Tui Parakeet
Encyclopedia
The Tui Parakeet is a species of bird
in the Psittacidae family, the true parrots
.
It is found in the Amazon Basin
of Brazil
, and Amazonian Peru
and Bolivia
; also a minor range into eastern Ecuador
, and the river border of far south-eastern Colombia
.
It is restricted to várzea
and other wooded habitat
s near water. It is rare or entirely absent away from large river
s.
, a complete white eye ring, and dull yellowish or whitish irises
. The eastern subspecies
, B. s. takatsukasae, has a small yellow post-ocular spot, which the western nominate subspecies
(B. s. sanctithomae) usually lacks.
The Tui Parakeet is found along the Amazon River
in a corridor
from Ilha de Marajó in east. The Amazon river-wildlife corridor is of variable width, the Tui Parakeet generally only occurring in the vicinity of major rivers, and continues upstream to the confluence of the southwest Basin's Purus River. A short north range exists up the confluence of the Rio Negro about 250 km. Peculiarly, it is absent from a small section of the Amazon river immediately east of Manaus
in Brazil; this "hole" in its distribution also forms the border between the western nominate subspecies (Brotogeris s. sanctithomae) and the eastern B. s. takatsukasae.
In the southwest Amazon Basin
, the Tui Parakeet ranges
more widely, it being present in the vicinity of several large rivers such as the Solimões River, Madeira River
, Madre de Dios River
, Purus River, Jurua River, Ucayali River and lowermost Marañón River
. This range includes parts of northern Bolivia, most of the south-western Amazon in Brazil, and all of Amazonian eastern Peru, except the northern regions near the borders with southern Colombia and Ecuador. The exception is the southeast border tongue of Colombia (near Leticia and Puerto Nariño
) that extends south and borders the Amazon River. Here is the only range in Colombia of the Tui Parakeet, as a "restricted-range" species in Colombia, about 150 km.
A small range of the Tui Parakeet goes upriver along the Napo River
in northeastern Ecuador. In the southwest Amazon Basin, its eastern limit is around the Madeira River.
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
in the Psittacidae family, the true parrots
True parrots
The true parrots are about 330 species of bird belonging to the Psittacidae family, one of the two "traditional" families in the biological order Psittaciformes . The other family is the Cacatuidae which are also parrots, but not classified as true parrots...
.
It is found in the Amazon Basin
Amazon Basin
The Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries that drains an area of about , or roughly 40 percent of South America. The basin is located in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela...
of Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, and Amazonian Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
and Bolivia
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
; also a minor range into eastern Ecuador
Ecuador
Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
, and the river border of far south-eastern Colombia
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
.
It is restricted to várzea
Freshwater swamp forest
Freshwater swamp forests, or flooded forests, are forests which are inundated with freshwater, either permanently or seasonally. They normally occur along the lower reaches of rivers and around freshwater lakes...
and other wooded habitat
Habitat
* Habitat , a place where a species lives and grows*Human habitat, a place where humans live, work or play** Space habitat, a space station intended as a permanent settlement...
s near water. It is rare or entirely absent away from large river
River
A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including...
s.
Description
The Tui Parakeet is a fairly small green parrot with slightly darker wings, and a medium to short, rather wedge-shaped tail. It has a yellow forehead-spot, a relatively dark reddish-dusky billBeak
The beak, bill or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds which is used for eating and for grooming, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, courtship and feeding young...
, a complete white eye ring, and dull yellowish or whitish irises
Iris (anatomy)
The iris is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupils and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. "Eye color" is the color of the iris, which can be green, blue, or brown. In some cases it can be hazel , grey, violet, or even pink...
. The eastern subspecies
Subspecies
Subspecies in biological classification, is either a taxonomic rank subordinate to species, ora taxonomic unit in that rank . A subspecies cannot be recognized in isolation: a species will either be recognized as having no subspecies at all or two or more, never just one...
