Three-dimensional face recognition
Encyclopedia
Three-dimensional face recognition (3D face recognition) is a modality of facial recognition
methods in which the three-dimensional geometry of the human face is used. It has been shown that 3D face recognition methods can achieve significantly higher accuracy than their 2D counterparts, rivaling fingerprint recognition.
3D face recognition has the potential to achieve better accuracy than its 2D counterpart by measuring geometry of rigid features on the face. This avoids such pitfalls of 2D face recognition algorithm
s as change in lighting, different facial expressions, make-up
and head orientation. Another approach is to use the 3D model to improve accuracy of traditional image based recognition by transforming the head into a known view. Additionally, most range scanners acquire both a 3D mesh and the corresponding texture. This allows combining the output of pure 3D matchers with the more traditional 2D face recognition algorithms, thus yielding better performance (as shown in FRVT 2006).
The main technological limitation of 3D face recognition methods is the acquisition of 3D images, which usually requires a range camera. Alternatively, multiple images from different angles from a common camera (e.g. webcam) may be used to create the 3D model with significant post-processing. This is also a reason why 3D face recognition methods have emerged significantly later (in the late 1980s) than 2D methods. Recently commercial solutions have implemented depth perception by projecting a grid onto the face and integrating video capture of it into a high resolution 3D model. This allows for good recognition accuracy with low cost off-the-shelf
components.
3D face recognition is still an active research field, though several vendors offer commercial solutions.
jaiswal S. et al.,2007"Automatic 3D Face Model from 2D Image-Through Projection"Inform. Technol. J., 6: 1075-1079.
proposed study, 2D photographs image divided into two parts; one part is front view (x, y) and side view (y, z). Necessary condition of this method is that position or coordinate of both images should be equal. We combine both images according to the coordinate then we will get 3D Models (x, y, z) but this 3D model is not accurate in size or shape. In defining other words, we will get 3D animatable face, refinement of 3D animatable face through pixellization and smoothing process. Smoothing is performed to get the more realistic 3D face model for the person.
Facial recognition system
A facial recognition system is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source...
methods in which the three-dimensional geometry of the human face is used. It has been shown that 3D face recognition methods can achieve significantly higher accuracy than their 2D counterparts, rivaling fingerprint recognition.
3D face recognition has the potential to achieve better accuracy than its 2D counterpart by measuring geometry of rigid features on the face. This avoids such pitfalls of 2D face recognition algorithm
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning...
s as change in lighting, different facial expressions, make-up
Cosmetics
Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or odor of the human body. Cosmetics include skin-care creams, lotions, powders, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail and toe nail polish, eye and facial makeup, towelettes, permanent waves, colored contact lenses, hair colors, hair sprays and...
and head orientation. Another approach is to use the 3D model to improve accuracy of traditional image based recognition by transforming the head into a known view. Additionally, most range scanners acquire both a 3D mesh and the corresponding texture. This allows combining the output of pure 3D matchers with the more traditional 2D face recognition algorithms, thus yielding better performance (as shown in FRVT 2006).
The main technological limitation of 3D face recognition methods is the acquisition of 3D images, which usually requires a range camera. Alternatively, multiple images from different angles from a common camera (e.g. webcam) may be used to create the 3D model with significant post-processing. This is also a reason why 3D face recognition methods have emerged significantly later (in the late 1980s) than 2D methods. Recently commercial solutions have implemented depth perception by projecting a grid onto the face and integrating video capture of it into a high resolution 3D model. This allows for good recognition accuracy with low cost off-the-shelf
Commercial off-the-shelf
In the United States, Commercially available Off-The-Shelf is a Federal Acquisition Regulation term defining a nondevelopmental item of supply that is both commercial and sold in substantial quantities in the commercial marketplace, and that can be procured or utilized under government contract...
components.
3D face recognition is still an active research field, though several vendors offer commercial solutions.
See also
- Facial recognition systemFacial recognition systemA facial recognition system is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source...
jaiswal S. et al.,2007"Automatic 3D Face Model from 2D Image-Through Projection"Inform. Technol. J., 6: 1075-1079.
proposed study, 2D photographs image divided into two parts; one part is front view (x, y) and side view (y, z). Necessary condition of this method is that position or coordinate of both images should be equal. We combine both images according to the coordinate then we will get 3D Models (x, y, z) but this 3D model is not accurate in size or shape. In defining other words, we will get 3D animatable face, refinement of 3D animatable face through pixellization and smoothing process. Smoothing is performed to get the more realistic 3D face model for the person.
External links
- CVPR 2008 Workshop on 3D Face Processing
- Face Recognition Grand Challenge
- Face Recognition Homepage
- 3D Face Recognition Project and Research Papers
- Technion 3D face recognition project
- Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories 3D face recognition project
- L-1 Identity commercial 3D face recognition system
- Fast 3D scan technology for 3D face recognition at the Geometric Modelling and Pattern Recognition Group, UK
- 3D Face Recognition Using a Deformable Model at the Computational Biomedicine Lab, Houston, TX
- 3D Face Recognition Using using Photometric Stereo, UK