Trolleybuses in São Paulo
Encyclopedia
Trolleybuses in São Paulo provide a portion of the public transport
service in Greater São Paulo
, in the state of São Paulo
, Brazil
, with two independent trolleybus
systems. The SPTrans
(São Paulo Transporte) system opened in 1949 and serves the city of São Paulo
, while the Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo
(EMTU) system opened in 1988 and serves suburban areas to the southeast of the city proper. Worldwide, São Paulo is one of only two metropolitan areas possessing two independent trolleybus systems as of 2011, the other being Naples, Italy
.
opened on 22 April 1949, the first trolleybus system to open in Brazil. The municipally owned system was operated by the Companhia Municipal de Transportes Coletivos (Municipal Public Transport Authority) (CMTC) until 1994, when it was semi-privatized
, with a new municipal authority, SPTrans, maintaining public ownership of the system but with operation contracted out to private companies through a competitive bidding. At the start of privately run operation, there were three different concessionaires for different parts of the SPTrans, ex-CMTC trolleybus network. The SPTrans network was much larger at that time.
As of 2011, the SPTrans system comprises 13 lines (two of them currently suspended) and is operated with 185 trolleybuses by a concessionaire, Himalaia Transportes S.A. (Consórcio Leste 4). SPTrans owns and maintains the infrastructure, such as overhead wires
, substation
s, passenger terminals and depots/garages
. Himalaia is responsible for purchasing new vehicles, but ownership of vehicles passes to SPTrans eight years from time of purchase. Since 1994, several other private companies have preceded Himalaia as an SPTrans concessionaire for trolleybus service. Himalaia was awarded the concession to operate the service in SPTrans Zone 4 (also known as the Eastern Zone), both trolleybus and motorbus, at the end of 2007.
The EMTU
trolleybus system opened on 3 December 1988, (sometimes given as 19 November 1988, when free public service began operating). It currently has six lines, serving the São Mateus–Jabaquara metropolitan corridor, which links São Paulo with the ABC Region
cities of Diadema
, São Bernardo do Campo
, Santo Andre and Mauá in Greater São Paulo. These lines are also operated by a concessionaire, Metra, under the supervision of EMTU. Metra was awarded the contract in 1997.
The last two of these lines are the ones currently suspended; they are presently being operated by diesel powered buses.
Public transport
Public transport is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, car pooling or hired buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams...
service in Greater São Paulo
Greater São Paulo
The Greater São Paulo is a nonspecific term for one of the multiple definitions the large metropolitan area located in the São Paulo state in Brazil.-Definitions:-Metropolitan Area:...
, in the state of São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. Named after Saint Paul, São Paulo has the largest population, industrial complex, and economic production in the country. It is the richest state in Brazil...
, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, with two independent trolleybus
Trolleybus
A trolleybus is an electric bus that draws its electricity from overhead wires using spring-loaded trolley poles. Two wires and poles are required to complete the electrical circuit...
systems. The SPTrans
SPTrans
The São Paulo Transporte is the name adopted on March 8, 1995 by the municipal local government which aims to manage the public transport system with buses in São Paulo...
(São Paulo Transporte) system opened in 1949 and serves the city of São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, while the Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo
Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo
The Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo, or EMTU, is a company owned by the Secretaria de Estado dos Transportes Metropolitanos...
(EMTU) system opened in 1988 and serves suburban areas to the southeast of the city proper. Worldwide, São Paulo is one of only two metropolitan areas possessing two independent trolleybus systems as of 2011, the other being Naples, Italy
Trolleybuses in Naples
Trolleybuses in Naples provide a portion of the public transport service in the city and comune of Naples, in the region of Campania, southern Italy. Two independent trolleybus systems are in operation, both publicly owned...
.
History
The urban network now owned by SPTransSPTrans
The São Paulo Transporte is the name adopted on March 8, 1995 by the municipal local government which aims to manage the public transport system with buses in São Paulo...
opened on 22 April 1949, the first trolleybus system to open in Brazil. The municipally owned system was operated by the Companhia Municipal de Transportes Coletivos (Municipal Public Transport Authority) (CMTC) until 1994, when it was semi-privatized
Privatization
Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency or public service from the public sector to the private sector or to private non-profit organizations...
, with a new municipal authority, SPTrans, maintaining public ownership of the system but with operation contracted out to private companies through a competitive bidding. At the start of privately run operation, there were three different concessionaires for different parts of the SPTrans, ex-CMTC trolleybus network. The SPTrans network was much larger at that time.
As of 2011, the SPTrans system comprises 13 lines (two of them currently suspended) and is operated with 185 trolleybuses by a concessionaire, Himalaia Transportes S.A. (Consórcio Leste 4). SPTrans owns and maintains the infrastructure, such as overhead wires
Overhead lines
Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains at a distance from the energy supply point...
