The White Darkness is a novel by Geraldine McCaughrean

Geraldine McCaughrean

Geraldine McCaughrean is a British children's novelist.The youngest of three children, McCaughrean studied teaching but did not like it, and found her true vocation in writing. She claims that what makes her love writing is the desire to escape from an unsatisfactory world...

, published in 2007 by HarperTeen

HarperCollins

HarperCollins is a publishing company owned by News Corporation. It is the combination of the publishers William Collins, Sons and Co Ltd, a British company, and Harper & Row, an American company, itself the result of an earlier merger of Harper & Brothers and Row, Peterson & Company. The worldwide...

. It won the 2008 Michael L. Printz Award

Michael L. Printz Award

The Michael L. Printz Award is an annual award in the United States for a book that exemplifies literary excellence in young adult literature. It is named for a school librarian from Topeka, Kansas, who was a long-time active member of the Young Adult Library Services Association...

 from the American Library Association

American Library Association

The American Library Association is a non-profit organization based in the United States that promotes libraries and library education internationally. It is the oldest and largest library association in the world, with more than 62,000 members....

.
Although it reflects Sym’s inner development, The White Darkness is also an intriguing mystery story and a gripping survival adventure.

Plot summary

Shy teenager Symone ‘Sym’ Wates is taken to Antarctica by her domineering 'uncle', Victor Briggs, who after the death of her real parent has elected himself her surrogate father. An obsessive believer in the 'hollow earth' theories of John Cleves Symmes, Jr.

John Cleves Symmes, Jr.

John Cleves Symmes, Jr. was an American army officer whose 1818 Hollow Earth theory, expounded on the lecture circuit, gained him considerable notoriety.-Biography:...

, Briggs is convinced that in Antarctica he will find the entrance to the Inner World and its inhabitants. He is ready to sacrifice Sym and others to prove his theory, and increasingly puts her in danger until she finally sees the truth about him. She is then able to escape his plans for her. Briggs dies still pursuing his obsession while Sym returns to her own life with a new freedom.

Major characters

Sym is a teenager whose whole life has been dominated by her dead father's business partner, her so-called 'uncle' Victor. Clever, shy and almost totally deaf, Sym is withdrawn and insecure. She feels particularly anxious about being different from others in her peer group. At first she defers to her 'uncle' as the authority in her life until gradually she learns he is not a trustworthy model, begins to make her own judgments and saves herself by her own efforts.

Victor Briggs is a middle-aged crank, consumed by a belief in his own genius and the stupidity of others. He believes in the ‘hollow earth’ theory and is convinced he can prove it by travelling to the South Pole and discovering the entrance to the Inner World. Though at first appearing eccentric and ridiculous he becomes gradually more sinister, since he will clearly let nothing stand in the way of his project.

Titus is Sym’s imaginary friend and alter ego, created from her knowledge of the Antarctic explorer 'Titus' Oates

Lawrence Oates

Captain Lawrence Edward Grace Oates was an English Antarctic explorer, known for the manner of his death, when he walked from a tent into a blizzard, with the words "I am just going outside and may be some time"....

. He is affectionate, unflappable, honest, endlessly supportive and endearingly male. Through her inner 'conversations' with him Sym mulls over what she is told, compares it with reality and gradually frees herself from the deceptions imposed on her by others – principally by her ‘Uncle’ Victor, and also by the conman Manfred Bruch and his apparently love-smitten ‘son’, Sigurd.

Manfred and Sigurd Bruch: a handsome father-and-son team who accompany Sym and Victor on their organized tour to Antarctica. Manfred Bruch claims to be a film-maker but is really a conman intent on fleecing Victor Briggs through a feigned belief in his theory; Sigurd is a young actor paid to pretend to be his son.

Motifs

Deception and abuse are the main motifs. Victor has been (non-sexually) abusing Sym almost from her birth, imposing his own beliefs as the only possible reality, grooming her to do his bidding, maintaining control by ruthlessly dividing her from parents and peers, planning her future to suit his own ends. Bruch and his ‘son’ Sigurd attempt to con Briggs but end up conned themselves when their mark turns out to be a psychotic fantasist. Lastly Sym has to face up to her beloved Titus being only a creature of her own imagination, a response to her desperate need (though this disillusonment at least is slightly softened at the end when it is implied he may just possibly be something more).

Figurative language

The Antarctic terrain is depicted as treacherous, indifferent to humans, full of hidden pitfalls and haunted by mirages. Sym’s final agonizing trek to safety mirrors her difficulty and pain at discovering the truth behind the lies she has been told.

Awards

• Michael L. Printz award winner, 2008:

"Symone's unforgettable voice propels this journey of discovery in a book that is intricately plotted, richly imaged and brings new meaning to the term unreliable narrator," said Printz Award Committee Chair Lynn Rutan. "Readers will need to hang onto their snow goggles in this compelling book in which nothing is as it seems at first glance."

• Calderdale Children's Book Award, 2006 (Shortlisted)

• Whitbread Children's Book Award, 2005

• Carnegie Medal in Literature, 2005 (Shortlisted)