Trabzon Province
Encyclopedia
Trabzon Province is a province
of Turkey
on the Black Sea
coast. Located in a strategically important region, Trabzon is one of the oldest trade
port
cities in Anatolia
. Neighbouring provinces are Giresun
to the west, Gümüşhane
to the southwest, Bayburt
to the southeast and Rize
to the east. The provincial capital is Trabzon
city, and the traffic code is 61. The major ethnic groups are Chepni Turks and Laz
es. The province is home to a small community of Muslim
Romeika
-speakers. Those speakers are not fluent in this language.
(capital district in bold):
Districts along the 114 km coastline (from West to East): Beşikdüzü
, Vakfıkebir
, Çarşıbaşı
, Akçaabat
, Yomra
, Arsin, Araklı
, Sürmene
and Of
.
Districts inland: Tonya
, Düzköy
, Şalpazarı
, Maçka
, Köprübaşı, Dernekpazarı
, Hayrat
and Çaykara
.
Beşikdüzü and Şalpazarı gained district status in 1988, Çarşıbaşı, Düzköy, Köprübaşı, Dernekpazarı and Hayrat in 1990.
Remarkably attractive throughout its history
, Trabzon
was the subject of hundreds of travel books by western traveller
s, some of whom had named it "city of tale
in the East" The capital city Trabzon
was founded, as Trapezus
, by Greek colonists from Sinope, modern Sinop, Turkey
. Starting from the 9th century BC, the city had also been mentioned by historians such as Homeros, Herodotus
, Hesiod
os. The first written source regarding Trabzon is Anabasis
, authored by Xenophon
. An important Roman
and Byzantine
centre, it was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond
from 1204 to 1461. Trabzon was subsequently made part of the Ottoman Empire
by Mehmet the Conqueror
. It was initially a sanjak
before gaining the status of eyalet
, and finally became a vilayet in 1868. After the region was conquered in 1461, Fatih Medrese (1462), Hatuniye Medrese (1515), İskenderpaşa Medrese (1529) and Hamzapaşa Medrese (1543) were established as important educational centers of the period.
The province was a site of major fighting between Ottoman and Russian
forces during the Caucasus Campaign
of World War I
, which resulted in the capture of the city of Trabzon by the Russian army under command of Grand Duke Nicholas and Nikolai Yudenich
in April 1916. The province reverted to Turkish control in 1918 following the end of the war.
Provinces of Turkey
Turkey is divided into 81 provinces, called il in Turkish .A province is administered by an appointed governor , and was formerly termed a "governorate" ....
of Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
on the Black Sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
coast. Located in a strategically important region, Trabzon is one of the oldest trade
Trade
Trade is the transfer of ownership of goods and services from one person or entity to another. Trade is sometimes loosely called commerce or financial transaction or barter. A network that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and...
port
Port
A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land....
cities in Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
. Neighbouring provinces are Giresun
Giresun Province
Giresun Province is a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast. Its adjacent provinces are Trabzon to the east, Gümüşhane to the south-west, Erzincan to the south, Sivas to the south-east, and Ordu to the west. The provincial capital is Giresun....
to the west, Gümüşhane
Gümüshane Province
Gümüşhane Province is a province in northern Turkey, bordering Bayburt to the east, Trabzon to the north, Giresun and Erzincan to the west. It covers an area of 6,575 km² and has a population of 129,618 in 2010. The population was 186,953 in 2000. The name Gümüşhane means silver house...
to the southwest, Bayburt
Bayburt Province
Bayburt Province is a province in the north-east of Turkey. Population of the province is 74,412 and total area is 3,652 km². The capital city is Bayburt.- Districts :Bayburt province is divided into 3 districts :* Aydıntepe...
to the southeast and Rize
Rize Province
Rize Province is a province of north-east Turkey, on the eastern Black Sea coast between Trabzon and Artvin. Its capital is the city of Rize.-Geography:...
to the east. The provincial capital is Trabzon
Trabzon
Trabzon is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon, located on the historical Silk Road, became a melting pot of religions, languages and culture for centuries and a trade gateway to Iran in the southeast and the Caucasus to the northeast...
city, and the traffic code is 61. The major ethnic groups are Chepni Turks and Laz
Laz
Laz may refer to the Laz people, who live by the Black Sea, or to their language. As a given name, Laz may be a diminutive for Lazar, Lazarus, Lazaro, or Lazaros...
es. The province is home to a small community of Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
Romeika
Pontic language
Pontic Greek is a form of the Greek language originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, northeastern Anatolia, Eastern Turkish/Caucasus province of Kars, southern Georgia, and today mainly in northern Greece...
