Venceremos Organization
Encyclopedia
Venceremos, Spanish for "We Will Overcome", or "We Will Prevail", was a radical left
political group which took its name from the battle cry of Ernesto "Che" Guevara, a revolutionary communist leader from Argentina
and high ranking member of Fidel Castro's
communist government in Cuba
.
Venceremos began as a Chicano
political organization in Redwood City, California in early 1969. An early chairperson was the jazz musician Aaron Manganiello [1943-2009]. In 1971, about half of the Revolutionary Union, a Maoist organization, split to join Venceremos. Among the people who moved from the RU to Venceremos was H. Bruce Franklin
, one of the RU's founders. Venceremos's next chairperson was Katerina Del Valle. According to Franklin in his 1971 anthology "From the Movement Toward Revolution", RU
Franklin's version of the reason for this split is that it had to do with racial issues: originally, Venceremos had been a Chicano organization, while the RU had a policy of suggesting to prospective black members that they join the Black Panthers instead. Franklin and others believed that this racial separation of the organizations was inappropriate, the Venceremos went on to become a multieithnic organization. They also believed that the lumpenproletariat
had a strong revolutionary potential.
Some sources say that the issue was Venceremos' belief that revolution was imminent, but Franklin says that is incorrect. Other sources say that the split had to do with ideology, with Venceremos having a more voluntarist or anarchist approach, rather than a Marxist one.
Venceremos advocated armed self-defense of the citizenry, community control of the police, and reform of the prison system. To these ends, the group's members engaged in a number of legal activities, such as working to educate prisoners and defend war protesters. They also participated in various anti-war demonstrations.
Franklin has written several books which provide a detailed account of Venceremos' aims and activities, including "From the Movement Toward Revolution" [a contemporary anthology of New Left / SDS / Black Panther / Young Lord documents compiled & introduced by Franklin]; his political memoir "Back Where You Come From" [Harper's Magazine Press, 1975]; and his most recent account of the war and the anti-war movement "Vietnam and Other American Fantasies" [Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 2000]
That the US Government considered Venceremos a serious threat is evident in the 202-page 1972 U.S. Congress House Committee on Internal Security publication titled "America's Maoists: the Revolutionary Union, the Venceremos Organization: Report"
The Chino escape and Venceremos internal politics leading to its dissolution are the subject of a thinly-veiled novel set in August to November 1972 by Max F Crawford
titled The Bad Communist [New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1979].
Far left
Far left, also known as the revolutionary left, radical left and extreme left are terms which refer to the highest degree of leftist positions among left-wing politics...
political group which took its name from the battle cry of Ernesto "Che" Guevara, a revolutionary communist leader from Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
and high ranking member of Fidel Castro's
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz is a Cuban revolutionary and politician, having held the position of Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and then President from 1976 to 2008. He also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from the party's foundation in 1961 until 2011...
communist government in Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
.
Venceremos began as a Chicano
Chicano
The terms "Chicano" and "Chicana" are used in reference to U.S. citizens of Mexican descent. However, those terms have a wide range of meanings in various parts of the world. The term began to be widely used during the Chicano Movement, mainly among Mexican Americans, especially in the movement's...
political organization in Redwood City, California in early 1969. An early chairperson was the jazz musician Aaron Manganiello [1943-2009]. In 1971, about half of the Revolutionary Union, a Maoist organization, split to join Venceremos. Among the people who moved from the RU to Venceremos was H. Bruce Franklin
H. Bruce Franklin
Howard Bruce Franklin is an American cultural historian who has authored or edited nineteen books on a range of subjects. As of 2011, he is the John Cotton Dana Professor of English and American Studies at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. He first attained prominence as a Melville scholar...
