Tibial nerve
Encyclopedia
The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve
. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa
to pass below the arch of soleus.
In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve
. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common fibular nerve
and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot.
Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia
and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum
in company with the posterior tibial artery
.
supplies: the abductor hallucis, the flexor digitorum brevis, the flexor hallucis brevis and the first lumbrical
. Cutaneous distribution of the medial plantar nerve is to the medial sole and medial three and one half toes, including the nail beds on the dorsum (like the median nerve in the hand). Mnemonic LAFF muscles L-first Lumbrical, A- Abductor Hallucis, F- Flexor digitorum brevis, F- flexor hallucis brevis
supplies quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi
, adductor hallucis, the interossei
, three lumbrical
s. and abductor digiti minimi
. Cutaneous innervation
is to the lateral sole and lateral one and one half toes (like the ulnar nerve
).
Sciatic nerve
The sciatic nerve is a large nerve fiber in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb...
. The tibial nerve passes through the popliteal fossa
Popliteal fossa
The popliteal fossa is a shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint. The bones of the popliteal fossa are the femur and the tibia.-Boundaries:The boundaries of the fossa are:-Roof:...
to pass below the arch of soleus.
In the popliteal fossa the nerve gives off branches to gastrocnemius, popliteus, soleus and plantaris muscles, an articular branch to the knee joint, and a cutaneous branch that will become the sural nerve
Sural nerve
The sural nerve , formed by the junction of the medial sural cutaneous with the peroneal anastomotic branch of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve, passes downward near the lateral margin of the tendo calcaneus, lying close to the small saphenous vein, to the interval between the lateral malleolus...
. The sural nerve is joined by fibres from the common fibular nerve
Common fibular nerve
The common fibular nerve , about one-half the size of the tibial nerve, is derived from the dorsal branches of the fourth and fifth lumbar and the first and second sacral nerves.It descends obliquely along the lateral side of the popliteal fossa to the head of the fibula,...
and runs down the calf to supply the lateral side of the foot.
Below the soleus muscle the nerve lies close to the tibia
Tibia
The tibia , shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates , and connects the knee with the ankle bones....
and supplies the tibialis posterior, the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. The nerve passes into the foot running posterior to the medial malleolus. Here it is bound down by the flexor retinaculum
Flexor retinaculum
Flexor retinaculum may be:* Flexor retinaculum of the hand, the retinaculum flexorum manus* Flexor retinaculum of the foot, the retinaculum musculorum flexorum pedis...
in company with the posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery...
.
Medial plantar nerve
The medial plantar nerveMedial plantar nerve
The medial plantar nerve , the larger of the two terminal divisions of the tibial nerve, accompanies the medial plantar artery....
supplies: the abductor hallucis, the flexor digitorum brevis, the flexor hallucis brevis and the first lumbrical
Lumbrical
Lumbrical can refer to:* Lumbrical muscle * Lumbrical muscle...
. Cutaneous distribution of the medial plantar nerve is to the medial sole and medial three and one half toes, including the nail beds on the dorsum (like the median nerve in the hand). Mnemonic LAFF muscles L-first Lumbrical, A- Abductor Hallucis, F- Flexor digitorum brevis, F- flexor hallucis brevis
Lateral plantar nerve
The lateral plantar nerveLateral plantar nerve
The lateral plantar nerve is a branch of the tibial nerve, in turn a branch of the sciatic nerve and supplies the skin of the fifth toe and lateral half of the fourth, as well as most of the deep muscles, its distribution being similar to that of the ulnar nerve in the hand.It passes obliquely...
supplies quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi can refer to:* Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle * Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle...
, adductor hallucis, the interossei
Interossei
Interossei refer to muscles between certain bones. There are many interossei in a human body. Specific interossei include:-On the hands:* Dorsal interossei muscles of the hand* Palmar interossei muscles-On the feet:...
, three lumbrical
Lumbrical
Lumbrical can refer to:* Lumbrical muscle * Lumbrical muscle...
s. and abductor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi muscle (foot)
The Abductor digiti minimi is a muscle which lies along the lateral border of the foot, and is in relation by its medial margin with the lateral plantar vessels and nerves....
. Cutaneous innervation
Cutaneous innervation
Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve.Dermatomes are similar; however, a dermatome only specifies the area served by a spinal nerve...
is to the lateral sole and lateral one and one half toes (like the ulnar nerve
Ulnar nerve
In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body , so injury is common...
).