-speakers. Those speakers are not fluent in this language.
Districts
Trabzon province is divided into 18 districtsDistricts of Turkey
The 81 provinces of Turkey are divided into 957 districts . In the early Turkish Republic and in the Ottoman Empire, the corresponding unit was the kaza....
(capital district in bold):
|
|
Districts along the 114 km coastline (from West to East): Beşikdüzü
Besikdüzü
Beşikdüzü is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Ramis Uzun .-Name:The name Beşikdüzü is composed of two Turkish words, namely beşik, "a cradle" and düzü, "a plain". There is a mountain may be strato volcano called Beşikdağ 1 km...
, Vakfıkebir
Vakfikebir
Vakfıkebir is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Hayri Birinci .-Notable natives:*Volkan Bekçi , footballer*Tayfun Cora , footballer of Trabzonspor...
, Çarşıbaşı
Çarsibasi
Çarşıbaşı is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Coşkun Yılmaz .-External links:*...
, Akçaabat
Akçaabat
Akçaabat is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located on the east of the city of Trabzon. It covers an area of 385 km² and the elevation is 10 m. The town has an estimated population of 48,315...
, Yomra
Yomra
Yomra is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is İbrahim Sağıroğlu .Related Places:ZingilaVarvara, harmanlı köyüÇukurköy-External links:* *...
, Arsin, Araklı
Arakli
Araklı is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Recep Çebi .-External links:* * *...
, Sürmene
Sürmene
Sürmene is a town and a district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. In ancient times it was also known as Hyssus or Hyssos and Issiporto. The mayor is Fikri Usta ....
and Of
Of, Turkey
Of is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located in the eastern part of Trabzon and is an important historical district of the province. The mayor is Oktay Saral .-Name:...
.
Districts inland: Tonya
Tonya
Tonya is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Ahmet Kurt .-External links:* *...
, Düzköy
Düzköy
Düzköy is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Salih Bakal ....
, Şalpazarı
Salpazari
Şalpazarı is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The population is around 12,000 including the surrounding villages. The mayor is Fehmi Cengiz . Şalpazarı is a home to sizeable Chepni Turkmen population....
, Maçka
Maçka
Maçka is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Ertuğrul Genç .-External links:* *...
, Köprübaşı, Dernekpazarı
Dernekpazari
Dernekpazarı is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Cevdet Cemal Cansız .-Villages:*Akköse*Çalışanlar*Çayırbaşı*Gülen*Günebakan*Ormancık*Taşçılar*Tüfekçi *Yenice*Zincirlitaş...
, Hayrat
Hayrat
Hayrat is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Mehmet Nuhoğlu .-External links:*...
and Çaykara
Çaykara
Çaykara is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The mayor is Namık Kemal Gedikoğlu .-External links:* *...
.
Beşikdüzü and Şalpazarı gained district status in 1988, Çarşıbaşı, Düzköy, Köprübaşı, Dernekpazarı and Hayrat in 1990.
History
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...
, Trabzon
Trabzon
Trabzon is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon, located on the historical Silk Road, became a melting pot of religions, languages and culture for centuries and a trade gateway to Iran in the southeast and the Caucasus to the northeast...
was the subject of hundreds of travel books by western traveller
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
s, some of whom had named it "city of tale
Tale
Tale may refer to:*Cautionary tale, a traditional story told in folklore, to warn its hearer of a danger*Fairy tale, a fictional story that usually features folkloric characters and enchantments*Folk tale, a story passed-down within a particular population, which comprises the traditions of that...
in the East" The capital city Trabzon
Trabzon
Trabzon is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. Trabzon, located on the historical Silk Road, became a melting pot of religions, languages and culture for centuries and a trade gateway to Iran in the southeast and the Caucasus to the northeast...
was founded, as Trapezus
Trapezus
Trapezus, Trapezounta, and Trapezounta can refer to:*Trabzon, an ancient settlement on the Black Sea in Turkey.*Trapezus, a city in the province Arcadia in Greece...
