Ussuri River
Encyclopedia
The Usuri ula is a river
in the south of the Outer Manchuria
(Russian Far East
) and east of Inner Manchuria (Northeast China
). It rises in the Sikhote-Alin
range, flowing north, forming part of the Sino
-Russia
n border based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking
in 1860, until it joins the Amur River at Khabarovsk
(48°26′N 134°59′E). It is approximately 897 km (557.4 mi) in length. The area
of the Usuri basin
is 193,000 km² (74,516 mi²). Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30-35%) and subterranean springs
. Average discharge is 1,150 m³/s, elevation - 1,682 m. The Usuri River is known for its catastrophic flood
s. It freezes up in November and stays under the ice until April. The river teems with different kinds of fish
: grayling
, sturgeon
, humpback salmon (gorbusha), chum salmon
(keta) and others.
In World War II
the river was one of the regions where Soviet forces crossed into Manchuria in Operation August Storm
in 1945.
The Sino-Soviet border conflict
of 1969 took place at the Soviet's island Damansky on the Usuri River.
Also, the Usuri is a tributary of the Amur River.
Major tributaries of the Usuri River are:
River
A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including...
in the south of the Outer Manchuria
Outer Manchuria
Outer Manchuria , is the territory ceded by China to Russia in the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Treaty of Peking in 1860. . The northern part of the area was also in dispute between 1643 and 1689...
(Russian Far East
Russian Far East
Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...
) and east of Inner Manchuria (Northeast China
Northeast China
Northeast China, historically known in English as Manchuria, is a geographical region of China, consisting of the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. The region is sometimes called the Three Northeast Provinces...
). It rises in the Sikhote-Alin
Sikhote-Alin
The Sikhote-Alin is a mountain range in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais, Russia, extending about 900 km to the northeast of the Russian Pacific seaport of Vladivostok...
range, flowing north, forming part of the Sino
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
-Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n border based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking
Convention of Peking
The Convention of Peking or the First Convention of Peking is the name used for three different unequal treaties, which were concluded between Qing China and the United Kingdom, France, and Russia.-Background:...
in 1860, until it joins the Amur River at Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located some from the Chinese border. It is the second largest city in the Russian Far East, after Vladivostok. The city became the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia...
(48°26′N 134°59′E). It is approximately 897 km (557.4 mi) in length. The area
Area
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
of the Usuri basin
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
is 193,000 km² (74,516 mi²). Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30-35%) and subterranean springs
Spring (hydrosphere)
A spring—also known as a rising or resurgence—is a component of the hydrosphere. Specifically, it is any natural situation where water flows to the surface of the earth from underground...
. Average discharge is 1,150 m³/s, elevation - 1,682 m. The Usuri River is known for its catastrophic flood
Flood
A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land. The EU Floods directive defines a flood as a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water...
s. It freezes up in November and stays under the ice until April. The river teems with different kinds of fish
Fish
Fish are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups...
: grayling
Grayling (genus)
Thymallus is a genus of freshwater fish in the salmon family of order Salmoniformes; it is the only genus of subfamily Thymallinae. The type species is T. thymallus, the grayling. The genus's five distinct species are generically called graylings, but without qualification this also refers...
, sturgeon
Sturgeon
Sturgeon is the common name used for some 26 species of fish in the family Acipenseridae, including the genera Acipenser, Huso, Scaphirhynchus and Pseudoscaphirhynchus. The term includes over 20 species commonly referred to as sturgeon and several closely related species that have distinct common...
, humpback salmon (gorbusha), chum salmon
Chum salmon
The chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, is a species of anadromous fish in the salmon family. It is a Pacific salmon, and may also be known as dog salmon or Keta salmon, and is often marketed under the name Silverbrite salmon...
(keta) and others.
In World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the river was one of the regions where Soviet forces crossed into Manchuria in Operation August Storm
Operation August Storm
The Soviet invasion of Manchuria or, as the Soviets named it, the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation , began on August 9, 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and was the largest campaign of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War. The Soviets conquered Manchukuo,...
in 1945.
The Sino-Soviet border conflict
Sino-Soviet border conflict
The Sino–Soviet border conflict was a seven-month military conflict between the Soviet Union and China at the height of the Sino–Soviet split in 1969. The most serious of these border clashes occurred in March 1969 in the vicinity of Zhenbao Island on the Ussuri River, also known as Damanskii...
of 1969 took place at the Soviet's island Damansky on the Usuri River.
Also, the Usuri is a tributary of the Amur River.
Major tributaries of the Usuri River are:
- Muling RiverMuling RiverMuling or Muren is a river in Northeast China, a left tributary of Ussuri River.Its length is 577 km long, basin area is approximately 18,500 km². Jixi and Hulin are located on Muling River....
(left) - Naoli RiverNaoli RiverNaoli is a river in Northeast China, a tributary of Ussuri River.Its length is 596 km. It is the longest left tributary of Ussuri. The river flows on territory of Heilongjiang Province....
(left) - Songacha RiverSongacha RiverThe Songacha or Sungacha River is a river marking part of the border between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. It is a tributary of the Ussuri River, and the only outflow of Khanka Lake....
(left) - Arsenyevka RiverArsenyevka RiverArsenyevka River is a left tributary of Ussuri River in Anuchinsky and Yakovlevsky Districts, Primorsky Krai.The length of river is approximately 294 km, and basin area is 7,060 km². It rises on western slope of Sikhote-Alin....
(left) - Bikin RiverBikin RiverBikin is a river in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Ussuri River, and is 560 km long, with a drainage basin of 22 300 km².Main tributaries are the Alchan, Bachelaza and Zeva Rivers....
(right) - Khor RiverKhor RiverKhor River is a river in Khabarovsk Krai. It's a right tributary of Ussuri River.It rises on western slope of Northern Sikhote-Alin. Khor River is 453 km long, with a drainage basin of 24 700 km². An urban-type settlement Khor, Khabarovsk Krai is located on river's bank near the mouth....
(right) - Bolshaya Ussurka RiverBolshaya Ussurka RiverBolshaya Ussurka River is a river on Russian Far East in Primorsky Krai, a right tributary of Ussuri River....
(right)
External links
- article containing a detail map
- http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80349e/80349E10.GIF