Tiszaújváros
Encyclopedia
Tiszaújváros is an industrial town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
county, Northern Hungary
, 35 km (22 mi) south-east of Miskolc
, near the river Tisza
.
Tiszaújváros owes its existence to the industrialization wave that took over the then-socialist
Hungary after World War II
. The government wanted to speed up industrial development and to create new job opportunities in the north-eastern part of the country.
The town is one of the few Hungarian towns that do not have a history dating back to the Middle Ages
or even earlier periods, although it was built near to an old village called Tiszaszederkény (which was eventually annexed to the new town) and used the name Tiszaszederkény until 1970.
The construction of the town began on 9 September 1955; among the first buildings was a thermal power station and some blocks of flats around it. In the next stage of construction the Tiszai Vegyi Kombinát ("Chemical Factory") was built. It is one of the major chemical complexes in Hungary and, according to their website, represents more than 20% of petrochemical capacities in Central Europe
. The first production unit, the paint
factory
started operating in 1961. Newer production units produce chemical fertilizers, polyethylene
, and carbon black
. An oil refinery was built too.
The factories needed workers, so living quarters were needed in the town. By 1962 several houses were built, mainly using prisoner labor force, and shops and restaurants were opened as well. On 1 June 1961 the council
of Tiszaszederkény moved to the new town. The first stage of construction was over. During the second stage (1962–1965) more houses and shops were built. By 1966 there were 1,464 flats for the workers, and on 1 April 1966 the town was officially granted town status. Between 1966 and 1970 – in the 3rd stage of town construction – two primary schools, a secondary school
and a community centre
were built. The town was now inhabited by 10,000 people.
On 22 April 1970 – the 100th anniversary of Lenin's
birth – the town's name was changed to Leninváros (Lenin Town).
In the 1980s the town developed slower, but steadily. In 1989 the socialist regime ended in Hungary, and on 22 November 1990 the town's name was changed to Tiszaújváros (literally: "new city on the Tisza"; another Hungarian industrial city, Sztálinváros – Stalin City – similarly changed its name to Dunaújváros
, "new city on the Danube" three decades earlier). During the 1990s the town developed fast, three churches and several new houses were built.
One of the most popular tourist attractions is a thermal bath and water park with chutes.
with:
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the name of an administrative county in north-eastern Hungary , on the border with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Hajdú-Bihar and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. The capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county is Miskolc...
county, Northern Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, 35 km (22 mi) south-east of Miskolc
Miskolc
Miskolc is a city in northeastern Hungary, mainly with heavy industrial background. With a population close to 170,000 Miskolc is the fourth largest city of Hungary It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.- Geography :Miskolc is located...
, near the river Tisza
Tisza
The Tisza or Tisa is one of the main rivers of Central Europe. It rises in Ukraine, and is formed near Rakhiv by the junction of headwaters White Tisa, whose source is in the Chornohora mountains and Black Tisa, which springs in the Gorgany range...
.
Tiszaújváros owes its existence to the industrialization wave that took over the then-socialist
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...
Hungary after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. The government wanted to speed up industrial development and to create new job opportunities in the north-eastern part of the country.
The town is one of the few Hungarian towns that do not have a history dating back to the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
or even earlier periods, although it was built near to an old village called Tiszaszederkény (which was eventually annexed to the new town) and used the name Tiszaszederkény until 1970.
The construction of the town began on 9 September 1955; among the first buildings was a thermal power station and some blocks of flats around it. In the next stage of construction the Tiszai Vegyi Kombinát ("Chemical Factory") was built. It is one of the major chemical complexes in Hungary and, according to their website, represents more than 20% of petrochemical capacities in Central Europe
Central Europe
Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...
. The first production unit, the paint
Paint
Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. One may also consider the digital mimicry thereof...
factory
Factory
A factory or manufacturing plant is an industrial building where laborers manufacture goods or supervise machines processing one product into another. Most modern factories have large warehouses or warehouse-like facilities that contain heavy equipment used for assembly line production...
started operating in 1961. Newer production units produce chemical fertilizers, polyethylene
Polyethylene
Polyethylene or polythene is the most widely used plastic, with an annual production of approximately 80 million metric tons...
, and carbon black
Carbon black
Carbon black is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, and a small amount from vegetable oil. Carbon black is a form of amorphous carbon that has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, although its...
. An oil refinery was built too.
The factories needed workers, so living quarters were needed in the town. By 1962 several houses were built, mainly using prisoner labor force, and shops and restaurants were opened as well. On 1 June 1961 the council
Town council
A town council is a democratically elected form of government for small municipalities or civil parishes. A council may serve as both the representative and executive branch....
of Tiszaszederkény moved to the new town. The first stage of construction was over. During the second stage (1962–1965) more houses and shops were built. By 1966 there were 1,464 flats for the workers, and on 1 April 1966 the town was officially granted town status. Between 1966 and 1970 – in the 3rd stage of town construction – two primary schools, a secondary school
Secondary school
Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...
and a community centre
Community centre
Community centres or community centers or jumping recreation centers are public locations where members of a community tend to gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may sometimes be open for the whole community or for a specialised group within...
were built. The town was now inhabited by 10,000 people.
On 22 April 1970 – the 100th anniversary of Lenin's
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years , as it fought to establish control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a...
birth – the town's name was changed to Leninváros (Lenin Town).
In the 1980s the town developed slower, but steadily. In 1989 the socialist regime ended in Hungary, and on 22 November 1990 the town's name was changed to Tiszaújváros (literally: "new city on the Tisza"; another Hungarian industrial city, Sztálinváros – Stalin City – similarly changed its name to Dunaújváros
Dunaújváros
Dunaújváros is a Hungarian city in Central Transdanubia, along the Danube river. It is in Fejér county.-History:Dunaújváros is one of the newest cities of the country...
, "new city on the Danube" three decades earlier). During the 1990s the town developed fast, three churches and several new houses were built.
One of the most popular tourist attractions is a thermal bath and water park with chutes.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Tiszaújváros is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
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