, one of the RU's founders. Venceremos's next chairperson was Katerina Del Valle. According to Franklin in his 1971 anthology "From the Movement Toward Revolution", RU
"split on the question of armed struggle, particularly as it related to national liberation movements within the U.S. Over half the Bay Area Revolutionary Union, including all the collectives from South San Francisco through Sunnyvale and some in San Jose, merged into Venceremos. Since these collectives had been heavily involved in youth organizing within white proletarian communities, in factory organizing and in anti-imperialist struggles on the campuses, the new combined organization was multi-national, extremely diversified in its activities and base, and quite militant"
Franklin's version of the reason for this split is that it had to do with racial issues: originally, Venceremos had been a Chicano organization, while the RU had a policy of suggesting to prospective black members that they join the Black Panthers instead. Franklin and others believed that this racial separation of the organizations was inappropriate, the Venceremos went on to become a multieithnic organization. They also believed that the lumpenproletariat
Lumpenproletariat
Lumpenproletariat, a collective term from Lumpenproletarier , was first defined by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The German Ideology and later elaborated on in other works by Marx...
had a strong revolutionary potential.
Some sources say that the issue was Venceremos' belief that revolution was imminent, but Franklin says that is incorrect. Other sources say that the split had to do with ideology, with Venceremos having a more voluntarist or anarchist approach, rather than a Marxist one.
Venceremos advocated armed self-defense of the citizenry, community control of the police, and reform of the prison system. To these ends, the group's members engaged in a number of legal activities, such as working to educate prisoners and defend war protesters. They also participated in various anti-war demonstrations.
Venceremos’ ultimate stated goal was the overthrow of the government. On their way to armed
insurrection, their platform called for (among many other things): “The firing of…profit-motivated murderers,
like David Packard and Richard Nixon,” “an end to the fascist court system and fascist judges,” and “an
education which exposes the lies and oppression created by the corrupt court system and teaches us the true
history of oppressed people.” Venceremos were also enemies of the police and were convinced that “the
best pigs are always dead pigs.” Pretty radical stuff.
But Venceremos stressed actions over rhetoric. In 1970, they opened a revolutionary community college in
a Redwood City storefront that lasted until it ran out of money two years later. They were actively involved
in an anti-drug campaign on the streets of Palo Alto in the summer of 1971 and later with the Palo Alto Drug
Collective. They often showed up at City Council and School Board meetings in Palo Alto with a verbal
aggressiveness never before seen in the city’s politics. At an August 1971 meeting, for instance, Jeffrey Youdelman shouted down school board members as “racist, fascist pigs.” They also fought elections.
In May 1971, Venceremos ran Jean Hobson for City Council, she received 798 votes, some 7,000 short of victory. Youdelman ran as a candidate in 1973, but he fared no better.
Venceremos member Doug Garrett also ran for Palo Alto School Board and Joan Dolly in the 1972 Menlo Park council elections.
Venceremos was part of the ever-present street protest scene that marked Palo Alto counterculture life
in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Every Saturday night at 7:00 pm, Venceremos held a rally with speakers
and bands at Lytton Plaza, which they dubbed “The People’s Plaza.” This often led to clashes with police
as the hour grew late and the music got louder.
The beginning of the end for Venceremos came in 1972, when a number of its members were involved in a headline-grabbing murder. The incident centered around a Venceremos recruit and prison inmate named Ronald Beaty. A habitual stick-up artist and con, Beaty was serving time for armed robbery and kidnapping at Chino Prison. He apparently had romantic ties to Jean Hobson -- the former Venceremos candidate for council -- that lead to an attempt by the organization to help him escape.
Franklin has written several books which provide a detailed account of Venceremos' aims and activities, including "From the Movement Toward Revolution" [a contemporary anthology of New Left / SDS / Black Panther / Young Lord documents compiled & introduced by Franklin]; his political memoir "Back Where You Come From" [Harper's Magazine Press, 1975]; and his most recent account of the war and the anti-war movement "Vietnam and Other American Fantasies" [Amherst, University of Massachusetts Press, 2000]
That the US Government considered Venceremos a serious threat is evident in the 202-page 1972 U.S. Congress House Committee on Internal Security publication titled "America's Maoists: the Revolutionary Union, the Venceremos Organization: Report"
The Chino escape and Venceremos internal politics leading to its dissolution are the subject of a thinly-veiled novel set in August to November 1972 by Max F Crawford
Max F Crawford
-Works:*Waltz Across Texas - novel *The Backslider - novel *The Bad Communist - novel*Lords of the Plain - novel*Six Key Cut - novel...
titled The Bad Communist [New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1979].
See also
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