Tongliao
Encyclopedia
Tongliao is a prefecture-level city
in eastern Inner Mongolia
, People's Republic of China. It borders Jilin
province to the east, Liaoning
to the south, Chifeng
to the southwest, the Xilin Gol League
to the west, and the Hinggan League to the north. The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jurim League. The area is 59535 square kilometres (22,986.6 sq mi) and population is 3,028,419 (as of 31 November 2001); the city proper has 411,625 inhabitants (2001). Tongliao Power Station is located here. Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
and Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry
are among the educational institutions of Tongliao. Not far from Tongliao are silica sands.
The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city is Bayisingtu ('having buildings'), while the original name of the province is Jirim. The Mongolian
dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin
.
-influenced, continental
steppe climate (Koppen
BSk), with long, cold, windy, but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly mean temperatures range from −13.5 °C in January to 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F). Much of the year's rainfall occurs from June to August, and even then dry and sunny weather dominates in the city.
Prefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
in eastern Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
, People's Republic of China. It borders Jilin
Jilin
Jilin , is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. Jilin borders North Korea and Russia to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west...
province to the east, Liaoning
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
to the south, Chifeng
Chifeng
Chifeng , also known as Ulanhad, is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It borders Xilin Gol to the north and west, Tongliao to the northeast, Chaoyang prefecture of Liaoning province to the southeast, and Chengde prefecture of Hebei province to the...
to the southwest, the Xilin Gol League
Xilin Gol League
Xilin Gol is one of 12 prefecture level divisions of Inner Mongolia. The capital is Xilinhot, the area is 202,580 km². The league's economy is based on mining and agriculture....
to the west, and the Hinggan League to the north. The city was the administrative centre of the defunct Jurim League. The area is 59535 square kilometres (22,986.6 sq mi) and population is 3,028,419 (as of 31 November 2001); the city proper has 411,625 inhabitants (2001). Tongliao Power Station is located here. Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government. Located in Tongliao.-External links:* * ** ** **...
and Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry
Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry
Inner Mongolia College of Farming and Animal Husbandry is located in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China....
are among the educational institutions of Tongliao. Not far from Tongliao are silica sands.
The original Mongolian name for Tongliao city is Bayisingtu ('having buildings'), while the original name of the province is Jirim. The Mongolian
Mongolian language
The Mongolian language is the official language of Mongolia and the best-known member of the Mongolic language family. The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5.2 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the Mongolian residents of the Inner...
dialect spoken in this area is Khorchin
Khorchin dialect
The Khorchin dialect is a variety of Mongolian spoken in the east of Inner Mongolia, namely in Hinggan League, in the north, north-east and east of Hinggan and in all but the south of the Tongliao region...
.
Subdivisions
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) |
Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Horqin District Horqin District Horqin District is a district of the city of Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin.-References:*... |
科尔沁区 | Kē'ěrqìn Qū | 810,000 | 3,212 | 252 |
| 2 | Holingol City Holingol Holingol is a county-level city of Inner Mongolia, China.It has a population of more than 70,000, which includes 17 ethnic groups... |
霍林郭勒市 | Huòlínguōlè Shì | 70,000 | 585 | 120 |
| 3 | Kailu County Kailu County Kailu County is a county in the east of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the east, and China National Highway 303 passes through it.-Climate:-References:*... |
开鲁县 | Kāilǔ Xiàn | 390,000 | 4,488 | 87 |
| 4 | Hure Banner Hure Banner Hure Banner is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Liaoning province to the south. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the north-northeast.-References:*... |
库伦旗 | Kùlún Qí | 180,000 | 4,650 | 39 |
| 5 | Naiman Banner Naiman Banner Naiman Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the northeast, and lies on the China National Highway 111.-References:*... |
奈曼旗 | Nàimàn Qí | 430,000 | 8,120 | 53 |
| 6 | Jarud Banner Jarud Banner Jarud Banner is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, , and the China National Highway 304 passes through the area.-Climate:-References:*... |
扎鲁特旗 | Zālǔtè Qí | 300,000 | 17,193 | 17 |
| 7 | Horqin Left Middle Banner Horqin Left Middle Banner Horqin Left Middle Banner , formerly known as Darhan hoshuu, is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Jilin province to the east. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the southwest. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin.-References:*... |
科尔沁左翼中旗 | Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì Zhōng Qí |
530,000 | 9,811 | 54 |
| 8 | Horqin Left Back Banner Horqin Left Back Banner Horqin Left Back Banner is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Liaoning province to the south. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the north... |
科尔沁左翼后旗 | Kē'ěrqìn Zuǒyì Hòu Qí |
400,000 | 11,476 | 35 |
Demographics
Ethnic groups in Tongliao, 2000 census.| Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Han Chinese Han Chinese Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the... |
1.548.721 | 51,14% |
| Mongol | 1.373.470 | 45,35% |
| Manchu Manchu The Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which... |
88.654 | 2,93% |
| Hui Chinese | 12.447 | 0,41% |
| Korean | 2.709 | 0,09% |
| Xibe Xibe The Xibe or Sibo are a Tungusic ethnic group living mostly in northeast China and Xinjiang. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.- History :... |
781 | 0,03% |
| Daur | 492 | 0,02% |
Geography and climate
Tongliao has a four-season, monsoonMonsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
-influenced, continental
Continentality
Continentality is the tendency of land to experience more thermal variation than water, due to the land's lower specific heat capacity. Continental climate also tends to be dryer than oceanic climate as there is less moisture input to the atmosphere from evaporation...
steppe climate (Koppen
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
BSk), with long, cold, windy, but dry winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly mean temperatures range from −13.5 °C in January to 24.1 °C (75.4 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 6.6 °C (43.9 °F). Much of the year's rainfall occurs from June to August, and even then dry and sunny weather dominates in the city.