Thatta District

Districts of Pakistan

The Districts of Pakistan are the second order administrative divisions of Pakistan. Districts were the third order of administrative divisions, below provinces and "divisions", until the reforms of August 2000, when "divisions" were abolished...

is located in the province of Sindh

Sindh

Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...

, Pakistan

Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

, however it is close to the contested disputed boundary of the Kori Creek

Kori Creek

The Kori Creek is a creek in the Rann of Kachchh region of the Indian state of Gujarat and the Pakistani province of Sindh. It lies in the Kutch marshland.-Disputes:...

. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, it had a population of 1,113,194 of which 11.21% were urban.

Local government

The district is administratively subdivided into 9 tehsil - these are:

• Ghora Bari
• Jati
  Jati
  Jāti is the term used to denote clans, tribes, communities and sub-communities in India. It is a term used across religions. In Indian society each jāti typically has an association with a traditional job function or tribe, although religious beliefs Jāti (in Devanagari: जाति Tamil:சாதி) (the...
  
  
• Mirpur Bathoro
  Mirpur Bathoro
  Mirpur Bathoro is a taluka in the Thatta District, Sindh, Pakistan, located about 20 km north of Shah Karim Bulri of Tando Muhammad Khan District and 25 km south of Sujawal....
  
  
• Mirpur Sakro
• Shah Bandar
  Shahbandar
  Shah Bandar or Shahbandar or Shahbunder or Shahbundar or Shāhbandar) is located in Thatta District, Sindh, Pakistan.- History :Shah Bandar was a prominent trading port of Sindh during the Soomra and Kalhora dynasties...
  
  
• Sujawal
  Sujawal
  Sujawal is an historical and a densely populated town in Thatta District, Sindh, Pakistan. Presently Sujawal is a Taluka Municipal Administration of Thatta District located at about 20 km west of Thatta on the road to Badin and Karachi.....
  
  
• Thatta
  Thatta
  Thatta is a historic town of 220,000 inhabitants in the Sindh province of Pakistan, near Lake Keenjhar, the largest freshwater lake in the country. Thatta's major monuments especially its necropolis at Makli are listed among the World Heritage Sites. The Shah Jahan Mosque is also listed...
  
  
• Kharo Chan
• Keti Bander

MNA NA-237 Dr. Abdul Wahid Soomro
MNA NA-238 Mr. Syed Ayaz Ali Shah Sheerazi a Younger MNA of Pakistan Elected on the Ticket of PML-(Q) from Thatta.

Administration

• District & Sessions Judge
• Sinor Superintendent of Police Mr. Muhammad ALi Wasan
• MNA NA-237 Dr. Abdul Wahid Soomro
• MNA NA-238 Syed Ayaz Ali Shah Sheerazi(Sheerazi Group)

Politicals Families of District Thatta

• Soomro Family
• Sheerazi Family
• Bukhari Syed Family
• Chandio Family
• Malkani Family
• Memon Family
• Jokhio Family
• Leghari Family
• Palijo Family

Politicians

• Sardar Mohammad Usman Soomro, MLA in 1937-45
• Rais Yousuf Chandio, MLA in 1937
• NM Uqali, Former Federal Minister for Finance in 1967
• Syed Ghulam Mustafa Shah, Former Federal Minister for Education in 1988
• Rasool Bux Palijo, Chairman Awami Thareek
• Dr. Qadir Magsi, Chairman Sindh Taraki Pasand Party
• Mohammad Khan Soomro, Ex-MNA & MPA, Former rovincial Minister in 1971-77
• Arbab Wazir Ahmed Memon, Ex-MNA & MPA
• Saib Dino Ghahoo Former Provincial Minister For Revenue in 1990
• Haji Usman Jalbani, Ex-MNA and MPA in 2008
• Rais Moosa Khan Chandio, Ex-MPA
• Hamzoo Khan Palijo, Ex-Senator
• Dr. Abdul Wahid Soomro, Former Provincial Minister in 1996 and MNA in 2008
• Baboo Ghulam Hussain Memon, MNA in 1988, 1990, 1993 and 1997
• Abdul Jalil Memon, Former Provincial Minister in 2008
• Sassui Palijo
  Sassui Palijo
  Sassui Palijo is a liberal politician and a columnist in Pakistan. She is Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from Mirpur Sakro Thatta PS-85 THATTA-II, she belongs to Pakistan Peoples Party. She is the only directly elected female assembly member in Sindh...
  
  , Provincial Minister for Culture in 2008
• Syed Ajaz Ali Shah Sheerazi, adviser to Chief Minister Sindh
• Shafquat Shah Sheerazi, Ex-District Nazim in 2001 & 2004 and Ex-MPA and MNA
• Ayaz Ali Shah Sheerazi, MNA in 2002 and 2008
• Sanaullah Soomro, PSF (Pakistan People Party).

