UR-100
Encyclopedia
The UR-100 was an intercontinental ballistic missile
(ICBM) developed and deployed by the Soviet Union
from 1966 to 1996. УР in its designation stands for "универсальная ракета" ("universal rocket"). It was known during the Cold War
by the NATO reporting name
SS-11 Sego and internally by the GRAU
index 8K84.
The similar designation UR-100MR actually refers to an entirely different missile, the MR-UR-100 Sotka (SS-17 Spanker)
in 1966, and by 1972, 990 launchers had been deployed. An additional 420 launchers of newer version missiles were added by 1976. The missile was deployed as a counterpart to the United States
' LGM-30 Minuteman
, and relied on numbers for effectiveness. Original versions were phased out during the 1970s, but 326 of the newer missiles (8K84M, UR-100N, UR-100NUTTH) remained in service by 1991. These were phased out completely by 1996. Strategic Rocket Forces
was the only operator of the UR-100.
Formations included:
In December 2008 Strategic rocket forces had 97 UR-100NUTTH operational missiles.
Intercontinental ballistic missile
An intercontinental ballistic missile is a ballistic missile with a long range typically designed for nuclear weapons delivery...
(ICBM) developed and deployed by the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
from 1966 to 1996. УР in its designation stands for "универсальная ракета" ("universal rocket"). It was known during the Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
by the NATO reporting name
NATO reporting name
NATO reporting names are classified code names for military equipment of the Eastern Bloc...
SS-11 Sego and internally by the GRAU
Grau
Grau is a German word meaning "gray" and a Catalan word meaning "grade". It may refer to:* BAP Almirante Grau , a De Zeven Provinciën class cruiser in service with the Peruvian Navy* Grau Käse, Tyrolean grey cheese...
index 8K84.
The similar designation UR-100MR actually refers to an entirely different missile, the MR-UR-100 Sotka (SS-17 Spanker)
Description
The UR-100 was a two-stage liquid-propellant lightweight ICBM. Initial versions carried a single warhead of 0.5 to 1.1 MT yield, while later versions could carry three or six MIRV warheads. The missile was silo-launched. 15P784 silo design (by KBOM, Design Bureau of Common Machinery, of V.P.Barmin) was greatly simplified in comparison to earlier missiles. Facilities consisted of hardened, un-manned silos controlled by a single central command post. This was the first soviet ICBM (8K84M, entered service on 3 October 1971) equipped with missile defense countermeasure "Palma" by NII-108 of V.Gerasimenko.Variants and developments
- UR-100 with 8K84 missile — original development
- UR-100 with 8K84M missile — improved variant
- UR-100N with 15A30 missile — enlarged UR-100. This variant is the basis of the Rokot space launch system.
- UR-100N UTTH with 15A35 missile — improved UR-100N (The "UTTH" (or "UTTKh") abbreviated suffix is often used in missile names. This means literally "improved tactics and technical charactereistics", RussianRussian languageRussian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
: УТТХ = улучшенные тактико-технические характеристики) - UR-100MR 15P015 with 15A15 missile — just different missile to replace original UR-100
Operational history
: The UR-100 reached initial operational capability with the Strategic Rocket ForcesStrategic Rocket Forces
The Strategic Missile Troops or Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or RVSN RF , transliteration: Raketnye voyska strategicheskogo naznacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, literally Missile Troops of Strategic Designation of the Russian Federation) are a military branch of the Russian...
in 1966, and by 1972, 990 launchers had been deployed. An additional 420 launchers of newer version missiles were added by 1976. The missile was deployed as a counterpart to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
' LGM-30 Minuteman
LGM-30 Minuteman
The LGM-30 Minuteman is a U.S. nuclear missile, a land-based intercontinental ballistic missile . As of 2010, the version LGM-30G Minuteman-III is the only land-based ICBM in service in the United States...
, and relied on numbers for effectiveness. Original versions were phased out during the 1970s, but 326 of the newer missiles (8K84M, UR-100N, UR-100NUTTH) remained in service by 1991. These were phased out completely by 1996. Strategic Rocket Forces
Strategic Rocket Forces
The Strategic Missile Troops or Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or RVSN RF , transliteration: Raketnye voyska strategicheskogo naznacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, literally Missile Troops of Strategic Designation of the Russian Federation) are a military branch of the Russian...
was the only operator of the UR-100.
Formations included:
- 4th Rocket Division (Drovyanaya, Chita Oblast) (53rd Rocket Army)
In December 2008 Strategic rocket forces had 97 UR-100NUTTH operational missiles.