, substation
Electrical substation
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions...
s, passenger terminals and depots/garages
Bus garage
A bus garage or bus depot is a building where buses are stored and maintained. In many conurbations, bus garages are on the site of former car barns or tram sheds, where Streetcars or Trams were stored, and the operation transferred to buses...
. Himalaia is responsible for purchasing new vehicles, but ownership of vehicles passes to SPTrans eight years from time of purchase. Since 1994, several other private companies have preceded Himalaia as an SPTrans concessionaire for trolleybus service. Himalaia was awarded the concession to operate the service in SPTrans Zone 4 (also known as the Eastern Zone), both trolleybus and motorbus, at the end of 2007.
The EMTU
Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo
The Empresa Metropolitana de Transportes Urbanos de São Paulo, or EMTU, is a company owned by the Secretaria de Estado dos Transportes Metropolitanos...
trolleybus system opened on 3 December 1988, (sometimes given as 19 November 1988, when free public service began operating). It currently has six lines, serving the São Mateus–Jabaquara metropolitan corridor, which links São Paulo with the ABC Region
ABC Region
The term ABC Region is an industrial region in Greater São Paulo, Brazil.The name refers to three smaller cities bordering on São Paulo, capital of the Brazilian state of the same name. Originally, these three cities were Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, and São Caetano do Sul...
cities of Diadema
Diadema, São Paulo
Diadema is a city in São Paulo state, Brazil. The distance from the capital is 17 km . The city has an area of 30.65 square kilometres and a population of 357,064, and is accessed by a transit called EMTU .- History :Since its beginning, Diadema occupation process had one fundamental...
, São Bernardo do Campo
São Bernardo do Campo
São Bernardo do Campo is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, in southern Metropolitan São Paulo and São Paulo microregion. The municipality's total area is 408.45 km ² and a population estimated at 1 July 2009, according to the IBGE, was 810,979 inhabitants, which results in a population...
, Santo Andre and Mauá in Greater São Paulo. These lines are also operated by a concessionaire, Metra, under the supervision of EMTU. Metra was awarded the contract in 1997.
SPTrans lines
| Line | Route |
| 2002/10 | Terminal Parque Dom Pedro II – Terminal Bandeira – Terminal Parque Dom Pedro II (circular) |
| 2100/10 | Terminal Vila Carrão – Praça da Sé – Terminal Vila Carrão (circular) |
| 2290/10 | Terminal São Mateus – Terminal Parque Dom Pedro II |
| 2290/41 | Jardim Vila Formosa – Terminal Princesa Isabel – Jardim Vila Formosa (circular) |
| 2291/10 | Terminal São Mateus – Praça da República– Terminal São Mateus (night circular) |
| 3139/31 | Jardim Vila Formosa – Praça Clóvis Bevilacqua – Jardim Vila Formosa (circular) |
| 3160/10 | Terminal Vila Prudente – Terminal Parque Dom Pedro II |
| 342M/10 | Terminal São Mateus – Terminal Penha |
| 408A/10 | Machado de Assis – Cardoso de Almeida – Machado de Assis (circular) |
| 4112/10 | Santa Margarida Maria – Praça da República – Santa Margarida Maria (circular) |
| 4113/10 | Gentil de Moura – Praça da República – Gentil de Moura (circular) |
| 2101/10 | Praça Sílvio Romero – Praça da Sé |
| 2101/41 | Praça Sílvio Romero – Terminal Vila Prudente |
The last two of these lines are the ones currently suspended; they are presently being operated by diesel powered buses.
SPTrans current fleet
As at 2011, the SPTrans trolleybus fleet was as follows:| Fleet nos | Quant | Coachbuilder/Model | Chassis | Motor/Drive | Power | Config | Year built |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 1485 | 1 | Marcopolo Marcopolo S.A. Marcopolo S.A. is a bus manufacturer founded on August 6, 1949, in the southern Brazilian city of Caxias do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul. The company manufactures the bodies for a whole range of coaches, e.g. microbus, intercity and touring coach... Torino GV |
Scania Scania Scania is the southernmost of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden, constituting a peninsula on the southern tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, and some adjacent islands. The modern administrative subdivision Skåne County is almost, but not totally, congruent with the... S 112 |
(2) BBE UPTO-250/4 / Chopper IGBT Powertronics |
- | Artic | 1985 |
