United Nations Security Council Resolution 1202
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1202 was adopted unanimously on October 15, 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696
(1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola
, including Resolution 1196
(1998) on Africa
. The Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) until December 3, 1998.
The Security Council reaffirmed that the Acordos de Paz, Lusaka Protocol
and relevant Security Council resolutions formed the basis of the peace process in Angola. It called on the international community
, especially countries that could have an influence on Jonas Savimbi
, the leader of UNITA
, to persuade the movement to move towards peace and reconstruction of the country.
The resolution reiterated that the primary cause of the political crisis in Angola was the failure of UNITA to comply with its obligations under peace agreements and Security Council resolutions. Furthermore, it demanded that it complete the demilitarisation
of its forces and withdraw from territories it occupied through military means; there could be no military solution to the conflict and both parties were urged to seek a political settlement.
After extending MONUA's mandate
, the Council stated that it could be deployed as needed in accordance with the peace process. UNITA was urged to transform itself into a political party and legal authority and human rights
had to be respected. The Council highlighted the humanitarian situation in the country, particularly the 1.3 million displaced persons and lack of humanitarian access to vulnerable groups.
In recalling that countries had to comply with resolutions 864
(1993), 1127
(1997) and 1173
(1998), the Security Council requested further investigations into reports that Jonas Savimbi had travelled outside Angola (to Uganda
and Togo
) and UNITA forces had received illicit arms transfers and military training in violation of the aforementioned resolutions.
Finally, the Council deplored the fatal crash of a Russia
n passenger jet in Malanje Province and asked Angola to conduct a thorough investigation into the cause of the incident. UNITA was allegedly responsible for shooting down the plane.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1202 was adopted unanimously on October 15, 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696
United Nations Security Council Resolution 696
United Nations Security Council Resolution 696, adopted unanimously on May 30, 1991, after noting the recent desire to sign the Bicesse Accords between the MPLA and UNITA in Angola, the recent withdrawal of all Cuban troops and considering a report by the Secretary-General, the Council approved...
(1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola , is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city...
, including Resolution 1196
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1196
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1196, adopted unanimously on September 16, 1998, after recalling Resolution 1170 on Africa, the Council discussed the importance of strengthening the effectiveness of arms embargoes in place in several countries across the continent.The Security Council...
(1998) on Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
. The Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) until December 3, 1998.
The Security Council reaffirmed that the Acordos de Paz, Lusaka Protocol
Lusaka Protocol
The Lusaka Protocol, signed in Lusaka, Zambia on October 31, 1994, attempted to end the Angolan Civil War by integrating and disarming UNITA and national reconciliation. Both sides signed a ceasefire as part of the protocol on November 20.-Negotiation:...
and relevant Security Council resolutions formed the basis of the peace process in Angola. It called on the international community
International community
The international community is a term used in international relations to refer to all peoples, cultures and governments of the world or to a group of them. The term is used to imply the existence of common duties and obligations between them...
, especially countries that could have an influence on Jonas Savimbi
Jonas Savimbi
Jonas Malheiro Savimbi was an Angolan political leader. He founded and led UNITA, a movement that first waged a guerrilla war against Portuguese colonial rule, 1966–1974, then confronted the rival MPLA during the decolonization conflict, 1974/75, and after independence in 1975 fought the ruling...
, the leader of UNITA
UNITA
The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought with the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola in the Angolan War for Independence and then against the MPLA in the ensuing civil war .The war was one...
, to persuade the movement to move towards peace and reconstruction of the country.
The resolution reiterated that the primary cause of the political crisis in Angola was the failure of UNITA to comply with its obligations under peace agreements and Security Council resolutions. Furthermore, it demanded that it complete the demilitarisation
Demilitarisation
Demilitarisation or demilitarization is the reduction of a nation's army, weapons, or military vehicles to an agreed minimum. Demilitarisation is usually the result of a peace treaty ending a war or a major conflict....
of its forces and withdraw from territories it occupied through military means; there could be no military solution to the conflict and both parties were urged to seek a political settlement.
After extending MONUA's mandate
Mandate (international law)
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization like the United Nations to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization....
, the Council stated that it could be deployed as needed in accordance with the peace process. UNITA was urged to transform itself into a political party and legal authority and human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
had to be respected. The Council highlighted the humanitarian situation in the country, particularly the 1.3 million displaced persons and lack of humanitarian access to vulnerable groups.
In recalling that countries had to comply with resolutions 864
United Nations Security Council Resolution 864
United Nations Security Council Resolution 864, adopted unanimously on September 15, 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 , 747 , 785 , 793 , 804 , 811 , 823 , 834 and 851 , the Council noted the continuing situation in Angola and went on to condemn and place international sanctions on...
(1993), 1127
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1127
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1127, adopted unanimously on August 28, 1997, after reaffirming Resolution 696 and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, imposed sanctions on UNITA following the lack of compliance in...
(1997) and 1173
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1173
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1173, adopted unanimously on June 12, 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly Resolution 1127 , the Council announced its intention to impose further sanctions against UNITA for non-compliance, unless...
(1998), the Security Council requested further investigations into reports that Jonas Savimbi had travelled outside Angola (to Uganda
Uganda
Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is also known as the "Pearl of Africa". It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by...
and Togo
Togo
Togo, officially the Togolese Republic , is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately with a population of approximately...
) and UNITA forces had received illicit arms transfers and military training in violation of the aforementioned resolutions.
Finally, the Council deplored the fatal crash of a Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n passenger jet in Malanje Province and asked Angola to conduct a thorough investigation into the cause of the incident. UNITA was allegedly responsible for shooting down the plane.
See also
- Angolan Civil WarAngolan Civil WarThe Angolan Civil War was a major civil conflict in the Southern African state of Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with some interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. Prior to this, a decolonisation conflict had taken...
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1201 to 1300 (1998 – 2000)
- United Nations Angola Verification Mission IUnited Nations Angola Verification Mission IThe United Nations Angola Verification Mission I was a peacekeeping mission that existed from January 1989 to June 1991 in Angola during the civil war...
- United Nations Angola Verification Mission IIUnited Nations Angola Verification Mission IIThe United Nations Angola Verification Mission II , established May 1991 and lasting until February 1995, was the second United Nations peacekeeping mission, of a total of four, deployed to Angola during the course of the Angolan Civil War, the longest war in modern African history...
- United Nations Angola Verification Mission IIIUnited Nations Angola Verification Mission IIIThe United Nations Angola Verification Mission III is a peacekeeping mission that began operating in Angola in February 1995 during the civil war. It was established by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 976....
External links
- Text of Resolution at UNdemocracy.com