Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor
Encyclopedia
Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor, or Johor State Constitution (Jawi script: اوندڠ-اوندڠ توبوه نڬري جوهر) was the state constitution
of Johor
. Enforced on 14 April 1895 by Sultan Abu Bakar, the constitution turned Johor as the first state to adopt the constitutional monarchy
system.
The contents of the constitution covers many aspects such as:-
Since 1895, the Johor State Establishment Constitution was revised 4 times:-
against the formation of Malayan Union
. The key factors of their protest were because all Sultans of Malay states would lose their power as the ruler of their respectable states, and the way Sir Harold MacMichael threatened the Sultans for their signatures.
Sultan Ibrahim of Johor himself was encouraged by MacMichael to sign on the treaty, sparking anger among Malays, claiming that signing the Malayan Union treaty violated the Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor which disallowed the Sultan of Johor from performing actions that might threaten the sovereignty
of Johor. As a response of the protest, he hosted the first UMNO's
first general assembly at his palace in Johor Bahru
on May 1946. He also joined the boycott of the installation of Malayan Union's first governor.
Due to the success of the Malayan Union protest by the Malays, rulers of other Malay states began using Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor as a model for their own constitutions in order to protect the sovereignty of Malay states.
Constitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is...
of Johor
Johor
Johor is a Malaysian state, located in the southern portion of Peninsular Malaysia. It is one of the most developed states in Malaysia. The state capital city and royal city of Johor is Johor Bahru, formerly known as Tanjung Puteri...
. Enforced on 14 April 1895 by Sultan Abu Bakar, the constitution turned Johor as the first state to adopt the constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified or blended constitution...
system.
The contents of the constitution covers many aspects such as:-
- The procedures for the selection and coronationCoronationA coronation is a ceremony marking the formal investiture of a monarch and/or their consort with regal power, usually involving the placement of a crown upon their head and the presentation of other items of regalia...
of the Sultan of JohorSultan of JohorSultan of Johor is a hereditary seat and the nominal ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a bendahara...
, as well as the succession procedures - The laws and responsibilities of the State Assembly, Executive Council (Exco) and their members
- Rules regarding to IslamIslamIslam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
as the official religion of Johor - The development of the basics of legal punishments by justice courts
- International deals
Since 1895, the Johor State Establishment Constitution was revised 4 times:-
- First Revision (1 April 1908)
- Second Revision (17 September 1912)
- Third Revision (12 May 1914)
- Fourth Revision (17 July 1918)
Role in Malay nationalism
Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor played a major role for the Malays during their oppositionEarly Malay nationalism
Early Malay nationalism before Malaysian independence did not exist as a united and organised political movement prior to World War II. The concept of ketuanan Melayu was largely irrelevant at the time, as the Chinese and Indians, who formed almost half of the population, did not see themselves as...
against the formation of Malayan Union
Malayan Union
The Malayan Union was a federation of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government so as to simplify administration. The Malayan Union later became the independent...
. The key factors of their protest were because all Sultans of Malay states would lose their power as the ruler of their respectable states, and the way Sir Harold MacMichael threatened the Sultans for their signatures.
Sultan Ibrahim of Johor himself was encouraged by MacMichael to sign on the treaty, sparking anger among Malays, claiming that signing the Malayan Union treaty violated the Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor which disallowed the Sultan of Johor from performing actions that might threaten the sovereignty
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory. It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be provided...
of Johor. As a response of the protest, he hosted the first UMNO's
United Malays National Organisation
The United Malays National Organisation, is Malaysia's largest political party; a founding member of the National Front coalition, which has played a dominant role in Malaysian politics since independence....
first general assembly at his palace in Johor Bahru
Johor Bahru
Johor Bahru is the capital city of Johor in southern Malaysia. Johor Bahru is the southernmost city of the Eurasian mainland...
on May 1946. He also joined the boycott of the installation of Malayan Union's first governor.
Due to the success of the Malayan Union protest by the Malays, rulers of other Malay states began using Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor as a model for their own constitutions in order to protect the sovereignty of Malay states.