural behavior by its proximity to the Mexico City metropolitan area, Cerro Mesa Ahumada is a well-preserved natural area that you can still enjoy their areas and also has many species of flora and fauna that is no longer possible to see in other neighbor municipalities.
In addition, Tequixquiac is one of the metropolitan municipalities of Mexico City where the footprint is moderate and the impact of industrial and urban human activities is lower than in other municipalities in the state or shares quines neighborhood. However, a major environmental problem that has suffered the township is over Tequixquiac tunnel open, a great work of the government of former president Porfirio Diaz, the tunnel has been a focus of infection and the amount of waste gases given off by sewage from residential, commercial, industrial and hospital areas of Mexico City
.
Tunnel of Tequixquiac causes debate among the locals, the Comición Nacional del Agua and different levels of government, if it continues the extension of the tunnel on the river Xothé (Great Channel) would be million-dollar of water in the area and that seems contradictory but wastewater are the ones who keep the fields green and the area also filtering the water is decanted into the ground and a number of underground streams vital to the ecological balance of the area, if you cancel the water suminstro black for agricultural use would grow ambisiosa speculation and force the ejidatarios to sell their land for housing developments and ecological desatre descadenaría a great impact on the country, since this region and others in the Midwest buffer areas rain water filtration for not disproportionately urban land and regulate the temperature of the Valley of Mexico
.
Within the municipality there are environmental groups seeking to improve the natural environment through environmental campaigns of reforestation, garbage collection and recycling, information workshops for uses of wastewater and protection against forest fires. These groups highlighted Acatlán AC, Granito de Arena AC.
is a sport practiced in this township and was brought by workers in the tunnel since 1938.
In Barrio de San Mateo, there is evidence that previously played in front wall of the engineers who built Tequixquiac Tunnel and ports, this area is called the pediment precisely. Today is played racquetball at Deportivo Necaxa Brothers 11 north of town (Tlapanaloya road cross).
The municipality has pasted sports where practice of horsemanship, football, indoor soccer, baseball, basketball, racquetball, mountain biking, and also has private gyms and swimming school (Pixan kay) units are technically "sports ".
Part of the heritage of the engineers also, we left the baseball is still practiced by elderly adults as Arnaldo Paez Navarro is 74 year-old Don Felix Vasquez Flores.
There is also a cultural center where we practice Tae Kwon Do.
Municipalities of Mexico
Municipalities are the second-level administrative division in Mexico . There are 2,438 municipalities in Mexico, making the average municipality population 45,616...
of Tequixquiac located in the northeastern part of the state of Mexico in Mexico
Mexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
, although both are commonly called Tequixquiac. The town is located at a northern pass leading out of the Valley of Mexico
Valley of Mexico
The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of the State of Mexico. Surrounded by mountains and volcanoes, the Valley of Mexico was a centre for several pre-Columbian civilizations, including...
and about 120 km northeast of the state capital of Toluca
Toluca
Toluca, formally known as Toluca de Lerdo, is the state capital of Mexico State as well as the seat of the Municipality of Toluca. It is the center of a rapidly growing urban area, now the fifth largest in Mexico. It is located west-southwest of Mexico City and only about 40 minutes by car to the...
. This name come from Nahuatl
Nahuatl
Nahuatl is thought to mean "a good, clear sound" This language name has several spellings, among them náhuatl , Naoatl, Nauatl, Nahuatl, Nawatl. In a back formation from the name of the language, the ethnic group of Nahuatl speakers are called Nahua...
and means "place of the sodium bicarbonate waters".
The town
The area has been populated at least for the past 12,000 years according to archeological artifacts found in this area including some of the first examples of art done by men in the Americas, three shells decorated by filling in the lower portions with precious material called the "Sacro (sacrum) de Tequixquiac." This artefact is located in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico CityMexico City
Mexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...
. Humans were most likely drawn here due to the location's abundance of streams and springs.
