Transfer RNA-like structures
Encyclopedia
Transfer RNA-like structures (tRNA-like structures) are RNA
sequences, which have a similar tertiary structure to tRNA; they frequently contain a pseudoknot
close to the 3' end. The presence of tRNA-like structures has been demonstrated in many plant virus RNA genomes. These tRNA-like structures are linked to regulation of plant virus replication.
tRNA-like structures mimic some tRNA function, such as aminoacylation
. There are three aminoacylation
specificities, valine
, histidine
and tyrosine
. For example, valine binds to the tRNA-like structure of the turnip yellow mosaic virus
genome whilst tyrosine binds to the tRNA-like structure of the barley stripe mosaic virus
genome. tRNA-like structures which lack the 3' termini lack complete or partial tRNA mimicry.
tRNA-like structures are required for RNA encapsulation and increase RNA stability. They also act as 3'-translational enhancers and regulators of minus strand synthesis.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid , or RNA, is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life....
sequences, which have a similar tertiary structure to tRNA; they frequently contain a pseudoknot
Pseudoknot
A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem. The pseudoknot was first recognized in the turnip yellow mosaic virus in 1982...
close to the 3' end. The presence of tRNA-like structures has been demonstrated in many plant virus RNA genomes. These tRNA-like structures are linked to regulation of plant virus replication.
tRNA-like structures mimic some tRNA function, such as aminoacylation
Aminoacylation
Aminoacylation is the process of adding an aminoacyl group to a compound.-See also:*Acylation*tRNA aminoacylation*Transfer RNA-like structures...
. There are three aminoacylation
Aminoacylation
Aminoacylation is the process of adding an aminoacyl group to a compound.-See also:*Acylation*tRNA aminoacylation*Transfer RNA-like structures...
specificities, valine
Valine
Valine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar...
, histidine
Histidine
Histidine Histidine, an essential amino acid, has a positively charged imidazole functional group. It is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are CAU and CAC. Histidine was first isolated by German physician Albrecht Kossel in 1896. Histidine is an essential amino acid in humans...
and tyrosine
Tyrosine
Tyrosine or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, is one of the 22 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. Its codons are UAC and UAU. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group...
. For example, valine binds to the tRNA-like structure of the turnip yellow mosaic virus
Turnip yellow mosaic virus
Turnip yellow mosaic virus is a tymovirus of the family Tymoviridae. These viruses infect dicotyledons while few of them attack monocotyledons also. They cause bright yellow mosaic disease showing vein clearing & molting of plant tissues.-External links:...
genome whilst tyrosine binds to the tRNA-like structure of the barley stripe mosaic virus
Barley stripe mosaic virus
Barley stripe mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus that primarily infects barley in Canada.- Symptoms :Mottling with yellowish spots or stripes may occur, along with stunted growth and late maturation....
genome. tRNA-like structures which lack the 3' termini lack complete or partial tRNA mimicry.
tRNA-like structures are required for RNA encapsulation and increase RNA stability. They also act as 3'-translational enhancers and regulators of minus strand synthesis.