Tuditanomorpha is a suborder of microsaur lepospondyls. Tuditanomorphs lived from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian and are known from North America

North America

North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

 and Europe

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

. Tuditanomorphs have a similar pattern of bones in the skull roof

Skull roof

The skull roof , or the roofing bones of the skull are a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils in bony fishes and all land living vertebrates. The bones are derived from dermal bone, hence the alternative name dermatocranium...

. Tuditanomorphs display considerable variability, especially in body size, proportions, dentition, and presacral vertebral count. Currently there are seven families

Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of tuditanomorphs, with two being monotypic

Monotypic

In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group with only one biological type. The term's usage differs slightly between botany and zoology. The term monotypic has a separate use in conservation biology, monotypic habitat, regarding species habitat conversion eliminating biodiversity and...

. Tuditanid

Tuditanidae

Tuditanidae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. Fossils have been found from Nova Scotia, Ohio, and the Czech Republic and are Late Carboniferous in age.Tuditanids were medium-sized terrestrial microsaurs that resembled lizards...

s, gymnarthrids

Gymnarthridae

Gymnarthridae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. Gymnarthrids are known from Europe and North America and existed from the Late Carboniferous through the Early Permian. Remains have been found from the Czech Republic, Nova Scotia, Illinois, Texas, and Oklahoma.Gymnarthrids are...

, and pantylids first appear in the Lower Pennsylvanian. Goniorhynchidae, Hapsidopareiontidae

Hapsidopareiontidae

Hapsidopareiontidae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. Hapsidopareiontids are known from the Early Permian of the United States and possibly Germany and the Czech Republic....

, Ostodolepidae

Ostodolepidae

Ostodolepidae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. They are unique among microsaurs in that they were large, reaching lengths of up to , terrestrial, and presumably fossorial. Ostodolepid remains have been found from Early Permian beds in Texas and Oklahoma.Ostodolepids have elongated...

, and Trihecatontidae appear in the Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian.

Classification

Suborder Tuditanomorpha

• Family Goniorhynchidae
  • Rhynchonkos
    Rhynchonkos
    Rhynchonkos is an extinct genus of microsaur. It is the only member of the family Goniorhynchidae. Originally known as Goniorhynchus, it was renamed in 1981. The type and only species is R. stovalli, found from the Early Permian Hennesey Formation in Cleveland County, Oklahoma...
    
    
• Family Gymnarthridae
  Gymnarthridae
  Gymnarthridae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. Gymnarthrids are known from Europe and North America and existed from the Late Carboniferous through the Early Permian. Remains have been found from the Czech Republic, Nova Scotia, Illinois, Texas, and Oklahoma.Gymnarthrids are...
  
  
  • Cardiocephalus
    Cardiocephalus
    Cardiocephalus is an extinct genus of leponspondyl amphibian from the Permian period.-External links:*...
    
    
  • Elfridia
    Elfridia
    Elfridia is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Gymnarthridae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Euryodus
    Euryodus
    Euryodus is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Gymnarthridae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Leiocephalikon
    Leiocephalikon
    Leiocephalikon is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Gymnarthridae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Pariotichus
    Pariotichus
    Pariotichus is an extinct genus of Permian Lepospondyls.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Sparodus
    Sparodus
    Sparodus is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Gymnarthridae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
• Family Hapsidopareiontidae
  Hapsidopareiontidae
  Hapsidopareiontidae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. Hapsidopareiontids are known from the Early Permian of the United States and possibly Germany and the Czech Republic....
  
  
  • Hapsidopareion
    Hapsidopareion
    Hapsidopareion is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Hapsidopareiontidae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Llistrofus
    Llistrofus
    Llistrofus is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Hapsidopareiontidae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Ricnodon
    Ricnodon
    Ricnodon is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Hapsidopareiontidae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Saxonerpeton
    Saxonerpeton
    Saxonerpeton is an extinct genus of microsaur of the family Hapsidopareiontidae. Fossils have been found from Early Permian strata near Dresden, Germany.-External links:* in the Paleobiology Database...
    
    
• Family Ostodolepidae
  Ostodolepidae
  Ostodolepidae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. They are unique among microsaurs in that they were large, reaching lengths of up to , terrestrial, and presumably fossorial. Ostodolepid remains have been found from Early Permian beds in Texas and Oklahoma.Ostodolepids have elongated...
  
  
  • Micraroter
    Micraroter
    Micraroter is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Ostodolepidae....
    
    
  • Nannaroter
    Nannaroter
    Nannaroter is an extinct genus of tuditanomorph microsaur within the family Ostodolepidae. It is known from only the holotype specimen, which was found in the Dolese Brothers Limestone Quarry in Oklahoma. The holotype, a well preserved skull, was found in Early Permian-aged fissure fill deposits in...
    
    
  • Ostodolepis
    Ostodolepis
    Ostodolepis is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Ostodolepidae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Pelodosotis
    Pelodosotis
    Pelodosotis is an extinct lepospondyl amphibian.-References:*Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698...
    
    
• Family Pantylidae
  • Pantylus
    Pantylus
    Pantylus is an extinct lepospondyl amphibian from the Permian period of North America.Pantylus was probably a largely terrestrial animal, judging from its well-built legs. It was about long, and resembled a lizard with a large skull and short limbs. It had numerous blunt teeth, and probably chased...
    
    
  • Trachystegos
    Trachystegos
    Trachystegos is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Pantylidae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
• Family Trihecatontidae
  • Trihecaton
    Trihecaton
    Trihecaton is an extinct genus of microsaur. It is the only member of the family Trihecatontidae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
• Family Tuditanidae
  Tuditanidae
  Tuditanidae is an extinct family of tuditanomorph microsaurs. Fossils have been found from Nova Scotia, Ohio, and the Czech Republic and are Late Carboniferous in age.Tuditanids were medium-sized terrestrial microsaurs that resembled lizards...
  
  
  • Asaphestra
    Asaphestra
    Asaphestra is an extinct genus microsaur within the family Tuditanidae.-References:*...
    
    
  • Boii
    Boii (genus)
    Boii is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Tuditanidae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Crinodon
    Crinodon
    Crinodon is an extinct genus of microsaur within the family Tuditanidae.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    
  • Tuditanus
    Tuditanus
    Tuditanus is an extinct genus of tuditanid microsaur from the Carboniferous.-See also:* Prehistoric amphibian* List of prehistoric amphibians...
    
    

External links

• Tuditanomorpha in the Paleobiology Database
  Paleobiology Database
  ' is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms.-History:The Paleobiology Database was founded in 2000. It has been funded by the National Science Foundation and the Australian Research Council...