Tommaso Tittoni
Encyclopedia
Tommaso Tittoni was an Italian diplomat, politician and Knight of the Annunziata
.
, to which he returned in 1870, because his father, Vincenzo, a devotee of the Risorgimento, was forced in 1860 to flee the Papal States
.
He studied law
and, after graduating, entered into politics under the auspices of the right-wing politicians.
He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies from 1886 to 1897, and was himself selected as senator by Victor Emmanuel III
in 1902. From 1898 to 1903 he served as prefect in Perugia
until 1900, and later in Naples
.
Foreign Minister of Italy from 1903 to 1905, was acting Prime Minister of Italy
for only eleven days, from 16 March to 27 March 1905. Italian ambassador to London
(February to May 1906), he returned Foreign Minister in the third cabinet Giolitti
and then was Italian ambassador to Paris
(April 1910 - November 1916). For the third time Foreign Minister in the Nitti
government from 23 June 1919, he was at the same time head of the Italian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference
until his resignation from the government on 25 November 1919. From 1 December 1919 to 21 January 1929 he was president of the Italian Senate of the Kingdom
.
After the March on Rome
, Tittoni supported Mussolini's
Government and later became the first president of Royal Academy of Italy
(28 October 1929–16 September 1930), the most important cultural institution of the fascist dictatorship. On 8 April 1923 he had received the supreme honour of the knighthood of the Annunziata by King Victor Emmanuel
.
Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation is an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in mediæval Italy. It eventually was the pinnacle of the honours system in the Kingdom of Italy, which ceased to be a national order when the kingdom became a republic in 1946...
.
Biography
Tommaso Tittoni was born in RomeRome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, to which he returned in 1870, because his father, Vincenzo, a devotee of the Risorgimento, was forced in 1860 to flee the Papal States
Papal States
The Papal State, State of the Church, or Pontifical States were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia .The Papal States comprised territories under...
.
He studied law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
and, after graduating, entered into politics under the auspices of the right-wing politicians.
He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies from 1886 to 1897, and was himself selected as senator by Victor Emmanuel III
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
Victor Emmanuel III was a member of the House of Savoy and King of Italy . In addition, he claimed the crowns of Ethiopia and Albania and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Albania , which were unrecognised by the Great Powers...
in 1902. From 1898 to 1903 he served as prefect in Perugia
Perugia
Perugia is the capital city of the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the River Tiber, and the capital of the province of Perugia. The city is located about north of Rome. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area....
until 1900, and later in Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
.
Foreign Minister of Italy from 1903 to 1905, was acting Prime Minister of Italy
Prime minister of Italy
The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
for only eleven days, from 16 March to 27 March 1905. Italian ambassador to London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
(February to May 1906), he returned Foreign Minister in the third cabinet Giolitti
Giovanni Giolitti
Giovanni Giolitti was an Italian statesman. He was the 19th, 25th, 29th, 32nd and 37th Prime Minister of Italy between 1892 and 1921. A left-wing liberal, Giolitti's periods in office were notable for the passage of a wide range of progressive social reforms which improved the living standards of...
and then was Italian ambassador to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
(April 1910 - November 1916). For the third time Foreign Minister in the Nitti
Francesco Saverio Nitti
Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paola Nitti was an Italian economist and political figure. A Radical, he served as the 36th Prime Minister of Italy between 1919 and 1920....
government from 23 June 1919, he was at the same time head of the Italian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference
Paris Peace Conference, 1919
The Paris Peace Conference was the meeting of the Allied victors following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918. It took place in Paris in 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 32 countries and nationalities...
until his resignation from the government on 25 November 1919. From 1 December 1919 to 21 January 1929 he was president of the Italian Senate of the Kingdom
Italian Senate
The Senate of the Republic is the upper house of the Italian Parliament. It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948, but previously existed during the Kingdom of Italy as Senato del Regno , itself a continuation of the Senato Subalpino of Sardinia-Piedmont established on 8 May 1848...
.
After the March on Rome
March on Rome
The March on Rome was a march by which Italian dictator Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party came to power in the Kingdom of Italy...
, Tittoni supported Mussolini's
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....
Government and later became the first president of Royal Academy of Italy
Royal Academy of Italy
The Royal Academy of Italy was an organization of Italian academians, intellectuals, and cultural figures created on 7 January 1926 by the Fascist government of the Kingdom of Italy by a royal decree, and effectively dissolved in 1943....
(28 October 1929–16 September 1930), the most important cultural institution of the fascist dictatorship. On 8 April 1923 he had received the supreme honour of the knighthood of the Annunziata by King Victor Emmanuel
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
Victor Emmanuel III was a member of the House of Savoy and King of Italy . In addition, he claimed the crowns of Ethiopia and Albania and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Albania , which were unrecognised by the Great Powers...
.