The Mexica
Mexica
The Mexica were a pre-Columbian people of central Mexico.Mexica may also refer to:*Mexica , a board game designed by Wolfgang Kramer and Michael Kiesling*Mexica , a 2005 novel by Norman Spinrad...
passed by here in their wanderings from Aztlan
Aztlán
Aztlán is the mythical ancestral home of the Nahua peoples, one of the main cultural groups in Mesoamerica. And, by extension, is the mythical homeland of the Uto-Aztecan peoples. Aztec is the Nahuatl word for "people from Aztlan".-Legend:...
before founding the city of Tenochtitlan (later Mexico City). The foundation of the town itself dates to 1168 AD by the Chichimeca
Chichimeca
Chichimeca was the name that the Nahua peoples of Mexico generically applied to a wide range of semi-nomadic peoples who inhabited the north of modern-day Mexico and southwestern United States, and carried the same sense as the European term "barbarian"...
s who settled under the influence of the Olmec
Olmec
The Olmec were the first major Pre-Columbian civilization in Mexico. They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in the modern-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco....
s, but pottery and other artifacts found here also show Huasteca, Mixtec
Mixtec
The Mixtec are indigenous Mesoamerican peoples inhabiting the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Puebla in a region known as La Mixteca. The Mixtecan languages form an important branch of the Otomanguean language family....
and Totonac
Totonac
The Totonac people resided in the eastern coastal and mountainous regions of Mexico at the time of the Spanish arrival in 1519. Today they reside in the states of Veracruz, Puebla, and Hidalgo. They are one of the possible builders of the Pre-Columbian city of El Tajín, and further maintained...
influences. Historical records show that the town was dominated by the Toltec
Toltec
The Toltec culture is an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula, Hidalgo in the early post-classic period of Mesoamerican chronology...
s, the Tepanecas as well as the Aztecs. The Aztec
Aztec
The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the late post-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology.Aztec is the...
s were the last to take control, after Chimalpopoca
Chimalpopoca
Chimalpopoca was the third king of Tenochtitlan .-Rule:On the day of Chimalpopoca's coronation in 1417 , his brother Tlacaelel I was named high priest...
conquered the area in 1415. Tequixquiac remained in the Tepaneca district of the Aztec Empire under the authority of the lord of Tacuba
Tacuba
Tacuba is a municipality in the Ahuachapán department of El Salvador.-Church Of Tacuba:It is located in Villa of Tacuba. It is head of the municipality of the same name in the department of Ahuachapán, at about 14 Kilometers of the city of Ahuachapán and at 700 meters over the sea level...
, paying tribute to him at Hueypoxtla
Hueypoxtla
Hueypoxtla is a town and municipality in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 80.34 km².As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 31,080....
. The town kept its chiefs, now loyal to the Aztecs, one of the last of which was Acalmiztli, who supposedly was very respected among his subjects. The inhabitants of pre-Conquest Tequixquiac were known for their strict honor code and being advanced in medicine, education, architecture and civil engineering
Civil engineering
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings...
.
After the fall of the Aztec empire to the Spanish, Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century...
awarded the town and the area around it as an encomienda
Encomienda
The encomienda was a system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the colonization of the Americas to regulate Native American labor....
to two conquistadors, Martín López, who constructed the brigantine
Brigantine
In sailing, a brigantine or hermaphrodite brig is a vessel with two masts, only the forward of which is square rigged.-Origins of the term:...
s that helped destroy Tenochtitlan and Andrés Núñez. In this town, along with Apaxco
Apaxco
Apaxco is a town and municipality, in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 80.34 km², It's the fataloid homeland of the Efrax contrerus.As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 25,738....
and Hueypoxtla
Hueypoxtla
Hueypoxtla is a town and municipality in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 80.34 km².As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 31,080....
, lime
Agricultural lime
Agricultural lime, also called aglime, agricultural limestone, garden lime or liming, is a soil additive made from pulverized limestone or chalk. The primary active component is calcium carbonate...
began to be extracted, using Indian forced labor. Indian families were displaced off their lands in 1552 by Francisco López de Tlaltzintlale to make way for more Spanish settlers. The viceregal government justified this by religious means. They had the Franciscans build new chapels built on the various encomiendas and settled the Indians around these. One of these chapels was the Temple of Santiago Tequixquiac which had authority over the new villages of San Mateo Hueycalco, San Sebastián Tlalachco and others. This temple was constructed in 1569. It became a formal parish in 1590.
