Theory of functional systems
Encyclopedia
Theory of functional systems - is a model that describes the structure of conduct
, which was established by russian and soviet biologist and physiologist Pyotr Anokhin
.
"The principle of functional systems" - association of private mechanisms of the body in a holistic system of adaptive behavioral act, the establishment of "integrative unity".
There are two types of functional systems:
Choice of targets and methods of achieving them are the key factors that regulate behavior. According to Anokhin, in the structure of the behavioral act afferent feedback compared with the acceptor of the result gives a positive or negative situational emotions affect the correction or termination of action (another type of emotion, leading emotions, are associated with satisfaction or dissatisfaction needs in general, with the formation of the target). In addition, the behavior affect the memories of positive and negative emotions.
In general, behavioral act is characterized by meaningful and active role of the subject.
Conduct
Conduct may refer to:*Behavior**a personal behavior, a way of acting and showing one's behaviour**using hand gestures to direct*Action , in relation to moral or ethical precepts*Conducting a musical ensemble...
, which was established by russian and soviet biologist and physiologist Pyotr Anokhin
Pyotr Anokhin
Pyotr Kuzmich Anokhin was a Russian biologist and physiologist who made important contributions to cybernetics and functional systems. His pioneering concept on feedback were published in 1935.- Overview :...
.
"The principle of functional systems" - association of private mechanisms of the body in a holistic system of adaptive behavioral act, the establishment of "integrative unity".
There are two types of functional systems:
- System of the first type provide homeostasisHomeostasisHomeostasis is the property of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant condition of properties like temperature or pH...
due to internal (existing) resources of the body, inside its boundaries (eg blood pressure). - System of a second type supports homeostasis due to a change of behavior, interaction with the outside world and are the basis of different types of behavior.
Stage of the behavioral act
- Afferent synthesis
- Any excitement in the central nervous system there is in interaction with other excitations: the brain analyzes these excitations. Synthesis determines the following factors:
- MotivationMotivationMotivation is the driving force by which humans achieve their goals. Motivation is said to be intrinsic or extrinsic. The term is generally used for humans but it can also be used to describe the causes for animal behavior as well. This article refers to human motivation...
- Pad afferentation (excitation caused by conditioned and unconditioned stimuli)
- Situational afferentation (arousal from familiar surroundings, causing a reflex, and dynamic stereotypes)
- MemoryMemoryIn psychology, memory is an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences. Traditional studies of memory began in the fields of philosophy, including techniques of artificially enhancing memory....
(of species and individual)
- Decision-making
- The formation of action result acceptor (creating the ideal image and its retention goals, presumably, at the physiological level is circulating in the ring interneuron excitation)
- Efferent synthesis (or the stage of the program, integration of somatic and autonomic excitations in a single behavioral act. The action is formed, but is not manifested externally)
- ActionAction theory (philosophy)Action theory is an area in philosophy concerned with theories about the processes causing willful human bodily movements of more or less complex kind. This area of thought has attracted the strong interest of philosophers ever since Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics...
(program execution behavior) - Evaluation result of the action
- At this stage, comparison of the actual running of the ideal image created during the formation of acceptor result of the action (the reverse occurs afferentation) based on a comparison of the action, or adjusted, or terminated.
- Meeting the needs (authorizing termination of stage)
Choice of targets and methods of achieving them are the key factors that regulate behavior. According to Anokhin, in the structure of the behavioral act afferent feedback compared with the acceptor of the result gives a positive or negative situational emotions affect the correction or termination of action (another type of emotion, leading emotions, are associated with satisfaction or dissatisfaction needs in general, with the formation of the target). In addition, the behavior affect the memories of positive and negative emotions.
In general, behavioral act is characterized by meaningful and active role of the subject.
Literature
- N. N. Danilov, A. L. Krylov Physiology of higher nervous activity. - Rostov-na-Donu: Feniks, 2005. - S. 239-251. - 478. - (Textbooks MSU). - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-222-06746-7