United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1511, adopted unanimously on October 16, 2003, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq
, particularly 1483
(2003) and 1500
(2003), and Resolution 1373
(2001) on terrorism
, the Council urged countries to contribute towards a multinational force to maintain security and called for power to returned to the Iraqi people as soon as possible.
During discussions prior to the adoption of Resolution 1511, Council members were presented with a choice between ending the occupation soon or approving a longer, temporary occupation; they eventually chose the latter option, effectively authorising the international presence in Iraq. The resolution was drafted by the United States
and sponsored by Cameroon
, Spain
and the United Kingdom
.
to determine their own political future and control their own natural resource
s. International support in restoring stability and security was essential for the well-being of the people of Iraq. It welcomed an announcement of the Iraqi Governing Council
to prepare for a conference to draft a constitution
. Meanwhile, bombings against the Jordan
ian and Turkish
embassies, the Imam Ali Mosque
and United Nations headquarters in Baghdad
, the murder of a Spanish
diplomat and the assassination of Aqila al-Hashimi
were condemned as attacks against the future of the country.
, the Council emphasised the temporary nature of the Coalition Provisional Authority
and welcomed the positive response of the international community
to the establishment of the Governing Council. It supported the efforts of the Governing Council to mobilise the Iraqi people and determined that the Council and its ministers are the principle bodies of the Iraqi interim administration that embodied Iraqi sovereignty
. In this regard, the Provisional Authority was asked to return power to the Iraqi people as soon as practicable, while the Governing Council was called upon to provide a timetable for drafting a new constitution and elections
. It reaffirmed the role of the United Nations in the country, through the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq
(UNAMI) and the provision of humanitarian aid
and economic reconstruction, and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
was asked to provide any resources requested by the Governing Council.
Additionally, the resolution authorised the creation of a multinational force to contribute towards the security and stability in Iraq by protecting United Nations, humanitarian and Iraqi infrastructure. International contributions were requested for the international force and the Security Council would review the mission within a year of the adoption of the current resolution, while the United States
, acting on behalf of the force, was directed to report every six months on progress; little oversight of the activities of the force would take place. The Council emphasised the importance of establishing effective Iraqi police and security forces, condemned terrorist attacks in the country and expressed condolences to the families of the victims and the Iraqi people.
The final part of Resolution 1511 appealed to all countries, calling upon them to prevent the transit of terrorists or related funding to Iraq. It required further assistance to the Iraqi people in the reconstruction and development of their economy
and infrastructure. Finally, the Council called for the establishment of the International Advisory and Monitoring Board
, reiterating the need for the Development Fund for Iraq
to be used in a transparent manner.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1511, adopted unanimously on October 16, 2003, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
, particularly 1483
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483, adopted on May 22, 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait, the Council lifted trade sanctions against Iraq and terminated the Oil-for-Food Programme.The resolution was drafted by the United States and...
(2003) and 1500
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1500
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1500, adopted on August 14, 2003, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, particularly Resolution 1483 , the Council established the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq and welcomed the creation of the Iraqi Governing Council.The Security...
(2003), and Resolution 1373
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, adopted unanimously on September 28, 2001, is a counter-terrorism measure passed following the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States...
(2001) on terrorism
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
, the Council urged countries to contribute towards a multinational force to maintain security and called for power to returned to the Iraqi people as soon as possible.
During discussions prior to the adoption of Resolution 1511, Council members were presented with a choice between ending the occupation soon or approving a longer, temporary occupation; they eventually chose the latter option, effectively authorising the international presence in Iraq. The resolution was drafted by the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and sponsored by Cameroon
Cameroon
Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in west Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
and the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
.
Observations
The Security Council reaffirmed the right of the Iraqi peopleIraqi people
The Iraqi people or Mesopotamian people are natives or inhabitants of the country of Iraq, known since antiquity as Mesopotamia , with a large diaspora throughout the Arab World, Europe, the Americas, and...
to determine their own political future and control their own natural resource
Natural resource
Natural resources occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity and geodiversity existent in various ecosystems....
s. International support in restoring stability and security was essential for the well-being of the people of Iraq. It welcomed an announcement of the Iraqi Governing Council
Iraqi Governing Council
The Iraqi Governing Council was the provisional government of Iraq from July 13, 2003 to June 1, 2004. It was established by and served under the United States-led Coalition Provisional Authority...
to prepare for a conference to draft a constitution
Constitution of Iraq
The Constitution of Iraq is Iraq's fundamental law.-History:Iraq's first constitution, which established a constitutional monarchy, entered into force under the auspices of a British military occupation in 1925 and remained in effect until the 1958 revolution established a republic...
