Tioga, New York
Encyclopedia
Tioga is a town in Tioga County
, New York
, United States
. The population was 4,840 at the 2000 census. The town is in the southwest part of the county and lies between Elmira
and Binghamton
. Tioga is in the Southern Tier
District of New York.
. The most recent prehistoric peoples were the Owasco, who appeared to migrate from southern areas and displaced the Point Peninsula Complex
peoples. They lived in isolated villages and had frequent warfare. Under pressure of warfare, they began to consolidate into larger tribes and confederacies.
The historic Iroquoian-speaking tribes developed as the Five Nations
of the Haudenosaunee or the Iroquois Confederacy, since about the 15th century. Of these, the Seneca Nation
had territory in present-day western New York.
The Sullivan Expedition
of 1779 during the American Revolutionary War passed through the area, destroying Seneca villages, as the Seneca and three other Iroquois nations sided with the British. Loyalist and allied Iroquois tribes had been raiding colonial settlements in the Mohawk Valley
and related areas.
After the American Revolutionary War
, those Iroquois nations who had sided with the British were forced to cede their lands to New York, although their treaties were not ratified by the US Congress. The first European-American settlers arrived around 1792.
Organized in 1788 before Tioga County was established, as part of the "Old Town of Chemung," the town was renamed "Owego" in 1791. That was the year Tioga County was created. TIn 1818 the town was renamed the "Town of Tioga" by switching names with the current Town of Owego
. The Village of Owego
was thus in the town of the same name.
, the town has a total area of 59.5 square miles (154.1 km²), of which, 58.7 square miles (152 km²) of it is land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km²) of it (1.31%) is water.
The Susquehanna River
forms the south town boundary. New York State Route 17C
follows the course of the Susquehanna on its north bank.
of 2000, there were 4,840 people, 1,849 households, and 1,362 families residing in the town. The population density
was 82.5 people per square mile (31.8/km²). There were 2,041 housing units at an average density of 34.8 per square mile (13.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.95% White, 0.14% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races
, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.
There were 1,849 households out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples
living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the town the population was spread out with 27.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $36,960, and the median income for a family was $46,650. Males had a median income of $27,169 versus $21,170 for females. The per capita income
for the town was $17,813. About 3.5% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.
Tioga County, New York
As of the census of 2010, there were 51,125 people residing in the county, with 22,203 housing units, of these 20,350 occupied, 1,853 vacant. The population density was 98 people per square mile...
, New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The population was 4,840 at the 2000 census. The town is in the southwest part of the county and lies between Elmira
Elmira, New York
Elmira is a city in Chemung County, New York, USA. It is the principal city of the 'Elmira, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area' which encompasses Chemung County, New York. The population was 29,200 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Chemung County.The City of Elmira is located in...
and Binghamton
Binghamton, New York
Binghamton is a city in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. It is near the Pennsylvania border, in a bowl-shaped valley at the confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers...
. Tioga is in the Southern Tier
Southern Tier
The Southern Tier is a geographical term that refers to the counties of New York State west of the Catskill Mountains along the northern border of Pennsylvania. It is a loosely defined term that generally includes the counties that border Pennsylvania west of Delaware County inclusive...
District of New York.
History
For thousands of years, this area of New York had been settled by distinct cultures of indigenous peoplesIndigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....
. The most recent prehistoric peoples were the Owasco, who appeared to migrate from southern areas and displaced the Point Peninsula Complex
Point Peninsula Complex
The Point Peninsula Complex was an indigenous culture located in Ontario and New York from 300 BCE to 700 CE . The people are thought to have been influenced by the Hopewell traditions of the Ohio River valley...
peoples. They lived in isolated villages and had frequent warfare. Under pressure of warfare, they began to consolidate into larger tribes and confederacies.
The historic Iroquoian-speaking tribes developed as the Five Nations
Five Nations
Five Nations can refer to:* The original five nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, a union of Native Americans* The Five Nations Championship in rugby union, now the Rugby Union Six Nations Championship...
of the Haudenosaunee or the Iroquois Confederacy, since about the 15th century. Of these, the Seneca Nation
Seneca nation
The Seneca are a group of indigenous people native to North America. They were the nation located farthest to the west within the Six Nations or Iroquois League in New York before the American Revolution. While exact population figures are unknown, approximately 15,000 to 25,000 Seneca live in...
had territory in present-day western New York.
