United States-Korea Treaty of 1882
Encyclopedia
A Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation was negotiated between representatives of the United States
and Korea
in 1882.
The final draft was accepted at Chemulpo near the Korean capital of Hanseong
(Seoul
) in April and May 1884.
Negotiations with China were a significant feature of the process which resulted in this treaty.
The treaty remained in effect until the annexation of Korea
in 1910.
The treaty remained in effect even after the protectorate was established
in 1905.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and Korea
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon , was a Korean state founded by Taejo Yi Seong-gye that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo at what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul...
in 1882.
The final draft was accepted at Chemulpo near the Korean capital of Hanseong
Seoul
Seoul , officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world...
(Seoul
Seoul
Seoul , officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world...
) in April and May 1884.
Background
In 1876, Korea established a trade treaty with Japan after Japanese ships approached Ganghwado and threatened to fire on the Korean capital city. Treaty negotiations with the Americans and with several European countries were made possible by the completion of this initial Japanese overture.Negotiations with China were a significant feature of the process which resulted in this treaty.
Treaty provisions
The United States and Korea negotiated and approved a 14 article treaty. The treaty established mutual friendship and mutual assistance in case of attack; and the treaty also addressed such specific matters as extraterritorial rights for American citizens in Korea and most favored nation trade status.Abstract
The treaty encompasses a range of subjects.- Article 1 provides:
- Article 2 ... exchange of diplomatic and consular representatives
- Article 3 ... United States vessels wrecked on coast of Korea
- Article 4 ... United States exterritorial jurisdiction over its citizens in Corea
- Article 5 ... merchants and merchant vessels shall reciprocally pay duties
- Article 6 ... reciprocal rights of residence and protection of citizens of both nations
- Article 7 ... prohibiting export or import of opium
- Article 8 ... red ginseng
- Article 9 ... regulating importation of arms and ammunition
- Article 10 .. reciprocal rights to employing native labor
- Article 11 .. students exchanges
- Article 14 .. the usual "most-favored-nation" clause
The treaty remained in effect until the annexation of Korea
Korea under Japanese rule
Korea was under Japanese rule as part of Japan's 35-year imperialist expansion . Japanese rule ended in 1945 shortly after the Japanese defeat in World War II....
in 1910.
Aftermath
The US treaty established a template which was explicitly modelled in treaties with other Western nations — Germany in 1883, Russia and Italy in 1884, France in 1886, and others as well.The treaty remained in effect even after the protectorate was established
Korea under Japanese rule
Korea was under Japanese rule as part of Japan's 35-year imperialist expansion . Japanese rule ended in 1945 shortly after the Japanese defeat in World War II....
in 1905.
See also
- Unequal treatiesUnequal Treaties“Unequal treaty” is a term used in specific reference to a number of treaties imposed by Western powers, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, on Qing Dynasty China and late Tokugawa Japan...
- United States expedition to Korea
- List of Ambassadors from the United States to South Korea
Further reading
- Arrighi, Giovanni; Hamashita, Takeshi and Selden, Mark. (2003). The Resurgence of East Asia: 500, 150 and 50 year Perspectives. London" Routledge. 10-ISABN 0415316367/13-ISBN 9780415316361; 10-ISBN 0415316375/13-ISBN 9780415316378; 10-ISBN 0203574168/13-ISBN 9780203574164; OCLC 51020404
- Walter, Gary D. "The Korean Special Mission to the United States of America in 1883," Journal of Korean Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, July–December 1969, pp. 89–142.