. Meanwhile, bombings against the Jordan
Jordan
Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...
ian and Turkish
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
embassies, the Imam Ali Mosque
Imam Ali Mosque
The Imām ‘Alī Holy Shrine , also known as Masjid Ali or the Mosque of ‘Alī, located in Najaf, Iraq, is the third holiest site for some of the estimated 200 million followers of the Shia branch of Islam. ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib, the cousin of Muhammad, the fourth caliph , the first Imam is buried here...
and United Nations headquarters in Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
, the murder of a Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
diplomat and the assassination of Aqila al-Hashimi
Aqila al-Hashimi
Aqila al-Hashimi was an Iraqi politician who served on the Iraqi Governing Council.Aqila al-Hashimi was born in 1953 into a prominent Shi'ite religious family in Najaf...
were condemned as attacks against the future of the country.
Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations CharterChapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
, the Council emphasised the temporary nature of the Coalition Provisional Authority
Coalition Provisional Authority
The Coalition Provisional Authority was established as a transitional government following the invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies, members of the Multi-National Force – Iraq which was formed to oust the government of Saddam Hussein in 2003...
and welcomed the positive response of the international community
International community
The international community is a term used in international relations to refer to all peoples, cultures and governments of the world or to a group of them. The term is used to imply the existence of common duties and obligations between them...
to the establishment of the Governing Council. It supported the efforts of the Governing Council to mobilise the Iraqi people and determined that the Council and its ministers are the principle bodies of the Iraqi interim administration that embodied Iraqi sovereignty
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory. It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be provided...
. In this regard, the Provisional Authority was asked to return power to the Iraqi people as soon as practicable, while the Governing Council was called upon to provide a timetable for drafting a new constitution and elections
Elections in Iraq
Elections in Iraq gives information on election and election results in Iraq.-History:Under the Iraqi constitution of 1925, Iraq was a constitutional monarchy, with a bicameral legislature consisting of an elected House of Representatives and an appointed Senate. The lower house was elected every...
. It reaffirmed the role of the United Nations in the country, through the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq
United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq
The United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq is an entity that was formed by the United Nations in Security Council Resolution 1500 on 14 August 2003.-Mandate:...
(UNAMI) and the provision of humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises including natural disaster and man-made disaster. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity...
and economic reconstruction, and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the UN from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006...
was asked to provide any resources requested by the Governing Council.
Additionally, the resolution authorised the creation of a multinational force to contribute towards the security and stability in Iraq by protecting United Nations, humanitarian and Iraqi infrastructure. International contributions were requested for the international force and the Security Council would review the mission within a year of the adoption of the current resolution, while the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, acting on behalf of the force, was directed to report every six months on progress; little oversight of the activities of the force would take place. The Council emphasised the importance of establishing effective Iraqi police and security forces, condemned terrorist attacks in the country and expressed condolences to the families of the victims and the Iraqi people.
The final part of Resolution 1511 appealed to all countries, calling upon them to prevent the transit of terrorists or related funding to Iraq. It required further assistance to the Iraqi people in the reconstruction and development of their economy
Economy of Iraq
Iraq's economy is dominated by the petroleum sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s, financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran led the government to implement...
and infrastructure. Finally, the Council called for the establishment of the International Advisory and Monitoring Board
International Advisory and Monitoring Board
The International Advisory and Monitoring Board was appointed to oversee the Coalition Provisional Authority's disbursements from the humanitarian Development Fund for Iraq. When the CPA was authorized to manage the DFI by United Nations resolution 1483....
, reiterating the need for the Development Fund for Iraq
Development Fund for Iraq
In May 2003, following the invasion of Iraq in March of that year, the Central Bank of Iraq-Development Fund for Iraq account was created at the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of New York at the request of the Coalition Provisional Authority Administrator...
to be used in a transparent manner.
See also
- Iraq War
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1501 to 1600 (2003 – 2005)