Venice Biennale of architecture
Encyclopedia
Mostra di Architettura di Venezia, the Architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
section of the Venice Biennale
Venice Biennale
The Venice Biennale is a major contemporary art exhibition that takes place once every two years in Venice, Italy. The Venice Film Festival is part of it. So too is the Venice Biennale of Architecture, which is held in even years...
, was established in 1980, although architecture had been a part of the art biennale since 1968.
As well as addressing the academic side of architecture, the Biennale is an occasion where big-name architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
s and designer
Designer
A designer is a person who designs. More formally, a designer is an agent that "specifies the structural properties of a design object". In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, such as consumer products, processes, laws, games and graphics, is referred to as a...
s can showcase new projects, arranged in different pavilions
Pavilion (structure)
In architecture a pavilion has two main meanings.-Free-standing structure:Pavilion may refer to a free-standing structure sited a short distance from a main residence, whose architecture makes it an object of pleasure. Large or small, there is usually a connection with relaxation and pleasure in...
, each with different themes. The Biennale is currently held in the Biennale Gardens
Biennale Gardens
The Biennale Gardens are large gardens in east Venice, Italy. They are used to host the Venice Biennale of Architecture....
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2010
The 12th International Architecture Exhibition, titled People meet in architecture'. August 29 to November 21, 2010. At the Arsenale and Giardini exhibition venues. Directed by Kazuyo SejimaKazuyo Sejima
is a Japanese architect. After studying at Japan Women's University and working in the office of Toyo Ito, in 1987 she founded Kazuyo Sejima and Associates. In 1995 she founded the Tokyo-based firm SANAA together with her former employee Ryue Nishizawa...
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Lion Awards:
- Golden Lion for Best National Participation: Kingdom of BahrainBahrain' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...
(Bahrain Urban Research Team, Camille Zakharia and Mohammed Bu Ali) - Golden Lion for Best Project: Jun'ya Ishigami and AssociatesJun'ya Ishigamiis a Japanese architect born in Kanagawa prefecture in 1974.He acquired a master's degree in architecture and planning at Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music in 2000. He worked in with Kazuyo Sejima and Associates from 2000 to 2004 at SANAA...
, Japan - Silver Lion for Promising Young Participant: Office Kersten Geers David Van Severen + Bas Princen
- Golden Lion for lifetime achievement: Rem KoolhaasRem KoolhaasRemment Lucas Koolhaas is a Dutch architect, architectural theorist, urbanist and "Professor in Practice of Architecture and Urban Design" at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University, USA. Koolhaas studied at the Netherlands Film and Television Academy in Amsterdam, at the Architectural...
- Golden Lion in memoriam: Kazuo ShinoharaKazuo Shinoharawas a highly influential Japanese architect, forming what is now widely known as the "Shinohara School", which has been linked to the works of Toyo Ito, Kazunari Sakamoto and Itsuko Hasegawa. As architectural critic Thomas Daniell put it, "A key figure who explicitly rejected Western influences yet...
2008
The 11th International Architecture Exhibition11th International Architecture Exhibition
The 11th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2008 Venice Biennale of Architecture, Out There: Architecture Beyond Building, was held at the Arsenale and Giardini exhibition venues...
, titled Out There: Architecture Beyond Building. September 14 to Sunday, November 23, 2008. At the Arsenale and Giardini exhibition venues. Directed by Aaron Betsky
Aaron Betsky
Aaron Betsky is an architect, critic, curator, educator, lecturer, and writer on architecture and design, who since August 2006 has been the director of the Cincinnati Art Museum. From 2001 to 2006 Betsky served as director of the Netherlands Architecture Institute in Rotterdam, Netherlands....
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Lion Awards:
- Golden Lion for Best National Participation: Nicolas Grospierre and Kobas Laksa of the Polish pavilion with Hotel Polonia—The afterlife of buildings
- Golden Lion for Best Installation Project: Greg LynnGreg LynnGreg Lynn is owner of the Greg Lynn FORM office, an o. Univ. Professor of architecture at University of Applied Arts Vienna, a studio professor at the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture, and the Davenport Visiting Professor at the Yale School of Architecture. He was the winner of the Golden...