Following are the demographic indicators of the district as per the 1998 census:

Religion

Islam

Islam

Islam . The most common are and .   : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...

:96.72%
Hinduism

Hinduism

Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...

:2.89% (forming 7.96% of the urban population of the district)
Christianity

Christianity

Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...

:0.18%
Others:0.17%

Languages

Sindhi

Sindhi language

Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...

:68.%
Urdu

Urdu

Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...

:4.%
Punjabi

Punjabi language

Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...

:3.%
Pashto:2.%
Balochi

Balochi language

Balochi is a Northwestern Iranian language. It is the principal language of the Baloch of Balochistan, Pakistan, eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan. It is also spoken as a second language by some Brahui. It is designated as one of nine official languages of Pakistan.-Vowels:The Balochi vowel...

:1.%
Seraiki

Saraiki language

Saraiki , transliterated as Sirāikī and sometimes spelled Seraiki and Saraiki, is a standardized written language of Pakistan belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages. It is a language spoken in the heart of Pakistan...

:15.%
Others:5.%

Local Tribes

Bukhari SyedUNAR

Unar

The Unar are a Sindhi clan of the Samma tribe settled in Sindh, Pakistan.- History :According to The News International, the tribe is regarded "as the highest tribe or 'elder brother' of all the Samat tribes of Sindh". The clan traces its lineage back to the 14th century Jam Unar, the founder and...

, chand memon,[SHAIKH{SODAGER}], Uqaylid, Siddiqui

Siddiqui

Siddiqui, is a Muslim family name, found in the South Asia and the Middle East. Shaikh is an additional title used occasionally by Siddiqui/Siddique to signify their Arab heritage...

, BABAR

Babar

Babar means Lion. Babar may refer to:Names* Babur , 16th-century ruler of Indian subcontinent and founder of the Mughal Empire* Babar Luck, musician from England...

, Soomro

Soomro

Soomro or Soomra is a Sindhi tribe in Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan, Pakistan.- History and origin :The Soomra Dynasty was established by the Soomro tribe of Sindh. The Soomra ruled Sindh from 750-1351. Following the 985 CE expulsion of the Qarmatian Muslim sect from Iraq and Egypt, the...

, Otho

Otho

Otho , was Roman Emperor for three months, from 15 January to 16 April 69. He was the second emperor of the Year of the four emperors.- Birth and lineage :...

, Valliani Palijo

Palijo

The Palijo are Sindhi tribe of Sindh province, Pakistan. Palijo is a Sammat tribe. During the Talpur dynasty and before, this tribe held lands on the banks of the Indus River when that area was under official administration of the Palijo tribe and was called Palijar'pargana, ranging from Choriya...

, Mirbahar/Mallah, sabugar, Jokhio, Jatoi

Jatoi

Jatoi is the name of a Baloch tribe in Sindh, Pakistan. The Jatoi originated from Balochistan.sub clans of jatoi baloch are bullo,misrani,nacharani,shar,kharoos...

, Bhanbhro, Abro

Abro

The Abro, Abra or Abrah , , is a division of the Samma tribe, found in Sindh, Balochistan and southern Punjab provinces of Pakistan.- Origin :...

, Jatt, Malkani, Shoro

Shoro

Shoro is a town in the Issyk Kul Province of Kyrgyzstan.- Sources :* – Maplandia.com...

, Brohi, Jalbani, Jakharo, Baran

Baran

Baran may refer to* An Italian surname * A Persian word meaning 'rainfall'* A Persian given name* A Kurdish name meaning 'rain'* A Polish surname * A Polish word for 'ram'...

, Charan

Charan

Chāraṇ is the term for a caste living in the Gujarat and Rajasthan states of India. According to Shrimada Bhagwata Skand Charans were created along with other divine forms such as Yaksha, Gandharvas, Kinnara, Sidhdhas, Apsara, etc. and lived with them in Heaven...

, Qazi, Pirzada

Pirzada

Pirzada tribe also moved with qalandar lal shahbaz and settled at sehwan sharif since last 850 years and still at sehwan there is a mohalla with name of pirzada mohalla they have their own history and pir baqadar shah the very old character and saint of sehwan sharif Pirzada is the name of a...

, Kunbhar

Kunbhar

Kunbhar is a Sindhi tribe in Sindh, Pakistan....

,Rehmani Khwaja, Khatri

Khatri

Khatri is a caste from the northern Indian subcontinent. Khatris in India are mostly from Punjab, region but later they migrated to regions like Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Jammu, Uttarkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Balochistan, Sindh and Khyber...

