Ulmus 'Fiorente'
Encyclopedia
Ulmus 'Fiorente' is a hybrid cultivar
derived from a crossing of the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila clone S.10 with Ulmus minor C.02 by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante
(IPP), part of the Italian National Research Council
, in Florence
. The cultivar was patented in 2006, and should be in commerce by 2012.
, and of exceptionally rapid growth in a temperate climate. Mean growth during trials in the Northern Apennine
on poor clay soils exceeded 1.0 m in height and 1.5 cm in trunk diameter per annum. The tree's habit is conical, with a pronounced apical dominance. The lateral growth on the current year's growth is very limited; the crown is therefore rather columnar. The alternate leaves are of a moderate size, < 8 cm long × < 5 cm broad. Generally lanceolate
in shape, the leaves are rough on the upper surface and pubescent beneath; they remain green well into the autumn and are shed relatively late. The tree usually commences flowering in its fourth or fifth year, during late February in Italy. The sessile
samara
e are ovate, < 14 mm × 17 mm.
, comparable with ''Lobel' and Plantyn'. 'Fiorente' is also resistant to Elm Yellows
; susceptibility to the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
is much the same as that of the Field Elm Ulmus minor .
timber tree. Introduced to southern England
in 2007 by Butterfly Conservation
, 'Fiorente' has proven intolerant of ponding over winter. The tree is not known to have been introduced to North America
or Australasia
.
Cultivar
A cultivar'Cultivar has two meanings as explained under Formal definition. When used in reference to a taxon, the word does not apply to an individual plant but to all those plants sharing the unique characteristics that define the cultivar. is a plant or group of plants selected for desirable...
derived from a crossing of the Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila clone S.10 with Ulmus minor C.02 by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante
Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante
The Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante , or 'Institute of Plant Protection', is part of the Food Department of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , an Italian government organization with the aim of supporting scientific and technological research...
(IPP), part of the Italian National Research Council
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
The Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche or National Research Council, is an Italian public organization set up to support scientific and technological research. Its headquarters are in Rome.-History:The institution was founded in 1923...
, in Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
. The cultivar was patented in 2006, and should be in commerce by 2012.
Description
'Fiorente' is monopodialMonopodial
Vascular plants with monopodial growth habits grow upward from a single point. They add leaves to the apex each year and the stem grows longer accordingly...
, and of exceptionally rapid growth in a temperate climate. Mean growth during trials in the Northern Apennine
Apennine
-Other places on Earth:*The Apennine or Italian peninsula*Apennins, a department of the first French Empire-Plants and animals:*The Apennine , a modern breed of domestic sheep.*Apennine Shrew, an insectivore endemic to Italy...
on poor clay soils exceeded 1.0 m in height and 1.5 cm in trunk diameter per annum. The tree's habit is conical, with a pronounced apical dominance. The lateral growth on the current year's growth is very limited; the crown is therefore rather columnar. The alternate leaves are of a moderate size, < 8 cm long × < 5 cm broad. Generally lanceolate
Leaf shape
In botany, leaf shape is characterised with the following terms :* Acicular : Slender and pointed, needle-like* Acuminate : Tapering to a long point...
in shape, the leaves are rough on the upper surface and pubescent beneath; they remain green well into the autumn and are shed relatively late. The tree usually commences flowering in its fourth or fifth year, during late February in Italy. The sessile
Sessility (botany)
In botany, sessility is a characteristic of plants whose flowers or leaves are borne directly from the stem or peduncle, and thus lack a petiole or pedicel...
samara
Samara (fruit)
A samara is a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. A samara is a simple dry fruit and indehiscent . It is a winged achene...
e are ovate, < 14 mm × 17 mm.
Pests and diseases
Tested by inoculation, 'Fiorente' revealed a moderate resistance to Dutch Elm DiseaseDutch elm disease
Dutch elm disease is a disease caused by a member of the sac fungi category, affecting elm trees which is spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally introduced into America and Europe, where it has devastated native...
, comparable with ''Lobel' and Plantyn'. 'Fiorente' is also resistant to Elm Yellows
Elm Yellows
Elm Yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts. Elm Yellows, also known as Elm Phloem Necrosis, is very aggressive, with no known cure. Elm Yellows occurs in the Eastern United States and southern Ontario in Canada. It is caused by phytoplasmas which...
; susceptibility to the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola
Xanthogaleruca luteola, commonly known as the Elm Leaf Beetle, is a serious pest of the elm. Indigenous to Europe, it was accidentally introduced to North America. Both the imagines and larvae feed on the emergent leaves of the elm...
is much the same as that of the Field Elm Ulmus minor .
Cultivation
In Italy, the cultivar's rapid growth has bestowed it with an economic importance as a hardwoodHardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees . It may also be used for those trees themselves: these are usually broad-leaved; in temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen.Hardwood contrasts with softwood...
timber tree. Introduced to southern England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
in 2007 by Butterfly Conservation
Butterfly Conservation
Butterfly Conservation is an insect conservation organisation in the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest insect conservation organisations in the world.-History of the Organisation:...
, 'Fiorente' has proven intolerant of ponding over winter. The tree is not known to have been introduced to North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
or Australasia
Australasia
Australasia is a region of Oceania comprising Australia, New Zealand, the island of New Guinea, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term was coined by Charles de Brosses in Histoire des navigations aux terres australes...
.
Europe
- Grange Farm ArboretumGrange Farm ArboretumThe Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam....
, Sutton St. James, SpaldingSpalding, LincolnshireSpalding is a market town with a population of 30,000 on the River Welland in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Little London is a hamlet directly south of Spalding on the B1172 road....
, UK. Acc. no. 693. - Great Fontley Farm, FarehamFarehamThe market town of Fareham lies in the south east of Hampshire, England, between the cities of Southampton and Portsmouth, roughly in the centre of the South Hampshire conurbation.It gives its name to the borough comprising the town and the surrounding area...
, UK, Butterfly ConservationButterfly ConservationButterfly Conservation is an insect conservation organisation in the United Kingdom. It is one of the largest insect conservation organisations in the world.-History of the Organisation:...
Elm Trials plantation, Home Field: J5, L5. - Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghRoyal Botanic Garden EdinburghThe Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is a scientific centre for the study of plants, their diversity and conservation, as well as a popular tourist attraction. Originally founded in 1670 as a physic garden to grow medicinal plants, today it occupies four sites across Scotland — Edinburgh,...
, UK. Acc. no. 20080340 - Sir Harold Hillier GardensSir Harold Hillier GardensThe Sir Harold Hillier Gardens is an arboretum comprising 72 hectares accommodating over 42,000 trees and shrubs in about 12,000 taxa, notably a collection of oaks, camellia, magnolia and rhododendron....
, AmpfieldAmpfieldAmpfield is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Test Valley in Hampshire, England, between Romsey, Eastleigh, and Winchester. It had a population at the 2001 census of 1,474....
, UK. Acc. no. 2008.0367