United Airlines Flight 2860
Encyclopedia
United Airlines
Flight 2860 was a scheduled cargo flight from San Francisco, California to Chicago
, Illinois, with an intermediate stop in Salt Lake City, Utah. On December 17, 1977, operated by one of the airline's McDonnell Douglas DC-8-54AF Jet Traders, registration N8047U, the flight crashed into a mountain in the Wasatch Range
near Kaysville, Utah. All three crew members, the only occupants of the plane, were killed in the accident. Today, United uses Flight 2860 as a codeshare operated by US Airways
and flying from Chicago-O'Hare to Charlotte, North Carolina.
For the next seven-and-a-half minutes, while in a holding pattern, the flight was absent from the approach control frequency, and entered an area of hazardous terrain. The flight contacted maintenance, and informed they were having electrical trouble, and that several landing gear lights were inoperative. After discussing the problems with maintenance, and deciding to contact the tower to get the emergency equipment ready, they re-established contact with the tower in Salt Lake City. The controller on duty noticed Flight 2860's predicament, but was unable to contact the flight until it re-entered the approach frequency. The controller immediately told Flight 2860 it was close to terrain on its right, and to institute an immediate left turn. Not receiving a response, the controller repeated his instructions, which Flight 2860 responded to. Fifteen seconds later, the same controller told Flight 2860 to climb to 8000 feet. The flight reported it was climbing to 8000 from 6000 feet. Eleven seconds later, the flight crashed into a 7665-foot mountain at 7200 feet.
Witnesses in Kaysville and Fruit Heights saw an airplane flying low overhead. Shortly thereafter, all saw an orange glow to the east, which continued for three to four seconds. All witnesses reported rain in the area, and several reported it as heavy. All three occupants of the flight were killed, and the aircraft was destroyed.
In addition, the flight's cockpit voice recorder
was found to be inoperative, preventing the accident investigation from identifying any contributing factors in the cockpit.
United Airlines
United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees (which includes the entire holding company United Continental...
Flight 2860 was a scheduled cargo flight from San Francisco, California to Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
, Illinois, with an intermediate stop in Salt Lake City, Utah. On December 17, 1977, operated by one of the airline's McDonnell Douglas DC-8-54AF Jet Traders, registration N8047U, the flight crashed into a mountain in the Wasatch Range
Wasatch Range
The Wasatch Range is a mountain range that stretches approximately from the Utah-Idaho border, south through central Utah in the western United States. It is generally considered the western edge of the greater Rocky Mountains, and the eastern edge of the Great Basin region...
near Kaysville, Utah. All three crew members, the only occupants of the plane, were killed in the accident. Today, United uses Flight 2860 as a codeshare operated by US Airways
US Airways
US Airways, Inc. is a major airline based in the U.S. city of Tempe, Arizona. The airline is an operating unit of US Airways Group and is the sixth largest airline by traffic and eighth largest by market value in the country....
and flying from Chicago-O'Hare to Charlotte, North Carolina.
Synopsis
On December 17, 1977, United Airlines Flight 2860 flew from San Francisco, California to Salt Lake City, Utah. The flight departed San Francisco at 0017H. When the flight arrived over Salt Lake City at 0111H, the crew radioed the airport that they were having electrical trouble, and requested holding clearance to give them time to communicate with company maintenance. Clearance was approved, and the flight entered a holding pattern.For the next seven-and-a-half minutes, while in a holding pattern, the flight was absent from the approach control frequency, and entered an area of hazardous terrain. The flight contacted maintenance, and informed they were having electrical trouble, and that several landing gear lights were inoperative. After discussing the problems with maintenance, and deciding to contact the tower to get the emergency equipment ready, they re-established contact with the tower in Salt Lake City. The controller on duty noticed Flight 2860's predicament, but was unable to contact the flight until it re-entered the approach frequency. The controller immediately told Flight 2860 it was close to terrain on its right, and to institute an immediate left turn. Not receiving a response, the controller repeated his instructions, which Flight 2860 responded to. Fifteen seconds later, the same controller told Flight 2860 to climb to 8000 feet. The flight reported it was climbing to 8000 from 6000 feet. Eleven seconds later, the flight crashed into a 7665-foot mountain at 7200 feet.
Witnesses in Kaysville and Fruit Heights saw an airplane flying low overhead. Shortly thereafter, all saw an orange glow to the east, which continued for three to four seconds. All witnesses reported rain in the area, and several reported it as heavy. All three occupants of the flight were killed, and the aircraft was destroyed.
Cause
The NTSB deduced that the cause of the accident was the "controller's issuance and the flight crew's subsequent acceptance of an incomplete and ambiguous holding clearance". The flight crew was cited for their failure to adhere to established lack-of-communication guidelines, and lack of adherence to established holding procedures. The aircraft's electrical problems were cited as a contributing factor.In addition, the flight's cockpit voice recorder
Cockpit voice recorder
A cockpit voice recorder , often referred to as a "black box", is a flight recorder used to record the audio environment in the flight deck of an aircraft for the purpose of investigation of accidents and incidents...
was found to be inoperative, preventing the accident investigation from identifying any contributing factors in the cockpit.