- Silver Lion for a Promising Young Architect: Elemental of Chile
- Special Golden Lion for lifetime achievement: James S. AckermanJames S. AckermanJames Sloss Ackerman is a prominent American architectural historian, a major scholar of Michelangelo's architecture, of Palladio and of Italian Renaissance architectural theory.-Biography:...
National Pavilions:
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- United States Pavilion: Into the Open: Positioning Practice11th International Architecture ExhibitionThe 11th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2008 Venice Biennale of Architecture, Out There: Architecture Beyond Building, was held at the Arsenale and Giardini exhibition venues...
. Curated by William Menking, Aaron Levy, and Andrew Sturm.
- United States Pavilion: Into the Open: Positioning Practice
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2006
The 10th International Architecture Exhibition10th International Architecture Exhibition
The 10th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2006 Venice Biennale of Architecture, Cities, architecture and society, lasted from September 10 to November 19 and was directed by Richard Burdett. The collateral section City-Port was held in Palermo until January 14, 2007...
, directed by Richard Burdett. The exhibition was titled Cities, architecture and society. (September 10 to November 19). The collateral section City-Port was held in Palermo until January 14, 2007. The exhibition attracted over 130,000 visitors.
Lion Awards::
- Golden Lion—Best National Pavilions: DenmarkDenmarkDenmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
for CO-EVOLUTIONCo-evolutionIn biology, coevolution is "the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object." Coevolution can occur at many biological levels: it can be as microscopic as correlated mutations between amino acids in a protein, or as macroscopic as covarying traits between different...
, Danish/Chinese collaboration on sustainable urban development in China, by young Danish architectural practices COBECOBEThe COsmic Background Explorer , also referred to as Explorer 66, was a satellite dedicated to cosmology. Its goals were to investigate the cosmic microwave background radiation of the universe and provide measurements that would help shape our understanding of the cosmos.This work provided...
, CEBRACEBRACEBRA is a Danish architectural practice founded in Århus in 2001 by the architects Mikkel Frost, Carsten Primdahl and Kolja Nielsen. The practice is primarily occupied with building design but over the last few years an increasing number of planning projects has been developed in the office as...
, Transform and Effekt. - Golden Lion—Cities: BogotáBogotáBogotá, Distrito Capital , from 1991 to 2000 called Santa Fé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district...
, ColombiaColombiaColombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
. - Golden Lion—Urban Projects: Javier Sanchez/ Higuera + Sanchez for the housing project "Brazil 44" in Mexico City.
- Special Award—Schools of Architecture: I Facoltà di Architettura Politecnico di Torino, for a project on Bombay.
- Special Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement: Richard RogersRichard RogersRichard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside CH Kt FRIBA FCSD is a British architect noted for his modernist and functionalist designs....
National Pavilions:
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- United States Pavilion: After the Flood: Building on Higher Ground10th International Architecture ExhibitionThe 10th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2006 Venice Biennale of Architecture, Cities, architecture and society, lasted from September 10 to November 19 and was directed by Richard Burdett. The collateral section City-Port was held in Palermo until January 14, 2007...
. Curated by Christian Ditlev Bruun.
- United States Pavilion: After the Flood: Building on Higher Ground
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2004
The 9th International Architecture Exhibition9th International Architecture Exhibition
The 9th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2004 Venice Biennale of Architecture was titled METAMORPH. It lasted from September 12 to November 7 and was directed by Kurt W. Forster...
, directed by Kurt W. Forster and titled METAMORPH (September 12–November 7). The exhibition attracted over 115,000 visitors.
National Pavilions:
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- United States Pavilion: Transcending Type9th International Architecture ExhibitionThe 9th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2004 Venice Biennale of Architecture was titled METAMORPH. It lasted from September 12 to November 7 and was directed by Kurt W. Forster...
. Curated by Christian Ditlev Bruun.
- United States Pavilion: Transcending Type
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2002
The 8th International Architecture Exhibition8th International Architecture Exhibition
The 8th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2002 Venice Biennale of Architecture, titled Next, was directed by Deyan Sudjic. Held at the Arsenale and Giardini exhibition venues, it took place from September 8 to November 3...
, directed by Deyan Sudjic
Deyan Sudjic
Deyan Sudjic is director of the Design Museum, London, England.Before moving to his post at the Design Museum, he contributed to Schoolkids OZ, was the design and architecture critic for The Observer, the Dean of the Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture at Kingston University and Co-Chair of the...
and titled Next (Castello Gardens and Arsenale—September 8 to November 3) and attracted over 100,000 visitors.