, by Greek colonists from Sinope, modern Sinop, Turkey
Sinop, Turkey
Sinop is a city with a population of 36,734 on İnce Burun , by its Cape Sinop which is situated on the most northern edge of the Turkish side of Black Sea coast, in the ancient region of Paphlagonia, in modern-day northern Turkey, historically known as Sinope...
. Starting from the 9th century BC, the city had also been mentioned by historians such as Homeros, Herodotus
Herodotus
Herodotus was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus, Caria and lived in the 5th century BC . He has been called the "Father of History", and was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a...
, Hesiod
Hesiod
Hesiod was a Greek oral poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. His is the first European poetry in which the poet regards himself as a topic, an individual with a distinctive role to play. Ancient authors credited him and...
os. The first written source regarding Trabzon is Anabasis
Anabasis (Xenophon)
Anabasis is the most famous work, in seven books, of the Greek professional soldier and writer Xenophon. The journey it narrates is his best known accomplishment and "one of the great adventures in human history," as Will Durant expressed the common assessment.- The account :Xenophon accompanied...
, authored by Xenophon
Xenophon
Xenophon , son of Gryllus, of the deme Erchia of Athens, also known as Xenophon of Athens, was a Greek historian, soldier, mercenary, philosopher and a contemporary and admirer of Socrates...
. An important Roman
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
and Byzantine
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
centre, it was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond
Empire of Trebizond
The Empire of Trebizond, founded in April 1204, was one of three Byzantine successor states of the Byzantine Empire. However, the creation of the Empire of Trebizond was not directly related to the capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, rather it had broken away from the Byzantine Empire...
from 1204 to 1461. Trabzon was subsequently made part of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
by Mehmet the Conqueror
Mehmed II
Mehmed II , was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to September 1446, and later from...
. It was initially a sanjak
Sanjak
Sanjaks were administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire. Sanjak, and the variant spellings sandjak, sanjaq, and sinjaq, are English transliterations of the Turkish word sancak, meaning district, banner, or flag...
before gaining the status of eyalet
Eyalet
Eyalets were a former primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. The term is sometimes translated province or government. Depending on the rank of their commander, they are also sometimes known as pashaliks, beylerbeyliks, and kapudanliks.From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth...
, and finally became a vilayet in 1868. After the region was conquered in 1461, Fatih Medrese (1462), Hatuniye Medrese (1515), İskenderpaşa Medrese (1529) and Hamzapaşa Medrese (1543) were established as important educational centers of the period.
The province was a site of major fighting between Ottoman and Russian
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
forces during the Caucasus Campaign
Caucasus Campaign
The Caucasus Campaign comprised armed conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, later including Azerbaijan, Armenia, Central Caspian Dictatorship and the UK as part of the Middle Eastern theatre or alternatively named as part of the Caucasus Campaign during World War I...
of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, which resulted in the capture of the city of Trabzon by the Russian army under command of Grand Duke Nicholas and Nikolai Yudenich
Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich
Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich , was a commander of the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was a leader of the anti-communist White movement in Northwestern Russia during the Civil War.-Early life:...
in April 1916. The province reverted to Turkish control in 1918 following the end of the war.
Population History
- 2000 - 979,081
- 1997 - 858,687
- 1990 - 795,849
- 1985 - 786,194
- 1980 - 731,045
- 1975 - 719,008
- 1970 - 659,120
- 1965 - 595,782
- 1960 - 532,999
- 1955 - 462,249
- 1950 - 420,279
- 1945 - 395,733
- 1940 - 390,733
- 1935 - 360,679
- 1927 - 290,303
External links
- Blacksea Region Culture
- All about Trabzon
- Trabzon Governorate
- Trabzon Municipality
- Trabzonspor S.K.
- Unions of Europe Trabzon Associations
- Introduction Video Trabzon
- Trabzon Property