Vanadium bromoperoxidase
Encyclopedia
Vanadium bromoperoxidase is a haloperoxidase
, used to synthesize halogenated organic compounds associated with defense and pigmentation in seaweeds and marine algae. It is the source of the bulk of organobromine compounds in the ocean. This enzyme class is unusual in that it has an absolute requirement for the transition metal vanadium
, which is present as vanadate
.
Vanadium bromoperoxidases have been found in bacteria, fungi, and marine macroalgae (seaweeds) which produce brominated compounds. It has not been definitively identified as the bromoperoxidase of higher eukaryotes, such as Murex
snails, which have a very stable and specific bromoperoxidase, but perhaps not a vanadium dependent one.
The enzymes catalyses the oxidation of bromide
ions by hydrogen peroxide
, which results in the specific bromination of certain eletrophilic organic substrates. The enzyme will form singlet oxygen in the absence of the appropriate organic substrates.
Haloperoxidase
Haloperoxidases are peroxidases that are able to mediate the oxidation of halides by hydrogen peroxide. Both halides and hydrogen peroxide are widely available in the environment....
, used to synthesize halogenated organic compounds associated with defense and pigmentation in seaweeds and marine algae. It is the source of the bulk of organobromine compounds in the ocean. This enzyme class is unusual in that it has an absolute requirement for the transition metal vanadium
Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery gray, ductile and malleable transition metal. The formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the metal against oxidation. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature...
, which is present as vanadate
Vanadate
In chemistry, a vanadate is a compound containing an oxoanion of vanadium generally in its highest oxidation state of +5. The simplest vanadate ion is the tetrahedral, orthovanadate, VO43− anion, which is present in e.g. sodium orthovanadate and in solutions of V2O5 in strong base...
.
Vanadium bromoperoxidases have been found in bacteria, fungi, and marine macroalgae (seaweeds) which produce brominated compounds. It has not been definitively identified as the bromoperoxidase of higher eukaryotes, such as Murex
Murex
Murex is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, commonly calle "murexes" or "rock snails"...
snails, which have a very stable and specific bromoperoxidase, but perhaps not a vanadium dependent one.
The enzymes catalyses the oxidation of bromide
Bromide
A bromide is a chemical compound containing bromide ion, that is bromine atom with effective charge of −1. The class name can include ionic compounds such as caesium bromide or covalent compounds such as sulfur dibromide.-Natural occurrence:...
ions by hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest peroxide and an oxidizer. Hydrogen peroxide is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water. In dilute solution, it appears colorless. With its oxidizing properties, hydrogen peroxide is often used as a bleach or cleaning agent...
, which results in the specific bromination of certain eletrophilic organic substrates. The enzyme will form singlet oxygen in the absence of the appropriate organic substrates.