United States Ambassador to Tanzania
Encyclopedia
The country that is now Tanzania
comprises the former countries of Tanganyika
and Zanzibar
. Tanganyika
achieved independence from the United Kingdom in December 1961.
The United States immediately recognized
the new nation and moved to establish diplomatic relations
. An embassy in Dar es Salaam
was established on December 9, 1961—independence day for Tanganyika. William R. Duggan was appointed as chargé d'affaires
ad interim
pending the appointment of an ambassador
. The first ambassador, William Leonhart was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary on August 22, 1962, and presented his credentials
to the government on October 3, 1962.
Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom on December 19, 1963, as a constitutional monarchy under the sultan
. The U.S. established an embassy in Zanzibar on December 10, 1963, with Frederick P. Picard III as chargé d'affaires ad interim.
On April 26, 1964, Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The country was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania
on October 29, 1964.
An ambassador to Zanzibar had not yet been appointed when that country was united with the Tanganyika. Frank C. Carlucci III was serving as chargé d'affaires ad interim in Zanzibar when the embassy was downgraded to a U.S. consulate on June 27, 1964. Ambassador Leonhart in Dar es Salaam continued to serve as the ambassador to Tanzania.
Tanzania
The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
comprises the former countries of Tanganyika
Tanganyika
Tanganyika , later formally the Republic of Tanganyika, was a sovereign state in East Africa from 1961 to 1964. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika...
and Zanzibar
Zanzibar
Zanzibar ,Persian: زنگبار, from suffix bār: "coast" and Zangi: "bruin" ; is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja , and Pemba...
. Tanganyika
Tanganyika
Tanganyika , later formally the Republic of Tanganyika, was a sovereign state in East Africa from 1961 to 1964. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Malawi and Lake Tanganyika...
achieved independence from the United Kingdom in December 1961.
The United States immediately recognized
Diplomatic recognition
Diplomatic recognition in international law is a unilateral political act with domestic and international legal consequences, whereby a state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in control of a state...
the new nation and moved to establish diplomatic relations
Diplomacy
Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states...
. An embassy in Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam , formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. It is also the country's richest city and a regionally important economic centre. Dar es Salaam is actually an administrative province within Tanzania, and consists of three local government areas or administrative districts: ...
was established on December 9, 1961—independence day for Tanganyika. William R. Duggan was appointed as chargé d'affaires
Chargé d'affaires
In diplomacy, chargé d’affaires , often shortened to simply chargé, is the title of two classes of diplomatic agents who head a diplomatic mission, either on a temporary basis or when no more senior diplomat has been accredited.-Chargés d’affaires:Chargés d’affaires , who were...
ad interim
Ad interim
The Latin phrase ad interim literally means "in the time between" denotes the meaning of "in the meantime", "for an intervening time" or "temporarily" in the English language...
pending the appointment of an ambassador
Ambassador
An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
. The first ambassador, William Leonhart was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary on August 22, 1962, and presented his credentials
Letter of Credence
A letter of credence is a formal letter usually sent by one head of state to another that formally grants diplomatic accreditation to a named individual to be their ambassador in the country of the head of state receiving the letter...
to the government on October 3, 1962.
Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom on December 19, 1963, as a constitutional monarchy under the sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
. The U.S. established an embassy in Zanzibar on December 10, 1963, with Frederick P. Picard III as chargé d'affaires ad interim.
On April 26, 1964, Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The country was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania
Tanzania
The United Republic of Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.Tanzania is a state...
on October 29, 1964.
An ambassador to Zanzibar had not yet been appointed when that country was united with the Tanganyika. Frank C. Carlucci III was serving as chargé d'affaires ad interim in Zanzibar when the embassy was downgraded to a U.S. consulate on June 27, 1964. Ambassador Leonhart in Dar es Salaam continued to serve as the ambassador to Tanzania.