This temple was constructed in various phases. The atrium was a large space encased in stone with a cross on top of it but with Christian and indigenous symboles mixed on its walls. In each of its four corners there are wells and in the center there is an open space with Solomonic column
Solomonic column
The Solomonic column, also called Barley-sugar column, is a helical column, characterized by a spiraling twisting shaft like a corkscrew...
s. The facade contains two doorways that are elaborately decorated in stonework which contains indigenous symbolism as well. The temple and the town are dedicated to the Apostle James. During a drought
Drought
A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region...
, a sculpture of the "Señor de la Capilla" (Our Lord of the Chapel) was brought over to Tequixquiac from Apaxco. When the drought broke, the image was not returned, presumably because it was made of fiber and had grown too heavy to carry. From then on, it has stayed in this town and many miracles have been attributed to it. The parish's vault was constructed in 1856.
The first school in the town was built in 1856 in the San Miguelito neighborhood by Narciso Vargas.
The Grand Canal was built through here during the presidency of Porfirio Diaz
Porfirio Díaz
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican-American War volunteer and French intervention hero, an accomplished general and the President of Mexico continuously from 1876 to 1911, with the exception of a brief term in 1876 when he left Juan N...
in order the drain the Valley of Mexico. During its construction many of the archeological finds that inform of the early existence of humans in this area were found. One of the engineers of the canal project, Tito Rosas, is credited with finding the "Sacro de Tequixquiac". In the 20th century, the production of pulque
Pulque
Pulque, or octli, is a milk-colored, somewhat viscous alcoholic beverage made from the fermented sap of the maguey plant, and is a traditional native beverage of Mexico. The drink’s history extends far back into the Mesoamerican period, when it was considered sacred, and its use was limited to...
was economically important here, with the Hacienda of San Sebastián being the major producer. A railway to connect Mexico City with the rest of the country was built through here in 1917 on what is now Alfredo del Mazo street but was dismantled for political reason in 1945.
The town became urbanized as part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
Greater Mexico City
Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, officially called Mexico City Metropolitan Area , constituted by the Federal District—itself composed of 16 boroughs—and 41 adjacent municipalities of the states of Mexico and Hidalgo...
starting in the 1950's.
The municipality
As municipal seat, the town of Santiago Tequixquiac has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: La Heredad, San Miguel, Tlapanaloya, El Cenicero, Colonia Wenceslao Labra, Colonia La Esperanza, Palo Grande, Monte Alto, El Crucero, La Arenilla, La Rinconada and La Vega. The total municipality extends 96.37 and borders with the municipalities of ApaxcoApaxco
Apaxco is a town and municipality, in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 80.34 km², It's the fataloid homeland of the Efrax contrerus.As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 25,738....
, Hueypoxtla
Hueypoxtla
Hueypoxtla is a town and municipality in Mexico State in Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 80.34 km².As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 31,080....
, Zumpango, Huehuetoca
Huehuetoca
Huehuetoca is a municipio in Mexico State, central Mexico, and also the name of its largest locality and municipal seat.-Name origins:...
and the state of Hidalgo. The municipal seat is in a small, elongated valley but most of the municipality is on a high mesa
Mesa
A mesa or table mountain is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape....
which transitions from the Valley of Mexico to the Valley of Mezquital.
Texquixquiac was one of the first town to become a municipality under the provisions of the Cadiz Constitution, before the end of the Mexican War of Independence
Mexican War of Independence
The Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and the Spanish colonial authorities which started on 16 September 1810. The movement, which became known as the Mexican War of Independence, was led by Mexican-born Spaniards, Mestizos and Amerindians who sought...
, becoming so on 29 November 1820.
During the Mexican Revolution
Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle that started in 1910, with an uprising led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz. The Revolution was characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist, populist, and agrarianist movements. Over time the Revolution...