, Khumbati, Khaskheli

Khaskheli

Khasakhel is a tribe in Sindh. This a warrior clan which came with Mohammad Bin Qasim and defeated Raja Dahir. After the death of Mohammad Bin Qasim they stayed in subcontinent and spread the Islamic religion...

, Abbasi Kalhora, Khushk

Khushk

The Khushk, Khushak, Khushik, Khushuk, Kushak, Kushk or Kushuk is a Baloch tribe located in Sindh, Baluchistan and Punjab provinces of Pakistan...

, Effendi

Effendi

Effendi, Effendy or Efendi is a title of nobility meaning a lord or master.It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir, which was used in Ottoman Empire...

, Jamali

Jamali

Jamali is the name of a Baloch tribe in Pakistan. Jamali tribe consists of 14 more tribes,like Esaani,Mureedani,Walwaani,Dodaani,Lalwaani. A large number of Jamali tribes also live in province of Sindh; these peopole speak Balochi,Sindhi,Seraiki,Punjabi and Urdu languages. In Sindh majority of...

, Umrani

Umrani

The 'Umrani' is a Baloch tribe, originating in the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan and Sindh. Umrani tribe is mostly settled in Nasirabad District and Jafarabad District, the southeastern districts of Balochistan, but some of them also settled in Kalat District, Khuzdar District and Awaran...

, Chang

Chang

- Groups of people :* Chang , a Chinese surname* Chang Naga, a tribe of Tuensang, Nagaland, India- Individuals :* Chang , a Korean surname* Chen Chung Chang, mathematician* Edmond E...

, Jamari, Sarki

Sarki

Sarki may refer to*Sarki, a well-dwelling snake slain by the mythological prince Bayajidda*Şarkı, a vocal genre in Ottoman classical music*Sarki, a Newcastle rock band made up of members; Shane Kurnia on guitar, Scott Allen on drums, Dom Willson on bass and Matty Munro of vocals*Sirki, a Sindhi...

, Lashari

Lashari

Lashari is the name of a Baloch tribe in Pakistan and Iran. The Lasharis have migrated and settled in the United Arab Emirates, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, India, Indonesia, USA, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, England, and many other countries of the world...

, Magsi

Magsi

Magsi is a name of Baloch tribe in the Balochistan, Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan and Balochistan province of Iran.The Magsi tribe came from Iran where is place name is Magas in Lishar. They migrated to modern Pakistan with Lashari and Rind tribes that is the reason some historians...

, Manganhar, Sahito

Sahito

Sahito is a Sindhi tribe in Sindh, Pakistan. Sahito tribe is settled in Khairpur, Naushahro Feroze, Tando Allahyar, Hyderabad and Larakana districts of Sindh....

, Ghaha, Gugo, Ranto, Pathan

Pashtun people

Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...

, Katiyar

Katiyar

Katiyar is a Brij or Awadhi language word.Katiyar surname has origin from the word Katara or Sword.The Indian nobility often wore ornamental katara as a symbol of their social status...

, Qureshi, solangi

Solangi

Solangi is the name of a Sindhi Muslim Rajput tribe found in Sindh and southern Punjab khyberpakhtoonkhawa in Pakistan and Afghanistan also.-History:According to traditions, the tribe is a branch of the Solanki Rajput tribe....

, BABAR

Babar

Babar means Lion. Babar may refer to:Names* Babur , 16th-century ruler of Indian subcontinent and founder of the Mughal Empire* Babar Luck, musician from England...

, Hashmani,
Mendhro, Saman

Saman

Saman may refer to:* Saman , a fictional character in the video game Deus Ex: Invisible War* Saman, Iran, a city in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province of Iran* Saman District, an administrative subdivision of Peru...

, Parhiyar .Uqaily
(Kalmaty){Murghur} {Rajoani Baloch},
Wario

Wario

is a fictional character in Nintendo's Mario series. The character was designed as another antagonist to Mario , and first appeared in the 1992 Game Boy title Super Mario Land 2: 6 Golden Coins as the main antagonist and final boss...

History

The capital of three successive dynasties and later ruled by the Mughal emperors of Delhi, Thatta was constantly embellished from the 14th to the 18th century. The remains of the city and its necropolis provide a unique view of civilization in Sind. Thatta, about 98 km (60.9 mi) east of Karachi. At one time Thatta was important as Sind's capital city and as a centre for Islamic arts. From the 14th century four Muslim dynasties ruled Sind from Thatta, but in 1739 the capital was moved elsewhere and Thatta declined. It was believed that this was the place where Alexander the Great rested his legions after their long march. The town is dominated by the Great Mosque built by the Moghul Emperor Shah Jehan which has been carefully restored to its original condition. The mosque's 33 arched domes give it superb acoustics and the tile work, a whole range of shades of blue, is equally fine. Situated on the outskirts of the new town it is surrounded by narrow lanes and multi-story houses made of plaster and wood which are top by badgirs, the wind catchers designed to funnel cool breezes down into the interiors of buildings. They are also quite common in Hyderabad.

