Trebor (composer)
Encyclopedia
Trebor was a 14th-century composer
of polyphonic
chanson
s, active in Navarre
and other southwest European
courts circa 1380-1400. He may be the same person also called Triboll, Trebol, and Borlet
in other contemporaneous sources. His name is likely a palindrome
of Robert.
His compositions are associated with the style known as ars subtilior
, and six of his works survive in one of the most important surviving manuscripts of ars subtilior music, the Chantilly Codex
. Some of his pieces explicitly reference historical events such as the Aragon
ese conquest of Sardinia
in 1388-89 and the reign of Gaston Febus
, the count of Foix
. His music was well known to Avignon
ese composers of the time, such as Grimace
and Franciscus Andrieu, who quoted some of his pieces in their works. He is noted for his use of displacement syncopation and sustain
ed chords, the former of which is one of the hallmark devices of late 14th-century French musical style.
The compositions attributed to Trebor, most of them in the Chantilly Codex, are:
Composer
A composer is a person who creates music, either by musical notation or oral tradition, for interpretation and performance, or through direct manipulation of sonic material through electronic media...
of polyphonic
Polyphony
In music, polyphony is a texture consisting of two or more independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords ....
chanson
Chanson
A chanson is in general any lyric-driven French song, usually polyphonic and secular. A singer specialising in chansons is known as a "chanteur" or "chanteuse" ; a collection of chansons, especially from the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, is also known as a chansonnier.-Chanson de geste:The...
s, active in Navarre
Navarre
Navarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France...
and other southwest European
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
courts circa 1380-1400. He may be the same person also called Triboll, Trebol, and Borlet
Borlet
Borlet was a 14th and 15th century composer whose life we know extremely little about. It is thought that his name is an anagram of Trebol, a French composer who served Martin of Aragon in 1409 at the same time as Gacian Reyneau and other composers in the Codex Chantilly.If this Trebol is the same...
in other contemporaneous sources. His name is likely a palindrome
Palindrome
A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of units that can be read the same way in either direction, with general allowances for adjustments to punctuation and word dividers....
of Robert.
His compositions are associated with the style known as ars subtilior
Ars subtilior
Ars subtilior is a musical style characterized by rhythmic and notational complexity, centered around Paris, Avignon in southern France, also in northern Spain at the end of the fourteenth century. The style also is found in the French Cypriot repertory...
, and six of his works survive in one of the most important surviving manuscripts of ars subtilior music, the Chantilly Codex
Chantilly Codex
The Chantilly Codex is a manuscript of medieval music containing pieces from the style known as the Ars subtilior. It is held in the museum at the Château de Chantilly in Chantilly, Oise....
. Some of his pieces explicitly reference historical events such as the Aragon
Aragon
Aragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
ese conquest of Sardinia
Sardinia
Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea . It is an autonomous region of Italy, and the nearest land masses are the French island of Corsica, the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Tunisia and the Spanish Balearic Islands.The name Sardinia is from the pre-Roman noun *sard[],...
in 1388-89 and the reign of Gaston Febus
Gaston III of Foix-Béarn
Gaston III/X of Foix-Béarn, also Gaston Fébus or Gaston Phoebus was the 11th count of Foix, and viscount of Béarn . Officially, he was Gaston III of Foix and Gaston X of Béarn.-Early life:...
, the count of Foix
Foix
Foix is a commune, the capital of the Ariège department in southwestern France. It is the least populous administrative centre of a department in all of France, although it is only very slightly smaller than Privas...
. His music was well known to Avignon
Avignon
Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
ese composers of the time, such as Grimace
Grimace (composer)
Grimace was a French composer active in the mid-to-late 14th century.Grimace was active in the period of music history known as the ars nova and was probably a contemporary of Guillaume de Machaut, since his compositions lack the complicated rhythms of the Ars subtilior...
and Franciscus Andrieu, who quoted some of his pieces in their works. He is noted for his use of displacement syncopation and sustain
Sustain
In music, sustain is a parameter of musical sound over time. As its name implies, it denotes the period of time during which the sound remains before it becomes inaudible, or silent.Additionally, sustain is the third of the four segments in an ADSR envelope...
ed chords, the former of which is one of the hallmark devices of late 14th-century French musical style.
The compositions attributed to Trebor, most of them in the Chantilly Codex, are:
- En seumeillant m’avint une vision
- Se July Cesar, Rolant et roy Artus
- Quant joyne cuer en may est amoureux
- He, tres doulz roussignol joly - accredited to BorletBorletBorlet was a 14th and 15th century composer whose life we know extremely little about. It is thought that his name is an anagram of Trebol, a French composer who served Martin of Aragon in 1409 at the same time as Gacian Reyneau and other composers in the Codex Chantilly.If this Trebol is the same...
- Passerose de beaute
- Helas! pitie envers moy dort si fort