, General Emiliano Zapata arrived to Tequixquiac and redistributed the lands of the municipality. Approximately 275 hectares of land was redistributed under the ejido
Ejido
The ejido system is a process whereby the government promotes the use of communal land shared by the people of the community. This use of community land was a common practice during the time of Aztec rule in Mexico...
system. Another 3,338 hectares was awarded as ejido land by President Emilio Portes Gil
Emilio Portes Gil
Emilio Cándido Portes Gil was President of Mexico from 1928 to 1930.-Biography:Portes Gil was born in Ciudad Victoria, the capital of the state of Tamaulipas in northeast Mexico....
. A system to irrigate
Irrigation
Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall...
these lands was sponsored by President Lazaro Cardenas
Lázaro Cárdenas
Lázaro Cárdenas del Río was President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940.-Early life:Lázaro Cárdenas was born on May 21, 1895 in a lower-middle class family in the village of Jiquilpan, Michoacán. He supported his family from age 16 after the death of his father...
between 1937 and 1938, installing a pump to take water out of the drainage canal to irrigate lands here.
Another drainage canal for the Valley of Mexico was built through here in 1954 under the presidency of Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
Adolfo Ruiz Cortines was President of Mexico from 1952 to 1958, representing the Institutional Revolutionary Party he was one of the oldest presidents of Mexico...
. This spurred economic development of the municipality by increasing the number of cultivable land. The construction of a highway connecting the municipality to Zumpango, Apaxco and the state of Hidalgo helped it to reach new markets.
The municipality's economy has traditionally been based in agriculture, especially in the growing of corn, mostly used for auto-consumption. However, climatic change has diminished harvests and the growth of commerce in the form of small and medium-sized businesses have grown. Industry here is minimal.
History
Sacrum bone found in Tequixquiac is considered a work of prehistoric art. The town was inhabited in 35,000 BCE by primitive men who had crossed the Bering StraitBering Strait
The Bering Strait , known to natives as Imakpik, is a sea strait between Cape Dezhnev, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, the easternmost point of the Asian continent and Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska, USA, the westernmost point of the North American continent, with latitude of about 65°40'N,...
from Asia. These people were nomadic, hunting large animals such as mammoths and gathering fruits as evidenced by archaeological evidence found at the site. One of the most salient discoveries of primitive art in America was found in here, called the Tequixquiac Bone, which had no purpose but which merely reflected the ideological sense of the artist who carved the piece of bone from a camelid
Camelid
Camelids are members of the biological family Camelidae, the only living family in the suborder Tylopoda. Dromedaries, Bactrian Camels, llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and guanacos are in this group....
around 22,000 years BCE. The first indigenous settlers of Tequixquiac were the Aztecs and Otomi, who decided to settle here permanently for the abundance of rivers and springs. They were engaged mainly in agriculture and the breeding of domestic animals.
In 1152, the Aztecs, on their way to the Valley of Mexico from Tula-Xicocotitlan to Tequixquiac, decided to settle for a short time at a place called Tepetongo.
In 1168, the village of Tequixquiac was founded, which had approximately 250 houses scattered the length and breadth of the nearby hills. Tequixquiac village was conquered by the Aztecs under the rule of Emperor Chimalpopoca.
During the colonialization after the fall of Tenochtitlan, Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century...
rewarded his soldiers with parcels of land and one of them was Tequixquiac that was given to two Spaniards, one of whom was Martín López, builder of the launches in taking Tenochtitlan, and the other Andrés Núñez was being split in two, their children inherited after his death. Tequixquiac Corregimiento Zitlatepec belonged at this time the Viceroy Luis de Velasco to regulation mandates the protection of indigenous people.
In the territory of Tequixquiac, Apaxco and Hueypoxtla had deposits of limestone, through grants awarded to the Spanish introduced a thriving industry using Indian labor, decimating the population in conditions of extreme poverty and forced labor.
They gathered the scattered families tlaxcaltecas by Francisco Lopez de Tlaltzintlale by the year 1552 to strip them of their land and these were distributed through grants to Spanish real.