The bazaars of Thatta are known for hand-printed fabrics, glass bangles and Sindi embroidery work in laid with tinny mirrors, one of the more world known handicrafts of Pakistan. Thatta is a fascinating town which appears to have scarcely moved out of the 18th century and is only slowly catching up with the modern world.

The shifting nature of the Indus makes it difficult to discern the exact location of ancient Thatta, but the name indicates its strong relation to the Indus. Thatta, derived from Thatti, Thatt or Thatto, a Sindhi word for a small settlement on riverbanks, was an important medieval city locally known as Nagar-Thato. All historic accounts paint Thatta as a populous and flourishing trading post and a refuge of saints and scholars.

Jam Nizamu-d Din or Jam Ninda, as he was affectionately known, ruled in Sind's golden age as the leader of Samma Dynasty from 866 to 1461. The rise of Thatta as an important commercial and cultural centre was directly related to his patronage and policies. The Samma civilization contributed significantly to the evolution of the prevailing architectural style that can be classified as Sindhi-Islamic.

Thatta is famous for its necropolis

Necropolis

A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial ground, usually including structural tombs. The word comes from the Greek νεκρόπολις - nekropolis, literally meaning "city of the dead"...

, which covers 10 km² (3.9 sq mi) on the Makli Hill, which assumed its quasi-sacred character during Jam Nizamu-d Din's rule. The site became closely interlinked with the lives of the people. Every year thousands perform pilgrimage to this site to commemorate the saints buried here. The graves testify to a period of four centuries when Thatta was a thriving centre of trade, religion and scholarly pursuits and the capital of Sind. In1768, Thatta's pre-eminence was usurped by Hyderabad. Though many of the mausoleums and graves are dilapidated, many are still exquisite architectural examples with fine stone carving and glazed tile decoration.

Jam Nizamu-d Din's death was followed by a war of succession carried out between the cousins, Jam Feroz and Jam Salahu-d Din. The Moghul army took the opportunity and Thatta came under the Arghun dynasty. The refined tastes of the Arghun and later the Tarkhan, who came from the Timurid cities of Khurasan and Central Asia enhanced Thatta's cultural and architectural landscape.

The reign of Mirza Isa Tarkhan's son Mirza Baki however, was one of persecution. He became reputed as one of the cruelest rulers of Sind. Thatta witnessed the cold-blooded murder of the Arghuns and the persecution of people claiming nobility, or religious or scholarly eminence.

Mirza Jani Beg is known to have worked to restore what Mirza Baki had destroyed. However, when Emperor Akbar sent Nawab Khan Khanan to subjugate Thatta, Mirza Jani Beg is said to have removed the people to Kalan Kot, a fortified town built for such occasions, and ordered Thatta to be razed.

Mirza Jani Beg nezxzxgotiated with the Mughals, and was taken to Akbar's court where he was confirmed as the governor of Thatta, and in 1591, Sind was annexed by the Mughal Empire. Mughal rule lasted till 1736 when Thatta passed into the hands of the Kalhoras. Thatta's importance began to gradually decline as the Indus River began to shift away and in 1768, Hyderabad was made the capital of Sind by the Talpur rulers.

The British annexed Sind in 1843 and their immediate concern was to establish a communication network throughout Sind. The municipality of Thatta was established by the British in 1854 and several vernacular and private schools, as well as a post office, a dispensary and a subordinate jail were built. The British established their residential areas away from the main city, on higher grounds, west of Makli necropolis.

Thatta regained prosperity because of an improved communication infrastructure, though the city was never completely revived its prior importance as capital. The late nineteenth century saw a new class of merchants who took full advantage of the British need for services and goods. These merchants became rich and commissioned many buildings inspired by the elegant mansions constructed by the British throughout the British Empire.

Post-independence Thatta is rapidly growing and suffers from a severe lack of basic services. Heavy demands on the resources of the city, coupled with the general apathy on the part of the local administration, has resulted in the neglect of the city's historic centre. The Makli monuments and other historic mosques, although of touristic value, are disregarded with nothing being done to preserve them.
It has been noted that Mr. Shafquat Hussain Shah Sheerazi is not performing as District Nazim, as result of end of Nazims in Sindh Mr, Manzoor Shaikh a Highly Corrupt DCO Thatta has been notified as Administrator District Government Thatta: From Correspondent NNI Thatta Sindh Abdul Hussain Mendhro