"The Man whose Pharynx

Pharynx

The human pharynx is the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and anterior to the esophagus and larynx. The human pharynx is conventionally divided into three sections: the nasopharynx , the oropharynx , and the laryngopharynx...

 was bad" is a poem from Wallace Stevens

Wallace Stevens

Wallace Stevens was an American Modernist poet. He was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, educated at Harvard and then New York Law School, and spent most of his life working as a lawyer for the Hartford insurance company in Connecticut.His best-known poems include "Anecdote of the Jar",...

's first book of poetry, Harmonium

Harmonium (poetry collection)

Harmonium is a book of poetry by U.S. poet Wallace Stevens. His first book, it was published in 1923 by Knopf in an edition of 1500 copies. He was in middle age at that time, forty-four years old. The collection comprises 85 poems, ranging in length from just a few lines to several hundred...

. It was first published in 1921, so it is in the public domain.

The Man whose Pharynx was bad  The time of year has grown indifferent.  Mildew of summer and the deepening snow  Are both alike in the routine I know:  I am too dumbly in my being pent.  The wind attendant on the solstices  Blows on the shutters of the metropoles,  Stirring no poet in his sleep, and tolls  The grand ideas of the villages.  The malady of the quotidian . . .  Perhaps if summer ever came to rest  And lengthened, deepened, comforted, caressed  Through days like oceans in obsidian  Horizons, full of night's midsummer blaze;  Perhaps, if winter once could penetrate  Through all its purples to the final slate,  Persisting bleakly in an icy haze;  One might in turn become less diffident,  Out of such mildew plucking neater mould  And spouting new orations of the cold.  One might. One might. But time will not relent.

One point of entry into this poem is Stevens's attitude towards the weather. Is it all he cared about, or does it converge with reflections on the passage of time and attendant issues such as ennui and ageing? (The difference between Helen Vendler and Harold Bloom on this matter is noted in the main Harmonium

Harmonium (poetry collection)

Harmonium is a book of poetry by U.S. poet Wallace Stevens. His first book, it was published in 1923 by Knopf in an edition of 1500 copies. He was in middle age at that time, forty-four years old. The collection comprises 85 poems, ranging in length from just a few lines to several hundred...

 essay, the section "The musical imagist".) This poem emphatically ties `the time of year' to the relentless flow of time.

Buttel interprets the poem as evoking urban emptiness, under the influence of Jules Laforgue

Jules Laforgue

Jules Laforgue was an innovative Franco-Uruguayan poet, often referred to as a Symbolist poet. Critics and commentators have also pointed to Impressionism as a direct influence and his poetry has been called "part-symbolist, part-impressionist".-Life:...

. Under Laforgue's influence, he states, Stevens brought the monotony, emptiness, and meaninglessness of city life into his poetry. However, Bates reads the poem as issuing a favorable prognosis, "for his cure is implicit in the terms of his complaint: if `summer' is here, can `winter' be far behind?" Although Buttel thinks that Stevens would often ask essentially Laforgue's question, "Faudra-t-il vivre monotone?", Stevens's despair is modified by exuberance. Bates though doesn't register the despair, for he understands "Laforguian boredom" as temperamentally uncongenial to Stevens, mattering to him chiefly as something to be overcome. With reference to "The Man whose Pharynx was bad", Buttel and Bates are debating whether a change of season would allow the poet to be less diffident; this is Bates's view. Or is it rather that a season would have to break out of the cycle of seasons in order to overcome this malady of the quotidian? Would summer have to come to rest in some perfected state, or winter penetrate to "the final slate"?

Harold Bloom interprets the poem as belonging to a triad in Harmonium, the other elements being The Snow Man and Tea at the Palaz of Hoon. To master the triad is to reach "the center of Stevens' poetic and human anxieties and of his resources for meeting those anxieties." Pharynx represents a moment in Harmoniums progress in which the poet is diffident about his future creativity.