The Spanish empire seeking to justify their acts through the Christian mission. The Franciscans arrived in New Spain in 1524 but before they arrived some clerics to evangelize the Indians built a chapel in each encomienda. In 1168, the village was founded Tequixquiac, which had approximately 250 houses scattered throughout the Lomer o nearby. Tequixquiac village was conquered by the Aztecs, under the rule of Emperor Chimalpopoca. With the help of the Franciscan friars of the temple was built Santiago Apostol, to reach the rank of parish.
Parroquia de Santiago Apostol in Tequixquiac.
The Church of Santiago Tequixquiac became a parish in 1590. The construction of the building was carried out at different stages; the parish was a large atrium space with a cross in the center atrial carved stone, with indigenous and Christian symbols in the four corners chapels in the pits and an open chapel
Capilla abierta
A capilla abierta or “open chapel” is considered to be one of the most distinct Mexican construction forms. Mostly built in the 16th century during the early colonial period, the construction was basically an apse or open presbytery, containing an altar, which opened onto a large atrium or plaza...
with beautiful columns on the facade and two extraordinarily jambs carved stone hands Indians who left part of his philosophy embodied in this one. The temple was dedicated to Santiago Apostol, because some families Galicia, Asturias Andalusia and Leon were definitivamte in the region.
At the beginning of the political jurisdiction of Tequixquiac covered the current territory of Tlapanaloya without the people to be integrated into the eighteenth century. For some time I add Apaxco because it did not for an economic infraestrctura jurisdiction.
During the independence movement came to the news by Tequixquiac dances and arrieria as the media. Tequixquiac was among the first peoples of that province was constituted as a municipality on November 29, 1820 by joining the independence of Mexico on the basis of the Constitution of Cadiz.
Bando Municipal For the December 17, 1823, he published Tequixquiac the form of government that would govern the country. 'Mexican nation adopts for its government as representative of People's Federal Republic,' published in the same way the oath to the Constitution of the United Mexican States in October 1824.
By Decree No. 41 of April 8, 1825, was added to Zumpango: Hueypoxtla and Tequixquiac belonging andalusia Tetepango party, based on the law at the same time, the prefect of Tula and separates Tequixquiac haciendas de Tena and corners of the municipality of Guadalupe Atitalaquia.
For the year 1830 comes the news of the attempted revolution in Mexico City.
Demography
| Town | Population |
| Total | 31,080 |
| Santiago Tequixquiac | 19,772 |
| Tlapanaloya Tlapanaloya Tlapanaloya is a town inside municipality of Tequixquiac in Mexico State in Mexico. The town is bordered on the north La Heredad Ranch ranching The Homestead, south to the Tajo de Tequixquiac, east village Hueypoxtla and west by the town of Santiago Tequixquiac.... |
6,294 |
| Wenceslao Labra | 847 |
| La Heredad | 152 |
Culture
The Contradanza de las Varas is a dance that comes from the Spanish region of Galicia and León, is a traditional dance that was taught to boys born in Tequixquiac and danced on 25 July since 1552, years later joined Indians born this town is. The suit is made with white shirt and trousers, two crossed bands of velvet, a plume of feathers which has three paper roses and ribbons of color china, two rods are used Castilla lined pink ribbon. During the feasts of the Lord of the Chapel of Our Lady of Guadalupe (December 12) and St. James (July 25), the dancers flaunt this anti-dance dance together with other bands together with the band .The band wind Longino Don Franco, a native of EL Refugio, who stands out as the jealous guardian and interpreter of the contra de Las Varas, and dissemination of music under the guidance note wind symphony paso doble, marches, a large repertoire of Mexican folk music and modern popular music.
A musical group The internationally recognized named Los Bybys, the vast majority of its members were from this area. This group has had appearances in many cities, so also in the United States, Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, Bolivia and Spain.
Another very important band in the town are the "Pavitos del Norte", from the town of Tlapanaloya, this musical group composed norteño as the cumbia chiloya which was the inspiration of Mr. Froilan Mendoza Martínez and lead singer.
