Tribhuvan of Nepal
Encyclopedia
King Tribhuhvan Bir Bikram Shah (त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह), King of Nepal (June 23, 1906 – March 13, 1955) was King of Nepal
from 11 December 1911 until his death (Not considering his exile from 7 November 1950 to 18 February 1951). Born in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, he ascended to the throne at the age of five, upon the death of his father, King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah
, and crowned on 20 February 1913 at the Nasal Chowk, Hanuman Dhoka Palace in Kathmandu, with his mother acting as regent. At the time, however, the position of monarch was mainly titular, with real power in the country residing in the powerful, conservative Rana
family, which supplied the country with its hereditary prime minister.
Tensions between the royal family and the Ranas came to a head during World War I
. The Ranas wanted to join the war in support of Britain
, which controlled India
to the south. The prime minister, HH
Maharaja
Sri
Sri
Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
always had his way with the young king, who eventually ordered the troops to go to war.
By the mid-1930s, popular discontent with the Ranas led to the establishment of several movements, notably the Praja Parishad, to which Tribhuvan himself gave explicit support, to overthrow the Ranas. In each instance, however, the Ranas responded harshly, banning the liberal movements and executing their leadership.
King Tribhuvan worked closely with Praja Parishad to abolish the Rana regime. In November 1950, Tribhuvan went into exile in India
in an attempt to bring down the regime, which had ruled Nepal for 104 years. He was accompanied by his son Mahendra and the eldest grandson Birendra, among others. One of his grandsons Gyanendra was, however, left in Nepal. Ranas responded to Tribhuvan's move by making Gyanendra the king. This led to huge mass demonstrations in the country that compelled the last Rana prime minister Mohan Sumsher to come into negotiations with Tribhuvan and the Nepali Congress. On February 18, 1951, King Tribhuvan returned from India as a monarch. Three days after the return, Tribhuvan formally declared an end to Rana's family rule and established a democratic system, but Mohan Sumsher continued as a prime minister for a few more months.
King Tribhuvan died in 1955 in Zürich
, Switzerland
under mysterious circumstances. He was aged 48. He was succeeded by his eldest legitimate son Mahendra
.
The international airport in Kathmandu, Tribhuvan International Airport
, a city, Tribhuvannagar
in Dang valley, and the country's largest university (Tribhuvan University
) are named after him.
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Nepal
Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...
from 11 December 1911 until his death (Not considering his exile from 7 November 1950 to 18 February 1951). Born in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, he ascended to the throne at the age of five, upon the death of his father, King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah
Prithvi of Nepal
Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah, King of Nepal was King of Nepal from 1881 until 1911. He was the grandson of his predecessor, King Surendra, and also the grandson of Prime Minister Jang Bahadur....
, and crowned on 20 February 1913 at the Nasal Chowk, Hanuman Dhoka Palace in Kathmandu, with his mother acting as regent. At the time, however, the position of monarch was mainly titular, with real power in the country residing in the powerful, conservative Rana
Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty ruled the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1953, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead and making Prime Minister and other government positions hereditary...
family, which supplied the country with its hereditary prime minister.
Tensions between the royal family and the Ranas came to a head during World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. The Ranas wanted to join the war in support of Britain
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, which controlled India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
to the south. The prime minister, HH
HH
- Medicine :* hh antigen system, a rare blood group* Hh, a signalling molecule in Drosophila named for the Hedgehog signaling pathway* Hodgkin–Huxley model- Science and Technology :* Hahnium, a disputed abbreviation for the chemical element name...
Maharaja
Maharaja
Mahārāja is a Sanskrit title for a "great king" or "high king". The female equivalent title Maharani denotes either the wife of a Maharaja or, in states where that was customary, a woman ruling in her own right. The widow of a Maharaja is known as a Rajamata...
Sri
Sri
Sri , also transliterated as Shri or Shree or shre is a word of Sanskrit origin, used in the Indian subcontinent as polite form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." in written and spoken language, or as a title of veneration for deities .-Etymology:Sri has the root meaning of radiance, or...
Sri
Sri
Sri , also transliterated as Shri or Shree or shre is a word of Sanskrit origin, used in the Indian subcontinent as polite form of address equivalent to the English "Mr." in written and spoken language, or as a title of veneration for deities .-Etymology:Sri has the root meaning of radiance, or...
Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Field-Marshal Maharaja Sri Teen Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, , was the fifth Prime Minister of Nepal from the Rana dynasty. He served in this capacity from 27 June 1901, following the deposition of his brother Deva Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, to his death in 1929...
always had his way with the young king, who eventually ordered the troops to go to war.
By the mid-1930s, popular discontent with the Ranas led to the establishment of several movements, notably the Praja Parishad, to which Tribhuvan himself gave explicit support, to overthrow the Ranas. In each instance, however, the Ranas responded harshly, banning the liberal movements and executing their leadership.
King Tribhuvan worked closely with Praja Parishad to abolish the Rana regime. In November 1950, Tribhuvan went into exile in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
in an attempt to bring down the regime, which had ruled Nepal for 104 years. He was accompanied by his son Mahendra and the eldest grandson Birendra, among others. One of his grandsons Gyanendra was, however, left in Nepal. Ranas responded to Tribhuvan's move by making Gyanendra the king. This led to huge mass demonstrations in the country that compelled the last Rana prime minister Mohan Sumsher to come into negotiations with Tribhuvan and the Nepali Congress. On February 18, 1951, King Tribhuvan returned from India as a monarch. Three days after the return, Tribhuvan formally declared an end to Rana's family rule and established a democratic system, but Mohan Sumsher continued as a prime minister for a few more months.
King Tribhuvan died in 1955 in Zürich
Zürich
Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
, Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
under mysterious circumstances. He was aged 48. He was succeeded by his eldest legitimate son Mahendra
Mahendra of Nepal
Possibly no heir for the time period of 1911 through 1920. Previous Crown Prince: Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah, from 1906 to 1911....
.
The international airport in Kathmandu, Tribhuvan International Airport
Tribhuvan International Airport
Tribhuvan International Airport is an international airport situated in Kathmandu, Nepal.Tribhuvan is the sole international airport in Nepal. There are two terminals, one domestic and one international...
, a city, Tribhuvannagar
Tribhuvannagar
Tribhuvan Nagar, renamed as Ghorahi is a municipality of Dang Valley, Dang Deokhuri District of Rapti Zone, southwest Nepal.Tribhuvannagar can be reached by the road that goes 23 kilometers North from Lamahi, a small town on the Mahendra highway....
in Dang valley, and the country's largest university (Tribhuvan University
Tribhuvan University
Tribhuvan University [त्रिभुवन विश्वविध्यालय] is a public university located in Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. Established in 1959, TU is the oldest of the five universities in Nepal...
) are named after him.
Honours
- Grand Cordon of the Order of the Supreme Sun of the Kingdom of AfghanistanKingdom of AfghanistanThe Kingdom of Afghanistan was an Islamic monarchy in south Central Asia established in 1926 as a successor state to the Emirate of Afghanistan, following the ascension to the throne by Amanullah Khan and his proclaming Afghanistan a kingdom in 1926, after 7 years on the throne...
-1950 - Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of ItalyItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
-1954 - Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour of France-1954
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