Unterreichenbach
Encyclopedia
Unterreichenbach is a town in the district of Calw
in the northern Black Forest
in Baden-Württemberg
in Germany
.
and Pforzheim
, at an altitude of between 292 und 633 metres.
. The first preserved mention of Kapfenhardt, today part of Unterreichenbach, dates to 1260, and it had passed to Württemberg in the early 14th century.
Unterreichenbach became an important centre of timber rafting
on the Enz
, Nagold and Würm
after the Pforzheim rafting colony of Au burnt down in the 14th century and many families moved to Unterreichenbach. Felled trees floated down from the Kohler Valley upstream of Calw were reassembled while the men overnighted in inns at the mills in Kapfenhardt and then floated them on, usually to Bietigheim
or Heidelberg
but sometimes as far as Rotterdam
, before returning overland with their pay. The rafting era came to an end in the early 20th century, replaced by the railways. The community has a museum and a monument to the industry.
Beginning in the 14th century, the area was an increasingly popular spa
, but this ended with a mid-19th-century avalanche which shut off the Gutenbrunnen hot spring. However, the area continued to attract tourists, and the mill inns had developed into internationally famous hotels by the Second World War.
in 1527. The Reformation
reached it in 1596, since when it has been primarily Protestant.
, which runs from Pforzheim to Horb am Neckar
.
Calw (district)
Calw is a district in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Karlsruhe, Enz, the district-free city Pforzheim, Böblingen, Freudenstadt and Rastatt.- History :...
in the northern Black Forest
Black Forest
The Black Forest is a wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. The highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres ....
in Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...
in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
.
Geography
Unterreichenbach is in the Nagold River Valley between CalwCalw
Calw is a municipality in the middle of Baden-Württemberg in the south of Germany, capital of the district Calw. It is located in the northern Black Forest.-History:...
and Pforzheim
Pforzheim
Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119,000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany at the gate to the Black Forest. It is world-famous for its jewelry and watch-making industry. Until 1565 it was the home to the Margraves of Baden. Because of that it gained the nickname...
, at an altitude of between 292 und 633 metres.
Subdivisions
Unterreichenbach includes the settlement of Dennjächt as well as Kapfenhardt, which until 1971 was a distinct locality comprising the village of Kapfenhardt and the hamlet of Obere Mühle around the upper mill, which has been in operation since the 14th century. Jagdhütte was delisted as a hamlet in 1971.History
The first preserved mention of Unterreichenbach dates to 1375, but there is evidence of a church as early as 1250, and there may have been a settlement as early as 800. The locality was formerly a possession of the Counts of Calw, but in 1603 passed to WürttembergWürttemberg
Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia....
. The first preserved mention of Kapfenhardt, today part of Unterreichenbach, dates to 1260, and it had passed to Württemberg in the early 14th century.
Unterreichenbach became an important centre of timber rafting
Timber rafting
Timber rafting is a log transportation method in which logs are tied together into rafts and drifted or pulled across a water body or down a flatter river. It is arguably the second cheapest method of transportation of timber, next after log driving...
on the Enz
Enz
The Enz is a left tributary of the Neckar in Baden-Württemberg.It is 112 km long.Its headstreams – the Little Enz and the Big Enz – rise in the northern Black Forest, the latter at Enzklösterle. In Calmbach , the Little Enz and the Big Enz join to form the Enz. The river passes through...
, Nagold and Würm
Würm
The Würm is a river in Bavaria, Germany, right tributary of the Amper. It drains the overflow from Lake Starnberg and flows swiftly through the villages of Gauting, Krailling, Planegg, Gräfelfing and Lochham as well as part of Munich before joining, near Dachau, the Amper, which soon afterwards...
after the Pforzheim rafting colony of Au burnt down in the 14th century and many families moved to Unterreichenbach. Felled trees floated down from the Kohler Valley upstream of Calw were reassembled while the men overnighted in inns at the mills in Kapfenhardt and then floated them on, usually to Bietigheim
Bietigheim (Baden)
Bietigheim is a village in the district of Rastatt in Baden-Württemberg in Southwestern Germany.-Neighbour towns and villages:Bietigheim borders on the following towns, clockwise beginning from the north:...
or Heidelberg
Heidelberg
-Early history:Between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago, "Heidelberg Man" died at nearby Mauer. His jaw bone was discovered in 1907; with scientific dating, his remains were determined to be the earliest evidence of human life in Europe. In the 5th century BC, a Celtic fortress of refuge and place of...
but sometimes as far as Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam on the Rotte river, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre...
, before returning overland with their pay. The rafting era came to an end in the early 20th century, replaced by the railways. The community has a museum and a monument to the industry.
Beginning in the 14th century, the area was an increasingly popular spa
Spa
The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known as balneotherapy. Spa towns or spa resorts typically offer various health treatments. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes back to prehistoric times. Such practices have been popular worldwide, but are...
, but this ended with a mid-19th-century avalanche which shut off the Gutenbrunnen hot spring. However, the area continued to attract tourists, and the mill inns had developed into internationally famous hotels by the Second World War.
Religion
Reichenbach became a parishParish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
in 1527. The Reformation
Reformation
- Movements :* Protestant Reformation, an attempt by Martin Luther to reform the Roman Catholic Church that resulted in a schism, and grew into a wider movement...
reached it in 1596, since when it has been primarily Protestant.
Incorporations
- 1924: Dennjächt
- 1 June 1972: Kapfenhardt
Transport
Unterreichenbach is served by the Nagold Valley RailwayNagold Valley Railway
The Nagold Valley Railway is a railway line in the northern part of the Black Forest in Germany which links Pforzheim with Horb am Neckar and, for most of its route, follows the valley of the River Nagold....
, which runs from Pforzheim to Horb am Neckar
Horb am Neckar
Horb am Neckar is a town in the southwest of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river, between Offenburg to the west and Tübingen to the east . It has around 25,000 inhabitants, of whom about 6,000 live in the main town of Horb, and the remainder in 18 associated...
.