Elementary school
Public education:- Escuela Primaria Antonio Caso
- Escuela Primaria Nicolás Bravo
- Escuela Primaria Vicente Guerrero
- Escuela Secuendaria Técnica Indistrial y Comercial Prof. Heriberto Enriquez
- Escuela Secuendaria Técnica Indistrial y Comercial Fray Servando Teresa de Mier (Tlapanaloya)
High school
Public education:- Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Alfonso León de Garay (CBT)
- Colegio de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos del Estado de México (CECYTEM)
Ecology & Environment
Tequixquiac is one of the State of Mexico's municipalities with low impact to the environment, people have denied any proposed Municipal Plan for Urban Development not to be victims of footloose capital speculators or in collusion with public officials. The town is a large pool of rain water catchment for the Valley of Mexico, having no contaminating the soil industry remains undisturbed by the hand of man, the hills are protected from being undermined by construction materials companies.The people have an attachment to the land and the natural environment, are semi-rural behavior by its proximity to the Mexico City metropolitan area, Cerro Mesa Ahumada is a well-preserved natural area that you can still enjoy their areas and also has many species of flora and fauna that is no longer possible to see in other neighbor municipalities.
In addition, Tequixquiac is one of the metropolitan municipalities of Mexico City where the footprint is moderate and the impact of industrial and urban human activities is lower than in other municipalities in the state or shares quines neighborhood. However, a major environmental problem that has suffered the township is over Tequixquiac tunnel open, a great work of the government of former president Porfirio Diaz, the tunnel has been a focus of infection and the amount of waste gases given off by sewage from residential, commercial, industrial and hospital areas of Mexico City
Mexico City
Mexico City is the Federal District , capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole...
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Tunnel of Tequixquiac causes debate among the locals, the Comición Nacional del Agua and different levels of government, if it continues the extension of the tunnel on the river Xothé (Great Channel) would be million-dollar of water in the area and that seems contradictory but wastewater are the ones who keep the fields green and the area also filtering the water is decanted into the ground and a number of underground streams vital to the ecological balance of the area, if you cancel the water suminstro black for agricultural use would grow ambisiosa speculation and force the ejidatarios to sell their land for housing developments and ecological desatre descadenaría a great impact on the country, since this region and others in the Midwest buffer areas rain water filtration for not disproportionately urban land and regulate the temperature of the Valley of Mexico
Valley of Mexico
The Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with the present-day Distrito Federal and the eastern half of the State of Mexico. Surrounded by mountains and volcanoes, the Valley of Mexico was a centre for several pre-Columbian civilizations, including...
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Within the municipality there are environmental groups seeking to improve the natural environment through environmental campaigns of reforestation, garbage collection and recycling, information workshops for uses of wastewater and protection against forest fires. These groups highlighted Acatlán AC, Granito de Arena AC.
Sports & Entretenment
The firt sport practiced in Tequixquiac has been the charrería, when arived the building workers for the Channel of Tequixquiac (second channel), racquetballRacquetball
For other sports often called "paddleball", see Paddleball .Racquetball is a racquet sport played with a hollow rubber ball in an indoor or outdoor court...
is a sport practiced in this township and was brought by workers in the tunnel since 1938.
In Barrio de San Mateo, there is evidence that previously played in front wall of the engineers who built Tequixquiac Tunnel and ports, this area is called the pediment precisely. Today is played racquetball at Deportivo Necaxa Brothers 11 north of town (Tlapanaloya road cross).
The municipality has pasted sports where practice of horsemanship, football, indoor soccer, baseball, basketball, racquetball, mountain biking, and also has private gyms and swimming school (Pixan kay) units are technically "sports ".
Part of the heritage of the engineers also, we left the baseball is still practiced by elderly adults as Arnaldo Paez Navarro is 74 year-old Don Felix Vasquez Flores.
There is also a cultural center where we practice Tae Kwon Do.
Government
| Mayor | Time |
|---|---|
| Emiliano Cruz Rodríguez | 1997-2000 |
| José Rafael Pérez Martínez | 2000-2003 |
| Gustavo Alonso Donís García | 2003-2006 |
| Enrique Martínez Astorga | 2006-2009 |
| Xóchitl Ramírez Ramírez | 2009-2012 |