Treaty of London, 1827
Encyclopedia
The Treaty of London was signed by the United Kingdom
, France
, and Russia
on 6 July 1827. The three main Europe
an powers had called upon Greece
and the Ottoman Empire
(Turkey) to cease hostilities. The Greeks had revolted against Ottoman rule on March 6, 1821. The revolt had continued since that time. After years of negotiation, the European allied powers had finally decided to intervene in the war on the side of the Greeks. The allied powers mainly wanted this treaty to cause the Ottoman Empire
to create an independent Greek state. It stated that while the Ottoman Empire should recognize the independence of Greece, the Sultan
would be the supreme ruler of Greece. However, the Ottoman Empire, basing its decision upon its (supposedly) superior naval
force, declined to accept the treaty. The London Treaty of July 6, 1827, allowed the three European powers to intervene together on behalf of the Greeks in the naval Battle of Navarino
. At Navarino, on October 20, 1827, the allied powers crushed the combined Ottoman/Egyptian fleet in a spectacular vitory which forcefully and effectively created an independent Greek state.
The Treaty of London (1827) also bound Russia to a promise not to attempt any territorial aggrandisement at the expense of Turkey and/or secure any exclusive commercial advantage from Turkey as the result of any subsequent Russian war with Turkey. The war between Russia and Turkey anticipated by the Treaty, actually broke out in June of 1828 when Russian Troops crossed the Danube into the Ottoman controlled province of Dobruja
. This war became the Russo-Turkish War
of 1828-1829. The Treaty of Adrianople
was signed by Russia and Turkey on September 14, 1829, ending the Russo-Turkish War. On top of recognizing the independence of Greece, Turkey was forced by the Treaty to However, the Treaty of Adrianople imposed harsh indemnitlack Sea y payments on Turkey, required Turkey to give the Danube Delta and its islands, and a considerable portion of the Black Sea south of the Kuban estuary over to Russia. Because of these new territorial arrangements and the other articles contained in the treaty, Britain and the other other Euro;pean powers came to regard the Treaty of Adrianople as infringing on the promises that Russia had made in the Treaty of 1827.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, and Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
on 6 July 1827. The three main Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
an powers had called upon Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
and the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
(Turkey) to cease hostilities. The Greeks had revolted against Ottoman rule on March 6, 1821. The revolt had continued since that time. After years of negotiation, the European allied powers had finally decided to intervene in the war on the side of the Greeks. The allied powers mainly wanted this treaty to cause the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
to create an independent Greek state. It stated that while the Ottoman Empire should recognize the independence of Greece, the Sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
would be the supreme ruler of Greece. However, the Ottoman Empire, basing its decision upon its (supposedly) superior naval
Navy
A navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions...
force, declined to accept the treaty. The London Treaty of July 6, 1827, allowed the three European powers to intervene together on behalf of the Greeks in the naval Battle of Navarino
Battle of Navarino
The naval Battle of Navarino was fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence in Navarino Bay , on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Ionian Sea. A combined Ottoman and Egyptian armada was destroyed by a combined British, French and Russian naval force...
. At Navarino, on October 20, 1827, the allied powers crushed the combined Ottoman/Egyptian fleet in a spectacular vitory which forcefully and effectively created an independent Greek state.
The Treaty of London (1827) also bound Russia to a promise not to attempt any territorial aggrandisement at the expense of Turkey and/or secure any exclusive commercial advantage from Turkey as the result of any subsequent Russian war with Turkey. The war between Russia and Turkey anticipated by the Treaty, actually broke out in June of 1828 when Russian Troops crossed the Danube into the Ottoman controlled province of Dobruja
Dobruja
Dobruja is a historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast...
. This war became the Russo-Turkish War
Russo-Turkish War
Russo-Turkish War may refer to one of the following conflicts between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire:*Russo-Turkish War *Russo-Turkish War *Russo-Turkish War *Pruth River Campaign...
of 1828-1829. The Treaty of Adrianople
Treaty of Adrianople
The Peace Treaty of Adrianople concluded the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It was signed on September 14, 1829 in Adrianople by Russia's Count Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov and by Turkey's Abdul Kadyr-bey...
was signed by Russia and Turkey on September 14, 1829, ending the Russo-Turkish War. On top of recognizing the independence of Greece, Turkey was forced by the Treaty to However, the Treaty of Adrianople imposed harsh indemnitlack Sea y payments on Turkey, required Turkey to give the Danube Delta and its islands, and a considerable portion of the Black Sea south of the Kuban estuary over to Russia. Because of these new territorial arrangements and the other articles contained in the treaty, Britain and the other other Euro;pean powers came to regard the Treaty of Adrianople as infringing on the promises that Russia had made in the Treaty of 1827.
See also
- List of treaties
- Treaties of LondonTreaty of LondonThe Treaty of London may refer to:* Treaty of London , which ceded western France to England, repudiated by the Estates-General in Paris on 19 May 1359* Treaty of London , a non-aggression pact between the major European nations...