The Sullivan Expedition
Sullivan Expedition
The Sullivan Expedition, also known as the Sullivan-Clinton Expedition, was an American campaign led by Major General John Sullivan and Brigadier General James Clinton against Loyalists and the four nations of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War.The...
of 1779 during the American Revolutionary War passed through the area, destroying Seneca villages, as the Seneca and three other Iroquois nations sided with the British. Loyalist and allied Iroquois tribes had been raiding colonial settlements in the Mohawk Valley
Mohawk Valley
The Mohawk Valley region of the U.S. state of New York is the area surrounding the Mohawk River, sandwiched between the Adirondack Mountains and Catskill Mountains....
and related areas.
After the American Revolutionary War
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...
, those Iroquois nations who had sided with the British were forced to cede their lands to New York, although their treaties were not ratified by the US Congress. The first European-American settlers arrived around 1792.
Organized in 1788 before Tioga County was established, as part of the "Old Town of Chemung," the town was renamed "Owego" in 1791. That was the year Tioga County was created. TIn 1818 the town was renamed the "Town of Tioga" by switching names with the current Town of Owego
Owego (town), New York
Owego is a town in Tioga County, New York, USA. The population was 20,365 at the 2000 census. The name is derived from the Iroquois word Ahwaga, meaning where the valley widens....
. The Village of Owego
Owego (village), New York
Owego is a village in and the county seat of Tioga County, New York, USA. The population was 3,911 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Area...
was thus in the town of the same name.
Geography
According to the United States Census BureauUnited States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the town has a total area of 59.5 square miles (154.1 km²), of which, 58.7 square miles (152 km²) of it is land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km²) of it (1.31%) is water.
The Susquehanna River
Susquehanna River
The Susquehanna River is a river located in the northeastern United States. At long, it is the longest river on the American east coast that drains into the Atlantic Ocean, and with its watershed it is the 16th largest river in the United States, and the longest river in the continental United...
forms the south town boundary. New York State Route 17C
New York State Route 17C
New York State Route 17C is a state highway in the Southern Tier of New York. Its western terminus is at an intersection with NY 34 in Waverly, Tioga County while its eastern terminus is at an intersection with U.S. Route 11 in Binghamton, Broome County...
follows the course of the Susquehanna on its north bank.
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 4,840 people, 1,849 households, and 1,362 families residing in the town. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 82.5 people per square mile (31.8/km²). There were 2,041 housing units at an average density of 34.8 per square mile (13.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.95% White, 0.14% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population.
There were 1,849 households out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the town the population was spread out with 27.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $36,960, and the median income for a family was $46,650. Males had a median income of $27,169 versus $21,170 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the town was $17,813. About 3.5% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.
Communities and locations in Tioga
- Catlin Hill – A hamletHamlet (place)A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
in the southeast part of the town. - Germany Hill – A hamlet near the north town line.
- Goodrich – A hamlet in the southeast corner of the town on County Road 23, near the Village of OwegoOwego (village), New YorkOwego is a village in and the county seat of Tioga County, New York, USA. The population was 3,911 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Binghamton Metropolitan Statistical Area...
and the confluence of the Owego Creek and the Susquehanna River. - Halsey Valley – A hamlet on the west town line, partly in BartonBarton, New YorkBarton is a town in southwestern Tioga County, New York, USA. The population was 9,066 at the 2000 census. It is southeast of Elmira.- History :The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 passed through this region. The first settlers arrived around 1791....
. It was founded around 1825. - Horton Crossing – A hamlet on NY-17C, east of Tioga Center.
- Owego Creek – A stream that forms part of the eastern town boundary.
- Smithboro – A hamlet west of Tioga Center and near the Susquehanna River on NY-17C.
- Straits Corners – A hamlet by the north town line.
- Tioga Center – A hamlet in the southeast part of the town on NY-17C near the Susquehanna River.