Ambassadors
- William Leonhart – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: August 22, 1962
- Presented credentials: October 3, 1962
- Terminated mission: Left post December 22, 1965
- John H. Burns – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: September 24, 1965
- Presented credentials: January 3, 1966
- Terminated mission: Left post June 22, 1969
- Claude G. Ross – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: October 9, 1969
- Presented credentials: December 27, 1969
- Terminated mission: Left post June 25, 1972
- W. Beverly Carter, Jr.W. Beverly Carter, Jr.W. Beverly Carter, Jr., aka Carter, William Beverly, Jr., was a US Ambassador to Tanzania and Liberia.- Biography :Carter, William Beverly, Jr. of Pennsylvania. Born in 1921 and died in 1982. He was 6 feet 7 inches tall....
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: June 27, 1972
- Presented credentials: July 24, 1972
- Terminated mission: Left post October 14, 1975
- James W. SpainJames W. SpainJames W. Spain was in the US Foreign Service with postings in Karachi, Islamabad, Istanbul, Ankara, Dar Es Salaam, and Colombo and four ambassadorships in Tanzania, Turkey, the United Nations , and Sri Lanka.His son is Patrick Spain, founder of Hoover's and HighBeam Research.-Biography:Ambassador...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: November 20, 1975
- Presented credentials: January 8, 1976
- Terminated mission: Left post August 21, 1979
- Richard Noyes VietsRichard Noyes VietsRichard Noyes Viets represented the United States as Ambassador to Tanzania in 1979, Jordan in 1981, and Jordan in 1997.-External links:**...
– Career FSO- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: September 28, 1979
- Presented credentials: October 18, 1979
- Terminated mission: Left post May 16, 1981
- David Charles Miller, Jr. – Political appointee
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: October 26, 1981
- Presented credentials: November 4, 1981
- Terminated mission: Left post February 28, 1984
- John William Shirley – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: June 28, 1984
- Presented credentials: July 28, 1984
- Terminated mission: Left post July 18, 1986
- Donald K. Petterson – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: October 16, 1986
- Presented credentials: December 8, 1986
- Terminated mission: Left post December 26, 1989
- Edmund DeJarnette, Jr. – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: November 21, 1989
- Presented credentials: February 26, 1990
- Terminated mission: Left post September 12, 1992
- Peter Jon de Vos – Career FSO
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: June 15, 1992
- Presented credentials: January 8, 1993
- Terminated mission: Left post June 3, 1994
- Brady Anderson – Political appointee
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: August 26, 1994
- Presented credentials: September 13, 1994
- Terminated mission: Left post October 7, 1997
- Charles Richard StithCharles Richard StithCharles Stith is an African-American educator, author and politician. He established and currently directs Boston University's African Presidential Archives and Research Center. He is a former United States Ambassador to Tanzania He has written a variety of newspaper articles and wrote a book,...
– Political appointee- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: June 29, 1998
- Presented credentials: September 17, 1998
- Terminated mission: Left post January 20, 2001
- Robert V. Royall – Political appointee
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: November 5, 2001
- Presented credentials: December 19, 2001
- Terminated mission: November 21, 2003
- Note: The post was vacant from November 2003 until August 2005. Michael S. Owen served as chargé d'affaires ad interim during that time.
- Michael RetzerMichael RetzerMichael Retzer is an American Republican politician who was United States Ambassador to Tanzania from 2005–2007.-Before becoming ambassador:...
– Political appointee- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: August 24, 2005
- Presented credentials: March 9, 2005
- Terminated mission: Left post Aug 31, 2007
- Mark Green – Political appointee
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: August 23, 2007
- Presented credentials: September 13, 2007
- Terminated mission: Left post January 20, 2009
- Alfonso E. Lenhardt – Political appointee
- Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- Appointed: November 12, 2009
- Presented credentials: November 12, 2009
- Terminated mission: Incumbent
See also
- Tanzania – United States relations
- Foreign relations of TanzaniaForeign relations of TanzaniaTanzania's first president, Julius Nyerere also was one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement, and, during the Cold War era, Tanzania played an important role in regional and international organizations, such as the Non-Aligned Movement, the front-line states, the G-77, and the...
- Ambassadors of the United States