Tovariševo
Encyclopedia
Tovariševo is a village in Serbia
, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 3,102 people (2002 census).
, the village is known as Tovariševo or Товаришево, in German
as Towarisch, in Hungarian
as Bácstóváros (or former Tovarisova), and in Croatian
as Tovariševo.
. Administratively it belongs to the municipality of Bačka Palanka
.
communities of Vojvodina
, first mentioned in 1543, during Ottoman
administration. It administratively was part of the Ottoman Sanjak of Segedin. In the end of the 17th century, the village was abandoned, but was repopulated in the beginning of the 18th century, during Habsburg
administration. A description from the end of the 18th century (by András Vályi) states that "Tovarisova is a Rac (Serb
) village in Bács county. The landowner is the Royal Hungarian Chamber and the population follows the old faith (i.e. Orthodox). The black soil gives wheat, barley and oats, the village has an oak forest and a bad vineyard; it hasn't any water, but after the long autumn rains the soil became sodden; it lacks reed but it has silk-beetles. The nearest market-town is Újvidék (Novi Sad
), where people can earn money from the sale of cattle."
Until 1848, the village was part of the Batsch-Bodrog County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
. In 1848-1849 it was part of autonomous Serbian Vojvodina
, while from 1849 to 1860, it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, which was an separate Habsburg crownland. After abolishment of the voivodeship, in 1860, the village was again included into Batsch-Bodrog County.
In 1787 population of the village numbered 1,490 inhabitants, while until the middle of the 19th century number of inhabitants was enlarged to 2,945. After 1843, a German minority settled in the village next to the Serbs
, and they built a big Roman Catholic church dedicated to Saint Charles Borromeo in 1882. The population of Tovariševo was 3,439 (2,281 Serbs and 844 Germans) in 1880.
Since 1918, the village is part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia
in 1929). In 1921, population of the village was 3,875, mostly Serb, while 850 inhabitants were Germans. From 1918 to 1922, the village was part of Novi Sad
county, from 1922 to 1929 part of Bačka
Oblast, and from 1929 to 1941 part of Danube Banovina
. During the Second World War
, from 1941 to 1944, the village was under Axis
occupation and was attached to Horthy's
Hungary
.
In 1944, Soviet
Red Army
and Yugoslav partisans expelled Axis troops from the region and village became part of the new socialist Yugoslavia. Local German population mostly fled from the area together with defeated German army
. Since 1944, the village is part of the autonomous province of Vojvodina
, which in 1945 was included into People's Republic of Serbia within Yugoslavia
.
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
Vojvodina
Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 3,102 people (2002 census).
Name
In SerbianSerbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
, the village is known as Tovariševo or Товаришево, in German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
as Towarisch, in Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
as Bácstóváros (or former Tovarisova), and in Croatian
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
as Tovariševo.
Geography
Tovariševo is located in the South Bačka DistrictSouth Backa District
South Bačka District is a northern district of Serbia. It lies in the southern part of Bačka and northern part of Syrmia, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It has a population of 607,835...
. Administratively it belongs to the municipality of Bačka Palanka
Backa Palanka
Bačka Palanka is a city and municipality located in Serbia, on left bank of the Danube, at 45.15° North, 19.24° East...
.
History
Tovariševo is one of the old SerbSerbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
communities of Vojvodina
Vojvodina
Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
, first mentioned in 1543, during Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
administration. It administratively was part of the Ottoman Sanjak of Segedin. In the end of the 17th century, the village was abandoned, but was repopulated in the beginning of the 18th century, during Habsburg
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
administration. A description from the end of the 18th century (by András Vályi) states that "Tovarisova is a Rac (Serb
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
) village in Bács county. The landowner is the Royal Hungarian Chamber and the population follows the old faith (i.e. Orthodox). The black soil gives wheat, barley and oats, the village has an oak forest and a bad vineyard; it hasn't any water, but after the long autumn rains the soil became sodden; it lacks reed but it has silk-beetles. The nearest market-town is Újvidék (Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
), where people can earn money from the sale of cattle."
Until 1848, the village was part of the Batsch-Bodrog County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. In 1848-1849 it was part of autonomous Serbian Vojvodina
Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina was a Serbian autonomous region within the Austrian Empire...
, while from 1849 to 1860, it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, which was an separate Habsburg crownland. After abolishment of the voivodeship, in 1860, the village was again included into Batsch-Bodrog County.
In 1787 population of the village numbered 1,490 inhabitants, while until the middle of the 19th century number of inhabitants was enlarged to 2,945. After 1843, a German minority settled in the village next to the Serbs
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
, and they built a big Roman Catholic church dedicated to Saint Charles Borromeo in 1882. The population of Tovariševo was 3,439 (2,281 Serbs and 844 Germans) in 1880.
Since 1918, the village is part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
in 1929). In 1921, population of the village was 3,875, mostly Serb, while 850 inhabitants were Germans. From 1918 to 1922, the village was part of Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
county, from 1922 to 1929 part of Bačka
Backa
Bačka is a geographical area within the Pannonian plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east of which confluence is located near Titel...
Oblast, and from 1929 to 1941 part of Danube Banovina
Danube Banovina
The Danube Banovina or Danube Banate was a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. This province consisted of the geographical regions of Syrmia, Bačka, Banat, Baranja, Šumadija, and Braničevo. The capital city of the Danube Banovina was Novi Sad...
. During the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, from 1941 to 1944, the village was under Axis
Axis Powers
The Axis powers , also known as the Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, was an alignment of great powers during the mid-20th century that fought World War II against the Allies. It began in 1936 with treaties of friendship between Germany and Italy and between Germany and...
occupation and was attached to Horthy's
Miklós Horthy
Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya was the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary during the interwar years and throughout most of World War II, serving from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944. Horthy was styled "His Serene Highness the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary" .Admiral Horthy was an officer of the...
Hungary
Hungary during World War II
Hungary during World War II was a member of the Axis powers. In the 1930s, the Kingdom of Hungary relied on increased trade with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany to pull itself out of the Great Depression. By 1938, Hungarian politics and foreign policy had become increasingly pro-Fascist Italian and...
.
In 1944, Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
and Yugoslav partisans expelled Axis troops from the region and village became part of the new socialist Yugoslavia. Local German population mostly fled from the area together with defeated German army
German Army
The German Army is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. Following the disbanding of the Wehrmacht after World War II, it was re-established in 1955 as the Bundesheer, part of the newly formed West German Bundeswehr along with the Navy and the Air Force...
. Since 1944, the village is part of the autonomous province of Vojvodina
Vojvodina
Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
, which in 1945 was included into People's Republic of Serbia within Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
.