, B. s. takatsukasae, has a small yellow post-ocular spot, which the western nominate subspecies
Subspecies
Subspecies in biological classification, is either a taxonomic rank subordinate to species, ora taxonomic unit in that rank . A subspecies cannot be recognized in isolation: a species will either be recognized as having no subspecies at all or two or more, never just one...
(B. s. sanctithomae) usually lacks.
Taxonomy
This parrot shares the genus Brotogeris with seven other species of parrots, but is closest to the Yellow-chevroned Parakeet (Brotogeris chiriri).Amazon River corridor, and South-West Basin range
Amazon River
The Amazon of South America is the second longest river in the world and by far the largest by waterflow with an average discharge greater than the next seven largest rivers combined...
in a corridor
Wildlife corridor
A wildlife corridor or green corridor is an area of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities . This allows an exchange of individuals between populations, which may help prevent the negative effects of inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity that often occur within...
from Ilha de Marajó in east. The Amazon river-wildlife corridor is of variable width, the Tui Parakeet generally only occurring in the vicinity of major rivers, and continues upstream to the confluence of the southwest Basin's Purus River. A short north range exists up the confluence of the Rio Negro about 250 km. Peculiarly, it is absent from a small section of the Amazon river immediately east of Manaus
Manaus
Manaus is a city in Brazil, the capital of the state of Amazonas. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the most populous city of Amazonas, according to the statistics of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and is a popular ecotourist destination....
in Brazil; this "hole" in its distribution also forms the border between the western nominate subspecies (Brotogeris s. sanctithomae) and the eastern B. s. takatsukasae.
In the southwest Amazon Basin
Amazon Basin
The Amazon Basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries that drains an area of about , or roughly 40 percent of South America. The basin is located in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela...
, the Tui Parakeet ranges
Range (biology)
In biology, the range or distribution of a species is the geographical area within which that species can be found. Within that range, dispersion is variation in local density.The term is often qualified:...
more widely, it being present in the vicinity of several large rivers such as the Solimões River, Madeira River
Madeira River
The Madeira River is a major waterway in South America, approximately 3,250 km miles long The Madeira is the biggest tributary of the Amazon...
, Madre de Dios River
Madre de Dios River
The Madre de Dios River, homonymous to the Peruvian region it runs through, then becomes the Beni River in Bolivia and then turns northward into Brazil, where it is called the Madeira River...
, Purus River, Jurua River, Ucayali River and lowermost Marañón River
Marañón River
The Marañón River rises about 160 km to the northeast of Lima, Peru, flows through a deeply-eroded Andean valley in a northwesterly direction, along the eastern base of the Cordillera of the Andes, as far as 5 degrees 36' southern latitude; then it makes a great bend to the northeast, and...
. This range includes parts of northern Bolivia, most of the south-western Amazon in Brazil, and all of Amazonian eastern Peru, except the northern regions near the borders with southern Colombia and Ecuador. The exception is the southeast border tongue of Colombia (near Leticia and Puerto Nariño
Puerto Nariño
Puerto Nariño is the second municipality of the Amazonas department of Colombia, located on the shore of the Amazon River.It has about 6,000 residents, most of them are indigenous and its specificity is that it is entirely pedestrian, no car or motorcycle being allowed, as an experiment in an...
) that extends south and borders the Amazon River. Here is the only range in Colombia of the Tui Parakeet, as a "restricted-range" species in Colombia, about 150 km.
A small range of the Tui Parakeet goes upriver along the Napo River
Napo River
The Napo is a tributary to the Amazon River that rises in Ecuador on the flanks of the volcanoes of Antisana, Sincholagua and Cotopaxi.The total length of 1075 km. Catchment area of 100,518 square kilometers...
in northeastern Ecuador. In the southwest Amazon Basin, its eastern limit is around the Madeira River.
External links
- Tui Parakeet photo gallery VIREO Photo-High Res
- Stamps (for BrazilBrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
) minor showing of bird Article "Bird Stamps of Brazil" - Photo-Medium Res; Article lib.Montana.edu—"Brotogeris"