National Pavilions:
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- United States Pavilion: World Trade Center.8th International Architecture ExhibitionThe 8th International Architecture Exhibition at the 2002 Venice Biennale of Architecture, titled Next, was directed by Deyan Sudjic. Held at the Arsenale and Giardini exhibition venues, it took place from September 8 to November 3...
- United States Pavilion: World Trade Center.
2000
The 7th International Architecture Exhibition, directed by Massimiliano FuksasMassimiliano Fuksas
Massimiliano Fuksas is an Italian architect, born in Rome in 1944 to an Jewish Lithuanian father and Italian Catholic mother. He received his degree in architecture from the La Sapienza University in 1969 in Rome, where he opened his first office. Subsequent offices were opened in Paris and Vienna...
and titled Less Aesthetics, More Ethics (Castello Gardens and Arsenale—from June 18 to October 29).
National Pavilions and Curators:
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- United States Pavilion: ARCHitecture LABoratories with Columbia UniversityColumbia UniversityColumbia University in the City of New York is a private, Ivy League university in Manhattan, New York City. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the...
and UCLA. - Greg LynnGreg LynnGreg Lynn is owner of the Greg Lynn FORM office, an o. Univ. Professor of architecture at University of Applied Arts Vienna, a studio professor at the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture, and the Davenport Visiting Professor at the Yale School of Architecture. He was the winner of the Golden...
and Hani Rashid, respectively, transformed the U.S. Pavilion into a research laboratory designed to investigate, produce, and present a broad scope of new architectural schemes. A central theme of the studio program was new technology and its application to contemporary housing and other building archetypes. Organized by: The Solomon R. Guggenheim FoundationSolomon R. Guggenheim FoundationThe Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation is a nonprofit corporation founded in 1937 by philanthropist Solomon R. Guggenheim and artist Hilla von Rebay. The first museum established by the foundation was the "Museum of Non-Objective Art", which was housed in rented space on Park Avenue in New York....
. Commissioner: Max Hollein
- United States Pavilion: ARCHitecture LABoratories with Columbia University
1996
The 6th International Architecture Exhibition. Castello Gardens. Directed by Hans Hollein. The main exhibition was titled Sensing the Future—The Architect as Seismograph and covered some thirty contemporary masters of architecture.-
- United States Pavilion: Building a Dream: The Art of Disney Architecture.
- The Walt Disney Company has inspired and commissioned the work of many of the leading architects of our day for its hotels, productions, facilities, office buildings, sports facilities and housing developments. Organized by: Disney Imagineering, and The Solomon R Guggenheim Foundation, New York. Commissioner: Thomas KrensThomas KrensThomas Krens is the former director of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in New York City, and currently the Guggenheim's Senior Advisor for International Affairs, overseeing the completion of the Frank Gehry-designed Guggenheim Abu Dhabi...
1992
Architecture: Modernity and the sacred space. Old Granaries on the Giudecca. Curator: Paolo PortoghesiPaolo Portoghesi
Paolo Portoghesi is an Italian architect, theorist, historian and professor of architecture at the University La Sapienza in Rome...
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1991
The 5th International Architecture Exhibition. Castello Gardens. National pavilions: Forty Architects for the 90s; exhibition of project designs for A Gateway to Venice; exhibition of project designs for the Italian Pavilion; new Bookshop Pavilion designed by James Stirling. Corderie dell'Arsenale: The Venice Prize, an encounter of 43 schools of architecture; exhibition of projects for the new Palazzo del Cinema on the Lido (director: Francesco Dal Co).-
- United States Pavilion: Peter Eisenman and Frank Gehry.
- The similarities and differences between the work of architects Peter EisenmanPeter EisenmanPeter Eisenman is an American architect. Eisenman's professional work is often referred to as formalist, deconstructive, late avant-garde, late or high modernist, etc...
and Frank GehryFrank GehryFrank Owen Gehry, is a Canadian American Pritzker Prize-winning architect based in Los Angeles, California.His buildings, including his private residence, have become tourist attractions...
. Organized by: The Solomon R Guggenheim Foundation, New York- Commissioner: Philip JohnsonPhilip JohnsonPhilip Cortelyou Johnson was an influential American architect.In 1930, he founded the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, and later , as a trustee, he was awarded an American Institute of Architects Gold Medal and the first Pritzker Architecture...
