Transliterations of Manchu
Encyclopedia
There are several systems for transliteration of the Manchu alphabet
which is used for the Manchu
and Sibe
languages. These include the Möllendorff transliteration system invented by Paul Georg von Möllendorff
, BabelPad transliteration, the transliteration of the New Manchu-Chinese Dictionary, and Daicing transliteration (DAO).
In the transliteration of the New Manchu-Chinese Dictionary, separate s and h are written as s’h to avoid the confusion with sh.
Manchu alphabet
The Manchu alphabet was used for recording the now near-extinct Manchu language; a similar script is used today by the Xibe people, who speak a language descended from Manchu...
which is used for the Manchu
Manchu language
Manchu is a Tungusic endangered language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus...
and Sibe
Xibe language
The Xibe language is the most widely spoken of the Tungusic languages spoken by members of the Xibe ethnic group in Xinjiang, in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.-Phonology:...
languages. These include the Möllendorff transliteration system invented by Paul Georg von Möllendorff
Paul Georg von Möllendorff
Paul Georg von Möllendorff was a German linguist and diplomat. Möllendorff is mostly known for his service as an adviser to the Korean king Gojong in the late nineteenth century and for his contributions to Sinology...
, BabelPad transliteration, the transliteration of the New Manchu-Chinese Dictionary, and Daicing transliteration (DAO).
| Möllendorff Paul Georg von Möllendorff Paul Georg von Möllendorff was a German linguist and diplomat. Möllendorff is mostly known for his service as an adviser to the Korean king Gojong in the late nineteenth century and for his contributions to Sinology... |
BabelPad | New Manchu-Chinese Dictionary | Daicing | Manchu Manchu language Manchu is a Tungusic endangered language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus... & Unicode Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems... |
Sibe Xibe language The Xibe language is the most widely spoken of the Tungusic languages spoken by members of the Xibe ethnic group in Xinjiang, in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.-Phonology:... & Unicode Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems... |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | a | a | a | 1820 | 1820 |
| e | e | e | e | 185D | 185D |
| i | i | i | i | 1873 | 185E |
| y | y | y | i' | 185F | 185F |
| o | o | o | o | 1823 | 1823 |
| u | u | u | u | 1860 | 1860 |
| ū | uu | uu | v | 1861 | 1861 |
| n | n | n | n | 1828 | 1828 |
| ng | ng | ng | ng | 1829 | 1862 |
| k | k | k | k | 1874 | 1863 |
| g | g | g | g | 1864 | 1864 |
| h | h | h | h | 1865 | 1865 |
| b | b | b | b | 182A | 182A |
| p | p | p | p | 1866 | 1866 |
| s | s | s | s | 1830 | 1830 |
| š | x | sh | x | 1867 | 1867 |
| t | t | t | t | 1868 | 1868 |
| d | d | d | d | 1869 | 1869 |
| l | l | l | l | 182F | 182F |
| m | m | m | m | 182E | 182E |
| c | c | ch | c | 1834 | 1834 |
| j | j | zh | j | 1835 | 186A |
| y | y | y | y | 1836 | 1836 |
| r | r | r | r | 1875 | 1837 |
| f | f | f | f | 1876 | 186B |
| w | w | w | w | 1838 | 1838 |
| k' | kh | kk | k' | 183A | 183A |
| g' | gh | gg | g' | 186C | 186C |
| h' | hh | hh | h' | 186D | 186D |
| ts' | ts | c | q | 186E | 186E |
| ts | tsy | cy | qi' | 186E 185F | 186E 185F |
| dz | dz | z | z | 186F | 186F |
| ž | z | rr | r' | 1870 | 1870 |
| sy | sy | sy | si' | 1830 185F | 1830 185F |
| c' | ch | ch | c' | 1871 | 1871 |
| c'y | chi | chy | c'i | 1871 1873 | 1871 185E |
| j | zh | zh | j' | 1877 | 1872 |
| jy | zhi | zhy | j'i | 1877 1873 | 1872 185E |
In the transliteration of the New Manchu-Chinese Dictionary, separate s and h are written as s’h to avoid the confusion with sh.