| 4 1486 | 1 | Marcopolo Torino GV | Volvo B58 Volvo B58 The Volvo B58 is a mid-engined bus chassis built by Volvo of Sweden from 1966 until early 1982. It was the forerunner to the highly successful B10M.... |
(2) 2S Gevisa BB-926 / IGBT Chopper Gevisa microprocessor |
- | Artic | 1985 |
| 4 1500, 4 1764 - 4 1773 | 11 | Busscar Busscar Busscar Ônibus S.A. is a Brazilian bus manufacturer that builds coaches, trolleybuses, charter and tour buses. The company is based in Joinville in the south of Brazil, where it has industrial premises that cover 1,000,000 m2, including a building of 84,000 m2.-History:The business has its origins... Urbanuss Pluss |
Busscar (monoblock) | Weg / CFW-09 Frequency Inverter Weg |
300 hp | Convent. | 2007-2009 |
| 4 1502 - 4 1634 | 63 | Marcopolo Torino GV | Scania BR 116 | BBE-UPTO 250 / 4 / Chopper thyristor Tectronic |
- | Convent. | 1979-1982 |
| 4 1650 - 4 1721, 4 1969 - 4 1974 |
35 | Marcopolo Torino GV | Scania BR 116 | BBE-UPTO 250 / 4 / Chopper IGBT Powertronics |
- | Convent. | 1979-1982 |
| 4 1727 - 4 1763 | 37 | Marcopolo Torino GV | Volvo B58 | Gevisa 2T BB-926 / IGBT Chopper Powertronics |
120 hp | Convent. | 1979-1982 |
| 4 1944 - 4 1955, 4 1975 - 4 1999 |
36 | Marcopolo Torino GV | Volvo B58 | Gevisa BB-926 2S / IGBT Chopper Gevisa microprocessor |
134 hp | Convent. | 1997-1998 |
| 4 1901 | 1 | Ibravo Trolleybus | Tutto | Weg Water Cooled / CFW-09 Frequency Inverter Weg |
225 hp | Convent. | 2009 |
EMTU current fleet
As at 2011, the EMTU trolleybus fleet was as follows:| Fleet nos | Quant | Coachbuilder/Model | Chassis | Motor/Drive | Power | Config | Year built |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7047 - 7068 | 22 | Marcopolo Marcopolo S.A. Marcopolo S.A. is a bus manufacturer founded on August 6, 1949, in the southern Brazilian city of Caxias do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul. The company manufactures the bodies for a whole range of coaches, e.g. microbus, intercity and touring coach... Torino G4 |
Volvo B58 Volvo B58 The Volvo B58 is a mid-engined bus chassis built by Volvo of Sweden from 1966 until early 1982. It was the forerunner to the highly successful B10M.... |
Gevisa BB-926 2T/Chopper IGBT Powertronics |
120 hp | Convent. | 1985-1987 |
| 7069 - 7092 | 24 | Marcopolo Torino GV | Scania Scania Scania is the southernmost of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden, constituting a peninsula on the southern tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, and some adjacent islands. The modern administrative subdivision Skåne County is almost, but not totally, congruent with the... BR 116 |
BBE UPTO-250/4/Chopper IGBT Powertronics |
147 hp | Convent. | 1980-1982 |
| 7201 - 7221 | 21 | Busscar Busscar Busscar Ônibus S.A. is a Brazilian bus manufacturer that builds coaches, trolleybuses, charter and tour buses. The company is based in Joinville in the south of Brazil, where it has industrial premises that cover 1,000,000 m2, including a building of 84,000 m2.-History:The business has its origins... Urbanuss Pluss |
HVR | BBE UQTO-250/4 /Chopper IGBT Eletra |
160 hp (nominal) 321 hp (peak) |
Convent. | 2003 |
| 7301 | 1 | Busscar Urbanuss Pluss | Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz is a division of its parent company, Daimler AG... O500U |
Equacional EA1315 / Eletra frequency inverter | 308 hp | Convent. | 2003 |
| 7400 | 1 | Caio Millennium II | Mercedes-Benz O500U | Equacional EA1315 / Eletra frequency inverter | 394 hp | Convent. | 2008 |
| 7401 | 1 | Caio Millennium II | Mercedes-Benz O500U | Weg / CFW-09 Weg frequency inverter |
300 hp | Convent. | 2008 |
| 7402 | 1 | Caio Millennium II | Mercedes-Benz O500U | Weg /Weg frequency inverter | 225 hp (nominal) 442 hp (peak) |
Convent. | 2010 |
| 8101 - 8110 | 10 | Marcopolo Torino GV | Volvo B10M Volvo B10M The Volvo B10M is a popular mid-engined bus and coach chassis built by Volvo between 1978 and 2001. It was built as the successor of the B58 and was equipped with a 9.6-litre horizontally-mounted Volvo THD100/THD101/THD102/THD103/THD104/DH10A diesel engine mounted under the floor, near the middle... |
Toshiba SE 646/Chopper IGBT Powertronics | 241 hp (nominal) 480 hp (peak) |
Artic | 1997 |
| 8150 | 1 | Busscar Urbanuss Pluss | Volvo B10M | Weg / Weg frequency inverter | 268 hp (nominal) 536 cv (peak) |
Convent. | 2001 (converted 2011) |
See also
- List of trolleybus systems in Brazil
- Transport in São PauloTransport in São PauloUrban transportation in São Paulo consists of a complex system with many subsystems. On a daily basis, people from the various municipalities and the metropolitan area of São Paulo travel into the city, so there are transportation needs on a regional and municipal scale...