- Commissioner: Philip Johnson
1988
Italian Pavilion. 12 project designs for the Venice Biennale. National competition, Doge's Palace. Director: Francesco Dal CoFrancesco Dal Co
Francesco Dal Co is in an Italian historian of architecture. He graduated in 1970 at the University Iuav of Venice, and has been director of the Department of History of Architecture since 1994...
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1986
The 4th International Architecture Exhibition: Hendrik Petrus Berlage—Drawings. Villa Farsetti, Santa Maria di Sala. Director: Aldo RossiAldo Rossi
Aldo Rossi was an Italian architect and designer who accomplished the unusual feat of achieving international recognition in four distinct areas: theory, drawing, architecture and product design.-Early life:...
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1985
The 3rd International Architecture Exhibition: Venice Project, international competition, Castello Gardens. Director: Aldo RossiAldo Rossi
Aldo Rossi was an Italian architect and designer who accomplished the unusual feat of achieving international recognition in four distinct areas: theory, drawing, architecture and product design.-Early life:...
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1982
The 2nd International Architecture Exhibition: Architecture in Islamic Countries. Italian Pavilion at the Castello Gardens (director: Paolo PortoghesiPaolo Portoghesi
Paolo Portoghesi is an Italian architect, theorist, historian and professor of architecture at the University La Sapienza in Rome...
).
1980
The 1st International Architecture Exhibition: The presence of the Past. Included the Strada Novissima exhibition at the Corderie dell'Arsenale, and exhibitions on Antonio Basile, the architect; The Banal Object. An Exhibition of Critics. An Exhibition of Young Architects. Homage to Gardella, Ridolfi and JohnsonPhilip Johnson
Philip Cortelyou Johnson was an influential American architect.In 1930, he founded the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, and later , as a trustee, he was awarded an American Institute of Architects Gold Medal and the first Pritzker Architecture...
. Director of the Architecture Section: Paolo Portoghesi
Paolo Portoghesi
Paolo Portoghesi is an Italian architect, theorist, historian and professor of architecture at the University La Sapienza in Rome...
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1979
Theatre of the World. The Dogana at the end of the Zattere, created by Aldo RossiAldo Rossi
Aldo Rossi was an Italian architect and designer who accomplished the unusual feat of achieving international recognition in four distinct areas: theory, drawing, architecture and product design.-Early life:...
for the Architecture and Theatre Sections of the Biennale in occasion of the exhibition Venice and the Stage (winter 1979–80).
1978
Utopia and the Crisis of Anti-Nature. Architectural Intentions in Italy. Magazzini del Sale, Zattere. Director: Vittorio GregottiVittorio Gregotti
Vittorio Gregotti is an Italian architect, born in Novara.He is head of the Gregotti Associati studio. His studio has designed several important buildings, such as the Barcelona Olympic Stadium, the Belém Cultural Center in Lisbon, the Arcimboldi Opera Theater in Milan and several university...
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1976
Werkbund 1907. The Origins of Design; Rationalism and Architecture in Italy during the fascist period; Europe-America, old city centre, suburbia; Ettore SottsassEttore Sottsass
Ettore Sottsass was an Italian architect and designer of the late 20th century. His body of designs included furniture, jewellery, glass, lighting and office machine design.-Early career:...
, an Italian designer. Ca' Pesaro, San Lorenzo, Magazzini del Sale, Cini Foundation. Director. Vittorio Gregotti
Vittorio Gregotti
Vittorio Gregotti is an Italian architect, born in Novara.He is head of the Gregotti Associati studio. His studio has designed several important buildings, such as the Barcelona Olympic Stadium, the Belém Cultural Center in Lisbon, the Arcimboldi Opera Theater in Milan and several university...
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1975
On the subject of the Stucky Mill. Magazzini del Sale at the Zattere. Curated by the Visual Arts and Architecture Section of the Biennale, directed by Vittorio GregottiVittorio Gregotti
Vittorio Gregotti is an Italian architect, born in Novara.He is head of the Gregotti Associati studio. His studio has designed several important buildings, such as the Barcelona Olympic Stadium, the Belém Cultural Center in Lisbon, the Arcimboldi Opera Theater in Milan and several university...
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